• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.4 s.84
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• pp.510-514
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• 2007

This study was carried on cool and RT(room temperature) storage of unhulled rice. In RT storage of an analysis of coefficient relation, high significant positive coefficients were observed in toyo index and breakdown, setback and protein content. high significant negative coefficients were showed setback and breakdown, breakdown and protein content. In cool storage of an analysis of coefficient relation, high significant positive coefficients were observed in toyo index and amylose content and gelatinization start temperature and protein content and high significant negative coefficients were showed toyo index and whiteness, toyo index and gelatinization start temperature, gelatinization start temperature and amylose content. In RT storage of a path coefficient analysis, a highest positive direct influence was observed in amylose content and a highest negative direct influence was protein content. Positive indirect influence was high revealed breakdown and protein content and negative indirect influence was gelatinization start temperature and Mg/K ratio. In cool storage of a path coefficient analysis, a highest positive direct influence was whiteness and a highest positive indirect influence was gelatinization start temperature. Positive indirect influence was high revealed gelatinization start temperature and amylose content, negative indirect influence was whiteness and gelatinization start temperature. In RT storage of Multiple regression equation of Toyo index based on physicochemical properties of unhulled rice, a highest coefficient of determination was revealed among five facters of whiteness, protein content, Mg/K ratio, amylose content and gelatinization start temperature. In cool storage of Multiple regression equation of toyo index based on physicochemical properties of unhulled rice, highest coefficient of determination was revealed among five facters of moisture content, amylose content, gelatinization start temperature, breakdown and setback.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1025-1031
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• 2013

From a 95% ethanolic extract of H. diffusa, four marker compounds (HD1~HD4) were isolated, which were relatively unique and exist in comparably high contents. The structures of marker compounds were identified as digitolutein (1), 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (2), (E/Z)-6-O-p-coumaroyl scandoside methyl ester (4:1 mixture) (3), and (E/Z)-6-O-p-methoxycinnamoyl scandoside methyl ester (4:1 mixture) (4), respectively, on the basis of $^{13}C$ and $^1H$-NMR analyses. The calibration curves of marker compounds showed high linearity, as their correlation coefficient ($R^2$) were in the range of 0.9991~0.9999. In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were $0.03{\sim}0.07{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.099{\sim}0.231{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The intra-day/inter-day precision and accuracy were 0.23~2.00%/0.25~1.16% and 94.60~108.44%/94.73-110.23%, respectively. The optimal HPLC conditions for the simultaneous quantification of HD1~HD4 were as follows: stationary phase; Merck Chromolith RP-18e ($100{\times}4.6mm$, $5{\mu}m$), column temp.; room temperature, UV detection at 280 nm, flow rate; 2.0 ml/min, injection volume; $10{\mu}l$, mobile phase; start with the mixture of 80% solvent A ($H_2O$ containing 0.5% acetic acid) and 20% solvent B (methanol containing 0.5% acetic acid) and gradually decrease solvent A to 40% in 9 min., then retain this condition to 18 min. Under the HPLC condition, the four marker compounds 1~4 were successfully separated without any interference of other constituents. The results obtained in this study are expected to be helpful for the development of nutraceutics and natural medicines and for the quality control of this plant.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of equilibration and dilution methods on the survival rate of vitrified IVM-IVF bovine blastocysts. Vitrification solution was composed with 20% glycerol, 20% ethylene glycol, 3/8 M sucrose and 3/8 M dextrose in D-PBS supplemented with 20% FBS (GESD). Embryos were equilibrated in 1 of 3 methods: 3-step (El), 2-step (E2), or 1-step (E3), and after loading into 0.25-ml straws, were plunged into liquid nitrogen. After warming in water bath at 2$0^{\circ}C$, cryoprotectants were diluted in 1 of 3 methods: 1) D1(VS+1/2 M sucrose, 1/2 M sucrose and l/4 M sucrose), 2) D2 (1/2 M sucrose and 1/4 M sucrose), or 3) D3(1/2 M sucrose only). All procedures except warming were conducted at room temperature. Survival and hatching rates of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts following equilibration methods were 50 and 83.6%, and 27.8 and 67.3%, respectively in El, which were significantly higher (P〈0.01) than those of E2 (16.7 and 23.2%, and 7.4 and 12.5%, respectively) and 23 (0 and 3.7%, and 0 and 0%, respectively). Survival and hatching rates of expanded blastocysts were significantly (P〈0.01) higher than those of blastocysts in El. Survival rates of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts following dilution methods were 52% and 80.6% in D2, which were significantly higher (P〈0.05) than those of D1 (29.6 and 48.3%) and D3 (47.2 and 63.8%). Hatching rates of blastocysts were similar in D1, D2 and D3, however in expanded blastocysts, that of D2(61.3%) was significantly higher (P〈0.01) than that of D1(34.5%). Survival rates of expanded blastocysts in D1 and D2, and hatching rates in D2 and D3 were significantly higher(P〈0.01) than those of blastocysts. These results indicate that the viability of vitrified blastocysts was improved by the several steps of equilibration, and by 2-steps dilution after warming, independently of their stage of development. The results also indicated that the expanded blastocysts are more profitable to vitrification than blastocysts.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2015

This study was conducted to establish a simple mass-screening method for resistant melon to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM). Root-dipping inoculation method has been used to investigate resistance of melon plants to Fusarium wilt. However, the inoculation method requires a lot of labor and time because of complicate procedure. To develop a simple screening method on melon Fusarium wilt, occurrence of Fusarium wilt on susceptible and resistant cultivars of melon according to inoculation method including root-dipping, soil-drenching, tip, and scalpel methods was investigated. Scalpel and tip methods showed more clear resistant and susceptible responses in the melon cultivars than root-dipping inoculation method, but tip method represented slightly variable disease severity. In contrast, in the case of soil-drenching inoculation method, disease severity of the susceptible cultivars was very low. Thus we selected scalpel method as inoculation method of a simple screening method for melon Fusarium wilt. By using the scalpel inoculation method, resistance degrees of the cultivars according to incubation temperature after inoculation (25 and $30^{\circ}C$) and inoculum concentration ($1{\times}10^6$ and $1{\times}10^7conidia/ml$) were measured. The resistance or susceptibility of the cultivars was hardly affected by all the tested conditions. To look into the effectiveness of scalpel inoculation methods, resistance of 22 commercial melon cultivars to FOM was compare with root-dipping inoculation method. When the melon cultivars were inoculated by scalpel method, resistance responses of all the tested cultivars were clearly distinguished as by root-dipping method. Taken together, we suggest that an efficient simple mass-screening method for resistant melon plant to Fusarium wilt is to sow the seeds of melon in a pot (70 ml of soil) and to grow the seedlings in a greenhouse ($25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$) for 7 days, to cut the root of seedlings with a scalpel and then pour a 10 ml-aliquot of the spore suspension of $1{\times}10^6conidia/ml$ on soil. The infected plants were cultivated in a growth room at 25 to $30^{\circ}C$ for about 3 weeks with 12-hr light a day.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.364-370
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical application of the no carrier added $[^{51}Cr]Cr(III)$-EDTA complexes, produced at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. The $[^{51}Cr]Cr(III)$-EDTA complexes, usefut for measurement of GFR were prepared at room temperature in the presence of bicarbonate catalysts. The radiochemical purity of $[^{51}Cr]Cr(III)$-EDTA was over 99% by paper electrophoresis. The time activity curves were obtained by counting the blood samples from 5 volunteers and counting the head and neck regions with whole body counter after injection of the $^{51}Cr$-EDTA, respectively. After the nonlinear regression, the area under curve was obtained. The plasma clearance of the $^{51}Cr$-EDTA was calculated with injected dose/AUC. The clearance rate calculated with the head and neck counting data was in good agreement with the result from the plasma sample radioactivity at 1-3 hrs after injection. From this result, the counting of head and neck region and the nonlinear regression by 2-compartment model could be applied for the measurement of the clearance rate. Using MIRD system, the absorbed radiation dose was calculated by residence $time{\times}S$. The absorbed whole body radiation dose was negligibly small.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.877-890
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• 2005

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different growing stages of winter cereal crops on the quality of silage materials and silages. Silages were made from the silage materials harvested at four growing stages(boot, heading, flowering, and yellow ripe) of barley, rye, oat, and wheat. Approximately 1 kg of silage materials harvested from each growing stage stored in vinyl bags with vacuum packing method and fermented at room temperature for 40 days. As the growing stages progressed, the moisture and crude protein contents of the silage materials decreased, and fiber contents(NDF, ADF and hemicellulose) increased. All the silage materials showed significantly higher contents of water soluble carbohydrate in the boot stages than in the flowering and yellow ripe stages. There was no tendency in acetic acid contents of silage materials cut at different growing stages. The overall pH of silage materials were in the range of 5.91-6.01, and there was no significant difference among growing stages. Buffering capacity of silage materials were in the range of 26.23-29.47meq/100g DM, and showed a tendency to decline as the growing stages proceeded. The moisture and crude protein contents of silages decreased significantly in all species as the growing stages proceeded, and the fiber contents vice versa. As the growing stages proceeded, the pH of the silages tended to increase, and the acetic, butyric, and lactic acid contents tended to decrease. The buffering capacity of silages had a tendency to decrease as the growing stages of winter cereal crops proceeded. Therefore, these features described above should be taken into consideration in order to make silages from winter crops economically.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2002

The objective of research provides the physical therapy of good quality to the patients to search for the problem pant against a physical therapy accident and it simultaneously respects physical therapy company law, the possibility of preparing a system defensive ability in order to be. The data were collected from 2000 October 1 to December 30th, and analyzed by a frequency and a percentage, oneway ANOVA, Scheffe method, $x^2$ official approvals. Conclusion (1) the accident where the patient falls from inside the treatment 'room is many and occasionally' 29.3% (63 people) with was many most. (2) Because of a mistake by a part-time therapist in holiday or a colleague therapist to do, the fracture or bum accident happens 12.5% (27 people), by a assist nurse due to more showed 12.1% (26 people) experience degree in the patient. (3) From physical therapy process breakdown of the medical treatment machinery and tools or it is in malfunction to do and the experience which has a failure to physical therapy is one enemy 68.1% (147 people) was in item. Also it treats and the patient or in the protector it sends an explanation in advance not to be, the experience which it enforces 50% (108 people), of service hour treatment equipment the medical treatment directives broad way of the doctor is accurate in insufficiency and does not enforce the experience is 45.4% (98 people), the patient whom I am treating Hot Pack (electricity has pack inclusion) with to do, the art dealer (over at 1 buffoonery) the experience which it puts on 27.1% (58 people), The patient whom I am treating is the electrotherapy flag (electricity has pack exclusion) with to do, the art dealer (1 degree art dealer over) the experience which it puts on 16.3% (35 people), the experience boat song the patient against a fracture from physical therapy process 9 person (4.2%) was visible an experience degree. (4) With hospital infection to do, from the patient the experience and the therapist which receive a problem proposal were caused by with hospital infection and the answer back regarding the experience which tries to receive a treatment appeared 6% (13 people), 42% (9 people) with each. (5) It listened to the treatment hour patient or the appeal of the protector and especially it does not appear to be being important it was not and and the management which is special it did not take, also the experience where the condition of the patient is deteriorated after that was 10.3% (22 people). (6) The condition or state of the patient does not agree with the medical treatment instruction of the doctor not to be, amendment one experience was 67.5% (145 people). (7) The experience degree of the physical therapy accident which relates with physical therapy recording and a secret maintenance 59.7% (129 people) 'is many and occasionally it is,' it showed an answer back and e it showed a most high accident experience degree. (8) The business overweight of physical therapy company 43.3% (93 people) with was high most from recognition degree of the physical therapy company against a physical therapy accident. (9) Against the question which asks the responsibility subject matter of physical therapy accident the whole answer back volition 42.8% did it is a joint responsibility where the multi person relates. (10) The accident occurs most the hour unit which plentifully in the afternoon 64.3% (133 people) with appeared from the recognition degree against the frequency hour unit of physical therapy accident. (11) Physical therapy it bought and after the various medical treatment accident which relates against the attitude of the, patient side against the physical therapy company it understood and trillion it was many most with 33.3% to be finished. (12) After physical therapy accident the management against the physical therapy company of the hospital authorities concerned above all do not experience 70.6% (149 people), from event right and wrong submission 22.7% (48 people), warning management 2.8% (6 people), the event report requirement and money compensation were each 0.5% (1 person). (13) As the prevention book of physical therapy accident most it is important, the fact which it thinks that, the persons supplement of physical therapy company 58.8% (127 people) with was high most. (14) It related with a physical therapy accident and the medical law 43.5%, civil law 23.9%, was visible the answer back ratio of the criminal law 13.7% from the degree which probably is a relation law.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-157
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• 1996

Recently, international convention competition has greatly expanded with the globalization and expand of world economy. As the conventions market has grown, so have the number of places and facilities of convention competing for business, and numerous trade show and the related meetings held the several cities toward world city such as the United States, Europeans Countries, Japan, and Singapore. Convention, in general, are defined as an assembly, often periodical, of members or delegates, as a political, social, professional or religious group. Convention center means the place that hold several social, political, economic conferences and meetings, trade show, exhibitions, and events. Convention center are consisted the several facilities such as meeting room, exhibition hall, event hall. Historically, meetings, conventions, and trade show have been serviced primarily by hotel and convention centers. With the expand of world trade and flow in recent, the conventions, expositions, and meetings industry (CEMI), however, is one of the most rapidly growing industries in hospitality and tourism, and CEMI provides import effect on regional economy and regional development including regional tourism industry. This study focuses on the establishment strategies and location analysis of convention center as a agent for regional development in a case of Yosu Peninsular Area (YPA). YPA is one of the major industrial area of our country, and displays the rapid regional urbanization and social change with the construction such as Kwangyang container port facilities, Yulchon industrial complex, and the extension planning of industrial estate related to Kwangyang Iron and Steel Company, and population size of this area will be reached about two million peoples in 2011. This area, particularly, will be functioned as a major container & export port of our country after the completion of Kwangyang container port facilities in 1988. If the planned industrial estate is constructed, the convention center for conference exhibition, information exchange, and resort facilities for exhibition, international communication will be needed. In addition, resort and leisure facilities for conventions' participants need. This area, therefore, has to make the establishment of convention center for regional development in future. Thus, the major strategies and idea for establishment of convention center as follows: first, this area has requirements for resort convention center, because this area will be functioned as a major export port and industrial district in 21 century; second, in the location analysis of convention center site, Sinwol & Woongchon district, Soho district, and Yongju & Hodu district are selected as developing possible sites; third, the convention center of this area has to consist of two functions such as convention facilities and marine resort facilities; fourth, in order to establish convention center, the selection of main group, financial raising strategies, and the organization of propulsion committee for establishment of convention center are required.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.406-410
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• 2005

This study was conducted to establish the efficient protocols of the germination and cryopreservation of dehisced Korean ginseng seeds for long-term germ­plasm conservation. $GA_3$ and BA treated on seed for 24 hr facilitated germination at 5 and $10^{\circ}C$. Germination percentage of desiccated seeds was decreased under moisture content (MC) of below $7.2\%$. Dehisced ginseng seeds were dried under airflow of laminar floor cabinet and seed drying room. The high levels (more than $90\%$) of germination after cryogenic exposure were obtained after drying under vertical airflow of laminar floor for 12-30 hours (MC $10.6{\~}7.2\%$). Decrease in germination percentage of ginseng seeds due to desiccation damage and freezing injury was observed at MC of below $7.2\%$ and of above $12.1\%$, respectively. Therefore, MC of ginseng seeds need to be controlled with a range of $8{\~}10\%$ to avoid damages from both desiccation and freezing.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.390-399
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to establish a processing technology for preserved leaves based on the results from the examination of the optimal period and condition for dye-absorbing treatment for Eucalyptus cinerea F. Mull. ex Benth. (silver dollar eucalyptus) being used frequently as plant material for flower design. Cut foliages of E. cinerea with uniformly matured leaves were cut into 20 cm lengths and their lower stem parts were placed in dye solution in growth chambers with different temperatures (10, 20, 30, and $40^{\circ}C$), vapor pressure deficits (VPD; 0.23, 0.70, 1.17, and 1.61 kPa), and photoperiods (0, 6, 12, 24 hours) for 3, 6, 9, and 12 days, and then dried in a room of $20^{\circ}C$ for three days. Lower temperature during preserving dye treatment reduced the changes in leaf color compared with fresh leaves and decreased ${\Delta}E$ value. Especially, high temperature increased red degree (a) and decreased yellow degree (b) due to browning. Lower VPD reduced the change in leaf color compared with fresh leaves and decreased ${\Delta}E$ value. Shorter photoperiod reduced the change in leaf color compared with fresh leaves and decreased ${\Delta}E$ value. The ${\Delta}E$ value increased with increasing absorbing duration under three environmental conditions. The flexibility of stem and leaves after dipped into preserving dye solution and dried for 3 days increased with decreasing temperature, VPD and dipping duration. Therefore, the optimal environment condition for dye treatment was 0.23-0.70 kPa VPD at $10-20^{\circ}C$ in the darkness, and the optimal and economical duration was 3 days. These conditions reduced the speed of water loss by decreasing transpiration, so yellowing or browning by rapid water loss deteriorated the quality of preserved leaves out of these ranges.