• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand the correlation between spleen deficiency syndrome, body mass index (BMI) and eating habit in children and adolescents and to provide foundation of preventive care and treatment. Methods A survey was conducted with 115 children and adolescents, who were 4th, 5th and 6th grade of elementary school in Gwangju from March 2nd, 2016 to April 8th, 2016. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the measured height and weight. Spleen deficiency syndrome and eating habit in children and adolescents were investigated by using the Deficiency of the Spleen Questionnaire and Korean Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (K-CEBQ). A data analysis was performed by using SPSS 23.0 program. Results 1. There was no statistically significant correlation between spleen deficiency syndrome and body mass index (BMI). 2. Children and adolescents with spleen deficiency syndrome were interested in food rather than avoided it. 3. There was a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and FR (Food responsiveness), "Food approach". The correlation between the healthy weight group and FR is statistically significant negative correlation. Conclusions Due to various limitations, it is difficult to generalize the correlation between spleen deficiency syndrome, body mass index (BMI) and eating habit in children and adolescents. Therefore additional research is necessary to confirm this study's findings.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is intended to survey male and female university students to see if there is correlation between temporomandibular disorder and oral habits known to cause temporomandibular disorder. Methods: A survey was conducted to 400 male and female university students attending two universities located in Daegu Metropolitan City and Gyeongsangbuk-do to examine if there is correlation between oral habits and temporomandibular disorder. Among total 400 questionnaire sheets, 334 (83.5%) sheets were used for final analysis except for those unreliably answered or containing error. Results: Female students showed a higher prevalence rate of temporomandibular joint pain than male students, and those having the habit of resting jaw on hand indicated a higher prevalence rate of temporomandibular joint pain, temporomandibular joint clicking, or trismus than normal students not having it. Also, those having the habit of tooth clenching showed a significantly higher prevalence rate of temporomandibular joint pain or temporomandibular joint clicking than normal students not having it. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the habit of resting jaw on hand is closely related with temporomandibular disorder like temporomandibular joint pain, temporomandibular joint clicking, or trismus, and the habit of tooth clenching is significantly correlated with such symptoms as temporomandibular joint pain and temporomandibular joint clicking.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.419-429
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary habits and assess the dietary intake of preschool children. Food habit, preference and nutritional supplement status were investigated using a questionnaire answered by the mothers of 453 subjects aged 3 to 6 years old. Also, a dietary intake survey using a 24-hour recall method was performed by mothers of the children. It was found that 81.2% of subjects had milk, dairy products, cookies, fruit and bread between meals once or twice per day. As well, 60.3% of subjects had an unbalanced diet and 20.7% had an overeating habit. Thus, unbalanced diet was a serious problem for many of the subjects. Due to weight controls, digestion problems and allergies, 11.7% of subjects had special dietary consideration. And 26.4% of subjects were using nutritional supplements. From the 24-recall survey, it was found that all nutrient intakes were higher than the Korean RDA except calcium and vitamin A. Nutrient intakes for protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin B2 were significantly different by sex, and also increased with age but not significantly. Children received 35% of daily energy, 44% of daily fat and 52% of daily calcium from snacks, so snacks clearly play an important role in dietary intake. The average number of foods consumed per day by subjects was 17.6 and that dishes was 11.0. Most children consumed 4 or 5 food groups per day. In conclusion, the dietary intake of children aged 3 to 6 were deemed adequate judging from nutrient intake and dietary diversity. More attention should be paid to the nutritional value of snacks in this age group.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of a combined obesity management program in obese women. The study also attempted to measure the effects of the program on blood lipid, body mass index, dietary calory and dietary habit. Method: This research employed a one group pretest-posttest design. A total of 251 obese women(BMI: over 25) were selected for this research. The subjects in a combined obesity management program (combined exercise therapy and dietary therapy) for 8weeks. Results: After performing the program for 8 weeks, the result were follows. 1) There were significant reduction in total cholesterol(t=4.10, p= .00), triglyceride(t=5.09, p= .00) but no significant reduction BMI. 2) There were reduction in dietary calory, but no significantly. 3) There were significant increase in dietary habit. Conclusion: From these findings, it was confirmed that a combined obesity management program for obese women can decrease TC, TG, BMI and increase dietary habit. Therefore, this program can be utilized for various population groups including women, and further researches are required on program for men, elderly.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to compare health habit and self-rated health status among early adulthood women in 1995, 2001, and 2007. Also, it was performed to determine correlations between health habits and self-rated health status. Methods: This research was investigated to identify a transition of health habits and self-rated health status. Participants who agreed to participate in the study were 18~25years old college women. Data was collected from 380 college students in 1995, 196 college students 2001, and 411 college students in 2007. Health habit assessment questionnaire was developed by authors. The reliability of the questionnaire were Cronbach $\alpha$=.87. Cronbach $\alpha$=.85, Cronbach $\alpha$=.90. The visual analogue scale which had 100 self-rating scores was used. All statistical analyses were used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Levene's test, repeated measure ANOVA, Brown-Forsythe test, Turkey test, Games-Howell test, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: Health habit level, and self-rated heath status were significantly increased over time after 1995. Health habits was correlated with self-rated health status. Conclusion: Health habits and self-rated health status were influenced by health environments. Health practitioner can use perceived health status to access health habits.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2005

흡지벽, 수직적인 골격 발육부전 등 여러 원인을 갖는 개방교합은 치아와 치조돌기에 국한되어 있는 단순 개방교합, 수직골격 발육부전에 의한 골격성 개방교합인 복잡 개방교합으로 나눌 수 있다. 단순 개방교합은 흡지벽, 농설벽 등 국소적 원인에 의하며 치조돌기의 수직적 발육결여와 상하악 잔치의 맹출 장애 등의 특징을 보인다. 농설벽은 혀가 상하악 전치 사이에 위치하고 혀의 주변부위가 구치부 교합면 사이에 놓이지 못하게 됨으로써 구치부 과맹출에 의한 전치부의 개방교합과 상악전치의 전돌을 가속화하게 된다. 악습관에 의한 개방교합을 가진 어린이에서는 습관을 없애주는 것이 개방교합을 치료하는 가장 좋은 방법일 것이다. 그리고 Hawley type 장치에 crib을 첨가하거나 oral screen을 장착시켜 농설벽을 치료할 수 있다 그리고 근기능요법은 동기유발과 혀의 기능을 조절하고 입술운동을 통해 새로운 연하운동을 발전시키도록 훈련하여 부정교합을 교정하거나 개방교합의 재발을 방지한다. 본 증례는 농설벽에 의한 개방교합을 가진 8세 여자 환자에서 탄성고무, 빨대를 이용한 연하연습과 발음연습을 포함한 근 기능요법과 습관제거장치를 이용해 습관의 중지 및 개방교합의 개선을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.563-576
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate night-time eating habits, and dietary habit and nutrient intake of university students in a particular area of Chungnam. We surveyed night-time eating status, frequency, and preference for eating foods at night in 458 university students. We divided the subjects into two groups according to their night-time eating habits and gender and compared dietary behavior, lifestyle, and nutrient intake between the groups. In total, 77.1% of the students ate a night-time snack. The major reason why they ate a night-time snack was hunger. The cost of the night-time snacks was 3,000~10,000 won and they ate mostly with their friends. The order of frequent night-time eating foods was beverage, milk and its products, snacks, flour foods, and fruits. The subjects with a night-time eating habit skipped breakfast, went to bed late, and drank alcohol more than subjects without a night-time eating habit. Total and animal fat intake of subjects with a night-time eating habit in both men and women were significantly higher than subjects without a night-time eating habit. In conclusion, night-time eating by university students may be a bad habit from the viewpoint of skipping breakfast, drinking alcohol, and eating a high fat diet. Therefore, in support of proper dietary management, it is necessary to form positive dietary habits, including night-time eating.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1994

This nutritional survey was conducted from January 20 to February 8, 1994, in order to investigate the nutritional knowledge, food habits, nutritional attitude, food preferences and nutrient intakes of housewives living in Andong district, rural area of Korea. The subjects of this survey were 181 rural housewives living in Andong area. The completely answered questionnaires were analyzed for nutritional knowledge, food habit, nutritional attitude, food preferences and nutrient intakes of rural housewives. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The subjects had a high level of perceived knowledge (79.9%), that is the knowledge that each subject believed she had, but the accuracy of the knowledge was only 66.6%. The average nutritional knowledge score was 7.93 out of possible 15 points, and food habit score was 5.08 out of 10 points. Most of the subjects belonged to "Fair" or "Poor" food habit group, which is considered to be relatively bad. With increasing age, the percentage of perceived knowledge, accuracy, and nutritional knowledge score were getting lower. Food habit score and nutritional attitude score were getting lower with increasing age, too. The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and food habit score was low(r=0.01). The correlation between nutritional attitude score and food habit was low, too(r=0.15). Food preferences for kimchi, cooked rice, potato, milk, beef, chicken, and carrot were high. Average calorie and protein intakes of the subjects were 1915.7㎉ and 77.0g respectively. The ratio of caloric nutrients intake was carbohydrate 65.9%, protein 14.9%, and fat 19.2%.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2017

Purpose: Clinical symptoms associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) can vary widely. Carrier state without apparent symptoms is relatively common during infancy. The objective of this study was to determine the association of C. difficile colonization with bowel habit change and the effect of C. difficile colonization treatment on restoration of normal bowel habit. Methods: Between 2006 and 2014, infants at 1 to 12 months of age with diarrhea for more than 2 weeks who did not improve with conservative care were recruited from Gachon University Gil Medical Center. Infants who were followed up for at least 7 days were included. The presence or absence of C. difficile colonization, effect of metronidazole, and other medical records were reviewed. To determine the association between CDI and bowel habit change, logistic regression analysis was used. Results: Of a total of 126 infants, 74 (58.7%) were male patients. Of the 126 patients, 27 (21.4%) had C. difficile colonization. Significant (p<0.05) risk factors for C. difficile colonization included artificial milk feeding (odds ratio [OR], 4.310; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.564-11.878), prior rotavirus vaccination (OR, 4.322; 95% CI, 1.018-18.349), and antibiotic use (OR, 4.798; 95% CI, 1.430-16.101). There was improvement in bowel habit after metronidazole therapy (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.79; p<0.05), regardless of the presence or absence of C. difficile colonization, Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between bowel habit change and C. difficile colonization during infancy. However, metronidazole can be used as an optional method to manage functional gastrointestinal disorders.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between dietary habits and time spent watching TV and using internet, in elementary school children. The data were collected by a questionnaire survey of 712 elementary school children, within Gwangju and Jeonnam area. The SPSS 12.0/win program was used to analyze the 523 samples. Amount of TV-watching time was found to be related to the dietary habit score in the subjects. The children who watch TV "less than 1 hour/day" on weekdays had a better dietary habit score than those who watch TV "more than 1 hour" (p<0.0001). The children who watch TV "less than 2 hours/day" on weekends had a better dietary habit than the children who watch TV "more than 2 hours/day" (p<0.0001). The internet usage was also related to the dietary habit score in these children: those who use internet "less than 1 hour/day" on weekdays had a better dietary habit score than the children who use internet "more than 2 hours/day" (p<0.0001). The children who use internet "less than 2 hours/day" on weekends had a better dietary habit score than the children who use internet "more than 2 hours/day" (p<0.0001). These results indicate that the children tend to have a better diet when their TV and internet time is limited and thus healthy dietary behavior is negatively associated with a sedentary pattern of activity in elementary school children.