• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권6_2호
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• pp.1793-1801
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• 2021

2015년 1월부터 2020년 6월까지 라이다를 이용하여 측정된 532와 1064 nm의 후방산란계수와 532 nm의 편광소멸도를 이용하여 532 nm의 후방산란계수를 PM₁₀, PM_2.5-10, PM_2.5에 해당하는 세 유형으로 구분하고 지상에서 측정된 질량 농도를 이용하여 각각의 질량소산효율을 산출하였다. 산출된 질량소산효율의 전체 평균값은 PM₁₀, PM_2.5-10, PM_2.5에서 각각 5.1±2.5, 1.7±3.7, 9.3±6.3 m²/g으로 PM_2.5가 가장 높은 값을 보였다. PM₁₀과 PM_2.5의 질량 농도가 낮을 때 평균 이상의 높은 질량소산효율이 산출되었으며 질량 농도가 높아질수록 질량소산효율이 감소되는 경향을 확인하였다. 황사의 혼합 정도에 따른 유형별로 질량소산효율을 산출하였을 때, PM_2.5-10는 황사의 영향으로 오염입자(pollution aerosol, PA)가 2.1±2.8 m²/g으로 오염입자가 주요한 혼합입자(pollution-dominated mixture, PDM), 황사가 주요한 혼합입자 (dust-dominated mixture, DDM), 순수황사 (pure dust, PD)의 1.1±1.8, 1.4±3.3, 1.1±1.5 m²/g보다 두 배 정도 높은 값을 보였다. 하지만, PM_2.5는 9.4±6.5, 9.0±5.8, 10.3±7.5, 9.1±9.0 m²/g으로 유형 구분 없이 비슷한 값을 보였다. PM₁₀의 질량소산효율은 PA, PDM, DDM, PD 에서 각각 5.6±2.9, 4.4±2.0, 3.6±2.9, 2.8±2.4 m²/g으로 황사의 비율이 감소할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 동일한 질량 농도 또는 황사 혼합에 따른 동일한 유형을 보이더라도 PM_2.5/PM₁₀ 값이 낮아질수록 PM_2.5-10의 질량소산효율은 감소하고, PM_2.5의 질량소산효율은 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1075-1084
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• 2022

Internet of Things(IoT) has become a key available technology for efficiently implementing device to device(D2D) services in various domains such as smart home, healthcare, smart city, agriculture, energy, logistics, and transportation. A lightweight publish/subscribe(Pub/Sub) messaging protocol not only establishes data dissemination pattern but also supports connectivity between IoT devices and their applications. Also, a Pub/Sub broker is deployed to facilitate data exchange among IoT devices. A scalable edge-based publish/subscribe (Pub/Sub) broker overlay networks support latency-sensitive IoT applications. In this paper, we design a hypercube grid quorum(HGQ) for distributed Pub/Sub systems based IoT applications. In designing HGQ, the network of hypercube structures suitable for the publish/subscribe model is built in the edge layer, and the proposed HGQ is designed by embedding a mesh overlay network in the hypercube. As their applications, we propose an HGQ-based mechansim for dissemination of the data of sensors or the message/event of IoT devices in IoT environments. The performance of HGQ is evaluated by analytical models. As the results, the latency and load balancing of applications based on the distributed Pub/Sub system using HGQ are improved.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2022

Parametric studies of heat transfer and fluid flow are very important research of interest because the design and operation of fluid flow and heat transfer systems are guided by these parametric studies. The safety of the system operation and system optimization can be determined by decreasing or increasing particular fluid flow and heat transfer parameter while keeping other parameters constant. The parameters that can be varied in order to determine safe and optimized system include system pressure, mass flow rate, heat flux and coolant inlet temperature among other parameters. The fluid flow and heat transfer systems can also be enhanced by the presence of or without the presence of particular effects including gravity effect among others. The advanced Generation IV reactors to be deployed for large electricity production, have proven to be more thermally efficient (approximately 45% thermal efficiency) than the current light water reactors with a thermal efficiency of approximately 33 ℃. SCWR is one of the Generation IV reactors intended for electricity generation. High Performance Light Water Reactor (HPLWR) is a SCWR type which is under consideration in this study. One-eighth of a proposed fuel assembly design for HPLWR consisting of 7 fuel/rod bundles with 9 coolant sub-channels was the geometry considered in this study to examine the effects of system pressure and mass flow rate on wall and fluid temperatures. Gravity effect on wall and fluid temperatures were also examined on this one-eighth fuel assembly geometry. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, STAR-CCM+, was used to obtain the results of the numerical simulations. Based on the parametric analysis carried out, sub-channel 4 performed better in terms of heat transfer because temperatures predicted in sub-channel 9 (corner subchannel) were higher than the ones obtained in sub-channel 4 (central sub-channel). The influence of system mass flow rate, pressure and gravity seem similar in both sub-channels 4 and 9 with temperature distributions higher in sub-channel 9 than in sub-channel 4. In most of the cases considered, temperature distributions (for both fluid and wall) obtained at 25 MPa are higher than those obtained at 23 MPa, temperature distributions obtained at 601.2 kg/h are higher than those obtained at 561.2 kg/h, and temperature distributions obtained without gravity effect are higher than those obtained with gravity effect. The results show that effects of system pressure, mass flowrate and gravity on fluid flow and heat transfer are significant and therefore parametric studies need to be performed to determine safe and optimum operating conditions of fluid flow and heat transfer systems.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

In this study, the selective catalytic reduction of $NO_x$ with ammonia was carried out in a filter bag support reactor. The experiments were performed by powder type $MnO_x$ and $V_2O_5$/$TiO_2$ catalyst at low temperature between 130 and $250^{\circ}C$. Also, the effect of $SO_2$ and $H_2O$ on the NO conversion was investigated under our test conditions. The powder type catalysts were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was observed that NO removal efficiency of the powder type $V_2O_5$/$TiO_2$ catalyst was 85% at low temperature($200^{\circ}C$) under presence of oxygen and that of $MnO_x$ was 50% at the same condition. The powder type $V_2O_5$/$TiO_2$ catalyst, in conclusion, was found to be available for SCR reaction in a filter bag support system.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

M/sub 1-x/Na/sub 2x/Al₂(BO₃)₂O (M = Ca and Sr) 고용체계는 치환형과 틈새형 고용체를 동시에 갖는다. 이상의 고용체계 물질에 첨가된 발광원자의 에너지 전이는 발광원자, Eu 주위의 대칭성에 깊은 관계가 있다 Eu/sup 3+/ 이온의 경우, Eu/sup 3+/ 이온의 주변 대청성에 따라서 매우 밝고 효율적인 발광성 불순물이 될 수 있기 때문에 구조와 연계한 연구가 가능하다. Eu/sup 3+/: Ca/sub 1-x/Na/sub 2x/Al₂(BO₃)₂O 고용체계의 Na원자 양이 증가함에 따라 Eu3+ 이온의 대칭성이 낮아진다. CaAl₂(BO₃)₂O 화합물은 Ca 원자 중심의 팔면체 구조를 갖기 때문에, 조성비 x의 증가와 함께, 화합물의 낮은 대청성에 의해서 Eu/sup 3+/:Ca/sub 1-x/Na/sub 2x/Al₂(BO₃)₂O 고용체계의 /sup 5/D/sub 0/→/sup 7/F₁(590 nm) 전이의 상대적인 세기가 감소한다. 그러한 또 다른 예는 비대칭성 물질인 Eu/sup 3+/:SrAl₂(BO₃)₂O 화합물에서도 찾아 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.532-538
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• 2021

In this study, a spray dryer is used to make granules of Y₂O₃ and YF₃, and then Y₅O₄F₇ is synthesized following heat treatment of them under Ar gas atmosphere at 600 ℃. Single and binary monomer mixtures are compared and analyzed to optimize photocurable monomer system for DLP 3D printing. The mixture of HEA and TMPTA at 8:2 ratio exhibits the highest photocuring properties and low viscosity with shear thinning behavior. The optimized photocurable monomer and synthesized Y₅O₄F₇ are therefore mixed and applied to printing process at variable solid contents (60, 70, 80, & 85 wt.%) and light exposure times. Under optimal light exposure conditions (initial exposure time: 1.2 s, basic exposure time: 5 s), YOF composites at 60, 70 & 80 wt.% solid contents are successfully printed. As a result of measuring the size of the printed samples compared to the dimensions of the designed bar type specimen, the deviation is found to increase as the YOF solid content increases. This shows that it is necessary to maximize the photocuring activity of the monomer system and to optimize the exposure time when printing using a high-solids ceramic slurry.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2022

Ultrasonic sensor is suitable as a next-generation autonomous driving assist device because its lower price compared to that of other sensors and its sensing stability in the external environment. Although Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ (PZT)-relaxor ferroelectric system has excellent piezoelectric properties, the change in capacitance is large in the daily operating temperature range due to the low phase transition temperature. Recently, many studies have been conducted to improve the temperature stability of ferroelectric ceramics by controlling the grain size and crystal structure, so it is necessary to study the effect of the grain size on the piezoelectric properties and the temperature stability of PZT-relaxor ferroelectric system. In this study, the piezoelectric properties, phase transition temperature, and temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) of 0.9 Pb(Zr_1-xTi_x)O₃-0.1 Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (PZT_x-PZN) ceramics with various grain sizes were investigated. PZT_x-PZN ceramics with larger grain size showed higher piezoelectric properties and temperature stability, and are expected to be suitable for ultrasonic devices in the future.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2023

PURPOSE. To compare the sagittal condylar inclination (SCI) in dentate individuals measured by the different methods with mechanical articulator (MA), virtual articulator (VA), and a jaw tracking device (JTD) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 22 healthy dentate participants were enrolled in this study. For MA workflow, the SCI was obtained by a semi-adjustable articulator with protrusive interocclusal records. The SCI was also set on a VA by aligning intraoral scan (IOS) with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and facial scan (FS), respectively. These virtual workflows were conducted in a dental design software, namely VAI_OS-CBCT and VAI_OS-FS. Meanwhile, a JTD system was also utilized to perform the measurement. Intraclass correlation was used to assess the repeatability within workflows. The bilateral SCI values were compared by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test for each workflow, and Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc p-value Bonferroni correction were used to compare the differences among four workflows. The agreement of VAI_OS-CBCT, VAI_OS-FS, and JTD compared with MA was evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS. Intraclass correlation of the SCI revealed a high degree of repeatability for each workflow. There were no significant differences between the left and right sides (P > .05), except for VAI_OS-CBCT (P = .028). Significant differences were not found between MA and VAI_OS-FS (P > .05). Bland-Altman plots indicated VAI_OS-CBCT, VAI_OS-FS, and JTD were considered to substitute MA with high 95% limits of agreement. CONCLUSION. The workflow of VAI_OS-FS provided an alternative approach to measure the SCI compared with MA.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1111-1116
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to maintain high efficiency and reasonable use of cold-heat storage systems operated the showcase. An experimental study is carried out to manufacture the showcase system in a laboratory. Comparing the result at general operation condition with that at the new condition using ice storage system, this study showed the effects of the refrigerant sub-cooling, and with using inverter. At the condition using ice storage system, the ice making process was operated during midnight being not needed the cooling of the showcase through the continuous running of the condenser unit. And then, the refrigerant was sub-cooled using stored cold-heat after being discharged from the air cooling condenser during the day time. The cooling performance was increased owing to the sub-cooling of refrigerant during day time, hence the running time of the compressor was effectively decreased. In other words, this study showed that power consumption during daytime can be transferred to the midnight for making use of the refrigerant sub-cooling.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1995

목적 : 뇌정위 방사선수술은 AVM(ateriovenous malformation)이나 작은 크기의 종양에 1회에 고선량의 방사선을 조사하는 기술이다. 선형가속기를 이용한 방사선 수술을 하기 위하여 최근 본원에 설치한 Philips SL 75-5 선형가속기와 isocentric sub system(ISS)에 의한 뇌정위 방사선 수술에 있어서 표적의 위치선정과, gantry와 couch의 회전시 기하학적 오차가 중요시 되는데 isocentric sub system의 오차를 분석 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 방사선원으로는 Philips SL 75-5 선형가속기의 5MV 광자선을 사용하였고, 원형의 작은 광자선속을 위하여 isocenter에서의 직경이 26mm인 secondary cone을 gimbal baaring에 삽입하여 사용하였다. 표적의 크기와 좌표를 정하기 위하여 CT나 angio localizer를 이용하고, 표적좌표 선정을 위하여 BRW phantom base와 target pointer를 이용하여 임의의 BRW-coordinator를 바꾸어 가면서 gantry angle와 ISS head 각도를 임의로 바꾸어 가면서 film에 방사선을 조사하였다. 흑화된 film을 view box 위에 놓고 광학판독기구로 film 가장자리의 오차를 scale 확대경으로 측정하여 오차를 분석하였다. 결과 : 표적좌표 선정의 정확도를 확인하기 위하여 임의의 표적좌표에 gantry의 10개각도 ISShead의 10개각도에서 각각 광자선을 조사시켜 film을 이용하여 오차를 측정한 결과 collimator cone의 직경이 26mm일때 전체 평균오차가 0.219+-0.03mm이었다. 결론 : Isocentric sub system은 gantry head와 ISS arm 사이에 gimbal bearing이 있어서 이 부위를 flexible하게 연결함으로 gantry의 회전에 무관하게 정확한 isocenter를 유지시켜 주고 ISS head는 couch와 독립되어 움직이므로 isocentric sub system isocenter의 오차를 최대한 줄일수 있음을 알았다.