• The Mathematical Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.127-144
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• 2000

School mathematics are composed of five major units of numbers& algebraic expressions, equations & inequalities, functions, figures, and statistics & probabilities. But if we look into the general activities of mathematics teachers in their class, they rather do not take into account students\` cognitive and affective traits or degree of difficulty which each of the unit has. For successful teaching of mathematics, teachers should take into consideration many affective items which influence the students\` scholastic achievement. Among them student\`s liking for the mathematics is commonly accepted as the most important factor for successful learning. In this study, with the five units of school mathematics, we investigated the students\` degree of likings for each unit. To fined out whether there are any differences in students\` likings for the mathematics, between regions and kind of schools, we classified the population according to the locations and kinds of schools. To do this, we divided the whole region into four parts such as Seoul, large city, medium city and town. Moreover, we partitioned the whole secondary school students into four groups of middle school students, vocational high school students, pro-science students of academic high schools, and pro-liberal arts students of academic high schools. From each partition, we sampled similar size of experimental groups which came up to total 1260 students. Analysing the answer sheets which the students responded about the questionnaire, we investigated the following questions using the ANOVA test. 1. Is there any differences in the trend of likings for each unit between the regional classifications? 2. Is there any differences in the trend of likings for each unit between the classifications of secondary schools? 3. What trends of changes are there in the degree of likings for each unit according to the rising of students\` grade?

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-18
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• 1997

This study was designed to compare the educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant and normal neonate for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 37 mothers of LBW and 60 mothers of normal neonate at 3 general hospitals in Seoul and Inchon. The data were collected during the period from July to November, 1996. The Educational Need for Infant Care was measuerd by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analized by descriptive statistics, non-paired t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA using SPSS PC/sup +/. The results were as fellow : 1) The educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant were higher than the mothers of normal neonate(F=14.50, P=.000). 2) There were significant associations between the educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant and delivery history(nullipara. or multipara. ) and caregiver of postpartum(t:-2.08, P=.045 ; F=3.94, P=.0282). 3) There were significant associations between the educational needs of the mothers of normal neonate and numbers of children and caregiver of postpartum(F=5.53, P=.0064 ; F=3.22, P=.0480) .4) The educational need by content was signs, symptomes and management of disorders (i. g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, vomiting etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i. g. feeding, diaper change etc.) at two groups. In conclusion, when the nurses teaching the method of infant care to mother, there sholud be in consideration of delivery history and caregiver of postpartum. Also, its educational contents must be Included of signs, symptomes and management of disorders.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.177-188
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• 2000

Mathematics is extreme the differences of the scholarly attainments in comparison with other subjects at a middle school. Specially, the students at islands and places leave much to be desired the scholarly attainments standards of mathematics. Therefore, every school takes movement class according to level these days. And the small schools put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups. These classes are effective at the scholarly attainments extension to some degree, but each student is extreme the differences of scholarly attainments. On this, the small school was the subject of study at the present research and put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups. The students were divided in three groups; the top class, average, the low class, And they were offered the fitting textbooks matching the cooperation of group work and the opportunities of discovery learning fitting an individual ability and standard. Consequently, some educational materials were made, for example, question papers, commonness learning materials, choice learning materials. These materials were put in effect to the students to be able to succeed discovery learning. With this, the students were investigated an interest of mathematics and the influence giving at the studies attainment. And the students were put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups to improve uniformity and sturdiness of the mathematical education. The conclusion at the present research is as follows. 1) When the students put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups, the scholarly attainments of mathematics totally didn't display useful changes as improvement. However, the students of average and the low class gradually seemed to improve the scholarly attainments of mathematics as the help of the top class positively. 2) An individual and cooperation learning in the method of the cooperation of group work through the small groups displayed many changes at the learning attitude of the students by means of discovery learning thanks to the learning heads. 3) When the investigator put in effect the cooperation of group work through rather the small groups than the large groups, the numbers of the students experiencing interest about mathematics increased in 26% and this learning method should continue to progress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1988

The analysis of the visual impairment and refractive errors among 4,004 school children in Seoul in 1986 with ancilliary questionnaire on various socio-environmental and visual factors was conducted. The number of the student with subnormal vision (0.7 or less) was 1,552 (38,8 %), and the rate of subnormal vision was increased with the higher grading of the school classes. Rate of myopes among the 1,552 students vision 0.7 or less consists of 52 % in primary school, 83.5 % in middle school, and 94 % in high school, and they were increased with the higher grading of the school class. The acutest increase of rates were observed at the stages of 2nd year class of male, and 1st year class of female at the middle school. Among the glasses-wearer of myopic students of vision 0.5 or less, the rate of adequately corrected cases was 42.5 %, whereas the overcorrected in 6.8 %, and undercorrected in 49.3 %. The main reasons of glasses negligence among the non-possessor of glasses with the vision of 0.5 or less were indicated in prominence of numbers of' "no complaints without glasses" (42 %). "unawareness of visual disturbance" (20%), "annoyance with wearing glasses" (13.4%), and "no permission from parents" (11.5 %) rather than the "economical reasons". The amblyopic components were estimated 126 cases (3.2%) in combination of refractive errors. According to the analysis of ancilliary questionnaire, the-conclusion with the statistical significance was that the myopization of the children's eyes appeared susceptible with a number of socio-environmental factors including the eating habits, length of T.V. watching period and distance, reading distance and type of illumination during near work, and school achievement. The possibility of prevention in some extents of progress of the myopia following the improvement of the relevant environmental factors in younger stage of children would be considered as deducible one.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how the symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the stress and depressive symptoms in Korean soldiers. Methods : Data were collected on 131 subjects through self-report using the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (K-AADHDS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Korean Wender Utah Rating Scale (K-WURS), and the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI-K). Student t-tests, Pearson Correlation, Logistic regression, and Path analysis were performed. Results : The scores related to adult ADHD symptoms on the K-AADHDS and K-WURS were correlated with stress scores on the BEPSI-K (r=0.529, p<0.001 and r=0.484, p<0.001) and with depressive symptoms on the CES-D (r=0.686, p<0.001 and r=0.628, p<0.001). Scores related to adult ADHD on the K-AADHDS were the most significant risk factors for stress (O.R=1.198, 95% CI=1.104-1.299), and depressive symptoms (O.R=1.306, p95% CI=1.112-1.534). Path analysis on depressive symptoms showed that adult ADHD symptoms affected stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusion : The results suggest that it may be important to consider the evaluation and treatment of adult ADHD in soldiers. Prospective studies with larger numbers of subjects are warranted to further explore the relevance of the present results.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

The study will furnish university students-oriented accessary market with preliminary data by virtue of university students' wearing accessary conditions. It conducted by 151 university students in Jeon-Nam and Jeon-Buk during october through november, 2014. The questionnaire is composed of 17 questions and used 151 out of 152 copies as the final data, except for one insufficient reply. The analysis method carried out a technological statistics such as frequency count, percentage, average and t-test for every questions, used by SPSS 20.0. The investigation result is as follows; The overall numbers of answerers were 151 people, 36 male and 115 female, and showed that they purchase accessaries of less than 20,000won in a jewelry shop. According to the 86.1% of university students' answers, the most well known brand is OST and then Metrocity(76.2%), Swarovski(68.9%) came after. The most visit count is to a jewelry shop, once or twice in a month, on-line shopping malls and department stores came after. Rings and bracelets are purchased once or twice in a month, and earrings are mainly put on. When purchasing accessaries, quality and scarcity design are the most significant conditions, getting the information through internet and fashion magazines. The ground of purchasing accessaries is for self-contentment and for coordinating with their fashion, and also the difficult maintenance as well as untangled wool are defined as uneasiness of using accessaries. Furthermore, the original goods are preferred for rings and necklaces, unlike earrings and bracelets.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.164-172
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine whether the 65 competencies, defined in "the role of Korean doctor, 2014", are suitable for basic medical education phase in Korea. It seeks to analyze the gap among the educational reality and expectation, assessment situation of the competencies above. We also try to define issues of the development, application and assessment phases of competency-based medical education (CBME) at individual medical schools. We designed survey tools based on the Miller's assessment pyramid (knowledge, explanation, demonstration, and performance) for each of the 65 competencies. The survey distributed to 41 medical schools in April 2015 and 38 replies were received (92.7%). Competencies that matched both the educational reality and expectation were numbers 1 (patient care), 33 (social accountability), and 49 (professionalism). However, all the other competencies ranked lower in current status than that of desirable level. 54 out of 65 competencies (83.07%) remained at the knowledge and explanation level when each competence were assessed. In the development, application, and assessment phases of CBME, common issues that medical schools commonly noted were difficulty linking competencies to curriculum preparation and student assessment, the lack of faculty's understanding, difficulty to reach consensus among faculties, and absence of teaching and learning methods and assessment tools that fits CBME. For the successful settle down of CBME, there is a need for efforts to develop the model of graduate outcomes, to share information and experience, and to operate faculty development program by the medical education communities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.560-569
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• 1999

This study was conducted with two science classes of the 8th grade students in Seoul during 4 weeks. The numbers of students in the classes were 37 and 38, and they were taught for 12 class hours. Questions obtained for 12 class hours from 75 students were analyzed and grouped into patterns. All together 1.108 questions from the students were classified into six categories: 'No Connection' (7%). 'Contradiction' (3%), 'Recall' (23%), 'Reframe' (40%), 'Application' (18%), and 'Extension' (9%). Irrelevant questions to learning and questions of false proposition were classified into 'No Connection' and 'Contradiction', respectively. Questions repeating what were already explained were grouped into 'Recall'. Those requiring other examples and/or additional explanations were grouped into 'Reframe'. Those requiring practical applications and/or explanations for other concrete facts were grouped into 'Application'. Finally. Questions for higher and/or other concepts were grouped into 'Extension'. We also discussed educational implications of the above categorized questions in this study.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.570-584
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• 1999

The units about electricity in 5th and 6th science curriculum for elementary school was analyzed and the elementary students' understanding of related concepts was investigated. This study was to make connection between the research about alternative concepts and writing textbooks. It was found that students' response had following characteristics. They had strong belief that the + and - ends of battery should be connected. However this belief was not complete because students did not understand that the other circuit elements had to be connected properly. When the circuit involve more than one bulbs or batteries, they counted the number of batteries or bulbs only and paid little attention to the connection of them. In explaining circuits and the brightness of the bulbs in the circuits. students tried to explains the circuit using scientific terms but failed to used them properly. Although the concept of resistance was not dealt explicitly. student had reasonable qualitative understanding about resistance. According to response of students, several suggestions might be made for the curriculum. The structure and the circuit elements and the proper connection needs to be taught. Also more emphasis is necessary to pay attention to the connection in addition to the numbers of bulbs or batteries. Finally, it needs to be investigated carefully if it is better to introduce some qualitative model to explain the amount of current through bulb depending on the connection and the number of bulbs. It might also be better to introduce some terms, such as current and resistance with the model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5517-5522
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• 2014

Oral contraceptive use is the most common type of contraception. More than 300 million women worldwide take oral contraceptives every day. However, there is a concern about the relationship with the incidence of cancer. This analytical retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of cervical and breast cancers and oral contraceptive use in 128 Iranian patients with cervical cancer, 235 with breast cancer and equal numbers of controls. Data were collected through interviews with an organized set of questions. Details were also extracted from patient files. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The result revealed correlations between both cervical and breast cancers and history of contraceptive pills use. While cervical cancer significantly correlated with duration of use of pills, breast cancer had significant correlations with the type of oral contraceptive and age at first use. No significant relationships were found between the two types of cancer and age at discontinuation of oral contraceptives, patterns of use, and intervals from the last use. The use of oral contraceptives may triple the incidence of cervical cancer and doubles the incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, performing Pap smears every six months and breast cancer screening are warranted for long-term oral contraceptive users.