• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1166-1171
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• 2007

Exercise is the strongest stress to which the body is ever exposed. The body responds to this stress through a set of physiological changes in its metabolic, hormonal, and immunological systems. In this study, responses of the immune system to the long-term aerobic and anaerobic exercises have been investigated. Regular moderate exercise is associated with a reduced incidence of infection compared with a sedentary groups. Aerobic training increases the heart rate and enhances the body's intake of oxygen long enough to benefit the condition of the body. In recent years, the importance of exercise in everyday life has been rapidly increasing. Moderate exercise appears to stimulate the immune system. And also, Exercise elicits an increase in the numbers of circulating lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets (including NK cells) which is followed by a decrease in the numbers of cells during recovery from exercise. However, prolonged bouts of strenuous exercise cause a temporary depression of various aspects of immune functions (e.g. lymphocyte proliferation, monocyte antigen presentation, open window periods, exercise induced asthma, exercise induced anaphylaxis) that usually lasts 2-24 hr after exercise depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) was defined as a decrease of at least 15% in pre exercise forced expiratory volume in one second at any time point after exercise. This includes elevation of cortisol and cathecholamines in plasma. On the other hand, highly trained athletes exhibit a chronic mild hypercortisolism at baseline that maybe an adaptive change to chronic exercise. And, Consuming carbohydrate during prolonged strenuous exercise attenuates rises in stress hormones and appears to limit the degree of exercise-induced immune depression. Recent evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamin supplementation may also reduce exercise stress and impairment of leukocyte functions.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.231-246
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate early childhood special education teachers' experience, difficulties and need for effective disability understanding education in inclusive education field. The researcher interviewed 3 different early childhood special education teacher. Each participant was individually interviewed 2-3 times with deliberated questions for collecting data. After the interview was analyzed, the contents were categorized into three major themes and twelve sub themes. The three major themes were (1) early childhood special education teachers' difficulties in inclusive education field. (2) experience in the disability understanding education (3) need for proper disability understanding education. First, the teachers were awareness of the difficulties at the inclusive education field due to ambiguity in the role and location, the extension of the expertise, and the misaligned system. Second, teachers stated that the barriers to disability understanding education include creating prejudice, varied according to teachers ' abilities, poor perception of appropriate methods, and low concerns of adults and young children. Third, the results showed that development of the teaching manual, improvement of the administrative system, change in perception of disability understanding education, and disability understanding education based on the experiences of young children were necessary for effective disability understanding education. Based on these results, several specific implications for effective disability understanding education were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.8
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

One of the desired features for the realizations of high quality Information and Telecommunication services in future is "the Sensation of Reality". This will be achieved only with the visual communication based on the 3- dimensional (3-D) moving images. The main difficulties in realizing 3-D moving image communication are that there is no developed data transmission technology for the hugh amount of data involved in 3-D images and no established technologies for 3-D image recording and displaying in real time. The currently known stereoscopic imaging technologies can only present depth, no moving parallax, so they are not effective in creating the sensation of the reality without taking eye glasses. The more effective 3-D imaging technologies for achieving the sensation of reality are those based on the multiview 3-D images which provides the object image changes as the eyes move to different directions. In this paper, a multiview 3-D imaging system composed of 8 CCD cameras in a case, a RGB(Red, Green, Blue) beam projector, and a holographic screen is introduced. In this system, the 8 view images are recorded by the 8 CCD cameras and the images are transmitted to the beam projector in sequence by a signal converter. This signal converter converts each camera signal into 3 different color signals, i.e., RGB signals, combines each color signal from the 8 cameras into a serial signal train by multiplexing and drives the corresponding color channel of the beam projector to 480Hz frame rate. The beam projector projects images to the holographic screen through a LCD shutter. The LCD shutter consists of 8 LCD strips. The image of each LCD strip, created by the holographic screen, forms as sub-viewing zone. Since the ON period and sequence of the LCD strips are synchronized with those of the camera image sampling adn the beam projector image projection, the multiview 3-D moving images are viewed at the viewing zone.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.8 no.2 s.17
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• pp.13-38
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• 2006

Range query is one of the most important operations for spatial objects, it retrieves all spatial objects that overlap a given query region in multi-dimensional space. The DOT(DOuble Transformation) is known as an efficient indexing methods, it transforms the MBR of a spatial object into a single numeric value using a space filling curve, and stores the value in a $B^+$-tree. The DOT index is possible to be employed as a primary index for spatial objects. However, the range query processing based on the DOT index requires much overhead for spatial transformations to get the query region in the final space. Also, the detailed range query processing method for 2-dimensional spatial objects has not been studied yet in this paper, we propose an efficient multi-dimensional range query processing technique based on the DOT index. The proposed technique exploits the regularities in the moving patterns of space filling curves to divide a query region into a set of maximal sub-legions within which space filling curves traverse without interruption. Such division reduces the number of spatial transformations required to perform the range query and thus improves the performance of range query processing. A visual simulator is developed to show the evaluation method and the performance of our technique.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2014

The avian embryos have been used as a good model to study embryonic development. Due to its unique development in the eggshell, avian embryos can be cultured and hatch in the surrogate eggshell system. In this study, we examined the viability, normal development and hatchability of Korean Oge (KO) chicken embryos in White Leghorn (WL) surrogate eggshells. Donor KO embryos at 3-day and 4-day-old were transferred into recipient WL eggshells, incubated for further 18 days at $37.5^{\circ}C$ with 70% of humidity until hatching. The viability of 3-day-old KO embryos at 7, 14 and 21 day in surrogate eggshell were 70.0%, 43.8% and 23.1%, respectively. In contrast, the viability of 4-day-old KO embryos at 7, 14 and 21 day in surrogate eggshells were 87.1%, 55.6% and 36.0%, respectively. The hatchability of KO embryos transferred into surrogate eggshells at 3-day-old was 23.1%, whereas embryos transferred at 4-day-old was 36.0%. Furthermore, the development of all viable embryos from 3-day group and 4-day group were normal. Our results suggested that culture of KO embryos in WL surrogate eggshells is highly possible, and transfer of donor embryos at 4-day-old may yield higher percentage of hatchability. This study may provide potential knowledge for the conservation of wild and endangered birds through surrogate system.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.277-293
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• 1997

This study was conducted to provide basic materials required to enforce and develop welfare policies, as well as the health system, for the aged, by surveying the status of health care utilized by the daily increasing old population and the importance of receiving physical therapy. Data that need in this research was gathered from over ages of 65, during the period from Jan 4, 1996 to Jan 31, using the inquiries previously made by geriatric researchers and through literatures investigator by this writer. The data were analyzed by $X^2$, Z-test, Likert scale. The findings were as follows : 1) General characteristics of subjects. People in the age group between 65 and 69 were 55.6% and the highest number, while male were 37% and female 63%. Analysis of income group disclosed 60.6% whose monthly income, including the pocket money given by children, was less than 200,000 won. 91.1% of the elderly people surveyed owned houses; only 36.4% live with spouses; while 15.6% live alone. 2) Characteristics with respect to utilization of health care institution. 56% of the total medical institutions used by the elderly people were clinics and the rates of chronic disease and musculoskeletal disease were 73.2%. 3) Characteristics with respect to approach of health care institution. 45.1% of the respondent stated it took 20 minutes to arrive at hospital, and bus accounted for 48.6% of all transportation means used to go to hospital. 4) Degree of cognition with respect to the rights of geriatric patients. (1) There is no financial support from the government for geriatric patients(71.4%). (2) Government financial support is needed for geriatric patients(95.3%). (3) Have never been regionally surveyed or called upon for interviews with respect to treatment desire and problems relating to geriatric patients(87.2%). (4) Health and medical policies for geriatric patients must be established rapidly(98.4). (5) Expansion and construction of specialized medical facilities for geriatric patients such as elderly hospital and medical center are needed(90.2%). (6) Government's welfare policies for the elderly people is insufficient(82.0%) 5) Degree of cognition on importance of physical therapy with respect to geriatric patient. (1) Physical therapy is considered most effective in treating geriatric patients(82.9%). (2) Physical therapists specializing in only elderly people must be need of separately(76.2%). (3) It is desirable for medical specialists to visit geriatric patients at home to provide physical therapy(82.9%). (4) Hospitals specializing in physical therapy for geriatric patient are required(85.6%). Based on the result for this research, the following suggestions are presented to facilitate the utilization of health care institution for the welfare of geriatric patients. Medical facilities such as elderly hospital and geriatric patient's medical center specializing in elderly people must be constructed as early as possible; and home-visiting physical therapist system must be important to treat chronic geriatric patients; our government must establish policies to provide the old ages with means for the health care and curing chronic diseases, and carry out the plans of reasonable distribution and effective untilization of medical resources.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.6-14
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• 2011

The fast growing of the number of users requires the development of reliable communication systems able to provide higher data rates. In order to meet those requirements, techniques such as Multiple Input Multiple Out (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division multiplexing (OFDM) have been developed in the recent years. In order to combine the benefits of both techniques, the research activity is currently focused on MIMO-OFDM systems. In addition, for a fast wireless channel environment, the data rate and reliability can be optimized by setting the modulation and coding adaptively according to the channel conditions; and using sub-carrier frequency, and power allocation techniques. Depending on how accurate the feedback-based system obtain the channel state information (CSI) and feed it back to the transmitter without delay, the overall system performance would be poor or optimal. In this paper, we propose a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) estimation algorithm where the preamble is known for both sides of the transciever. Through simulations made over several channel environments, we prove that our proposed SNR estimation algorithm is more accurate compared with the traditional SNR estimation. Also, We applied AMC on several channel environments using the parameters of IEEE 802.11n, and compared the Throughput performance when using each of the different SNR Estimation Algorithms. The results obtained in the simulation confirm that the proposed algorithm produces the highest Throughput performance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.919-929
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• 2013

Recently, a variety of IT technologies are applied to the vehicle. However, some vehicle-IT technologies without security considerations may cause security problems. Specially, some researches about a smart key system applied to automobiles for authentication show that the system is insecure from replay attacks and modification attacks using a wireless signal of the smart key. Thus, in this paper, we propose an authentication method for the driver by using driving patterns. Nowadays, we can obtain driving patterns using the In-vehicle network data. In our authentication model, we make driving ppatterns of car owner using standard normal distribution and apply these patterns to driver authentication. To validate our model, we perform an k-fold cross validation test using In-vehicle network data and obtain the result(true positive rate 0.7/false positive rate is 0.35). Considering to our result, it turns out that our model is more secure than existing 'what you have' authentication models such as the smart key if the authentication result is sent to the car owner through mobile networks.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

$CO_2$ enrichment systems have been recently used to shorten the growth period of plants and the improvement of harvest and its quality. To accomplish these goals, manifold should be designed to supply the same amount of $CO_2$. In this study, CFD approach has been used to understand the effects of geometric parameters, such as tube and hole diameters. An optimized geometry has been derived through pipe and tube part, respectively. As a result, the deviation of flow rate less than 0.1 g/s was expected at all holes of the $CO_2$ enrichment system.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2009

The goal of cyber teaching is to reduce the cost of private lessons, dissipate the educational disparity amongst regions, make classes apt to the given level of every group of students, make up for systematic defects of the public education, and ultimately strengthen its role. This study intends to analyze the capabilities of cyber teachers and clarify their qualifications, as the whole new e-Learning system is about to take root. In this study, the activities of cyber teachers are analyzed and some standards of applicability of cyber teachers, or the so-called ISSCT, are presented. Firstly, the activities are divided into teaching, counselling, process management, development of professionality. Based upon these four activities, nine tasks have been formed and the structure of 22 sub-tasks has been completed. This is the way the standards of applicability of cyber teachers are established in consideration with their activities. Secondly, the standards of information capability of cyber teachers have 53 elements in total, and the aforementioned ISSCT are presented in relation to the ISST, based upon the standards of information capability of cyber teachers.