• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2015

Purpose - This is a comparative study of the market development and characteristics of Ulsan in South Korea, Fukuoka in Japan, and Yanji in China, which are major East Sea Rim cities with adjacent areas of similar natural characteristics of the sea and the country. Particularly, it considers these aspects while focusing on the evolution of networks that appear in the distribution system and at the same time examining the institutions of market activation and regulations that are handled by the central and the local government and the changing logistics due to the development of transportation and the concern of food safety, using a meso-analysis approach. Research design, data, and methodology - The study used a historical and comparative approach with a focus on case studies. It made use of various materials such as local newspaper articles, reports, literature, interviews with experts, discussions with local merchants, discussions with customers, and so forth. Results - In the case of Fukuoka, from the 1960s, due to the entry of supermarkets, supermarkets expanded and they have now come to a dominant market position in the current market. They offer a convenient and comfortable environment while providing a large mall offering a variety of educational and cultural activities for customers to meet the customers' needs, such as the preferences of Korean tourists, who appear to prefer Japanese foods. The Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market has been exporting fruits and vegetables as well as seafood products to Korea, China, and so forth. In the case of Ulsan, as in the early 2000s, due to the expansion of supermarkets, the traditional markets have been shrinking and further, the modernization of traditional markets was conducted under the auspices of the Small Business Administration. In addition to the large discount malls, the expansion of SSM is expected to further drive the small trader bay. Shopping malls, department stores, and traditional markets contend with each other in Yanji, China, but a large number of citizens appear to prefer traditional markets and imported milk in the supermarket after the melamine scandal in China. Recently, the WanYuan (萬源) wholesale market has been partially completed and made an attempt to become a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Conclusions - For the development of Korea's retail industry, it is important to offer the government with proposals regarding desired regulation. On the other hand, in order to enable the business of traditional markets, it requires an association for cultural tourism. At present, it would be better to provide a venture fund for the youth rather than infrastructure support. This study emphasizes the importance of institutions and policy to develop networks in the East Sea Rim. Future studies should conduct a survey on customers, managers, and merchants more carefully and systematically to understand the market situation while considering the size of the city and its evolution of markets, as well as policies and institutions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.672-679
• /
• 2018

This paper describes a methodology for shape design using an optimal design system, whereas generally a three dimensional analysis is required for such designs. An automatic finite element mesh generation technique, which is based on fuzzy knowledge processing and computational geometry techniques, is incorporated into the system, together with a commercial FE analysis code and a commercial solid modeler. Also, with the aid of multilayer neural networks, the present system allows us to automatically obtain a design window, in which a number of satisfactory design solutions exist in a multi-dimensional design parameter space. The developed optimal design system is successfully applied to evaluate the structures that are used. This study used a stress gauge to measure the maximum stress affecting the parts of the side housing bracket which are most vulnerable to cracking. Thereafter, we used a tool to interpret the maximum stress value, while maintaining the same stress as that exerted on the spot. Furthermore, a stress analysis was performed with the typical shape maintained intact, SM490 used for the material and the minimizing weight safety coefficient set to 3, while keeping the maximum stress the same as or smaller than the allowable stress. In this paper, a side housing bracket with a comparably simple structure for 36 tons was optimized, however if the method developed in this study were applied to side housing brackets of different classes (tons), their quality would be greatly improved.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2016

In a performance-based design, the structural safety is estimated from pre-defined damage states and corresponding damage indices. Both damage states and damage indices are well defined for above-ground structures, but very limited studies have been performed on underground structures. In this study, we define the damage states and damage indices of a cut-and-cover box tunnel which is one of typical structures used in metro systems, under a seismic excitation from a series of inelastic frame analyses. Three damage states are defined in terms of the number of plastic hinges that develop within the structure. The damage index is defined as the ratio of the elastic moment to the yield moment. Through use of the proposed index, the inelastic behavior and failure mechanism of box tunnels can be simulated and predicted through elastic analysis. In addition, the damage indices are linked to free-field shear strains. Because the free-field shear strain can be easily calculated from a 1D site response analysis, the proposed method can be readily used in practice. Further studies are needed to determine the range of shear strains and associated uncertainties for various types of tunnels and site profiles. However, the inter-linked platform of damage state - damage index - shear wave velocity - shear strain provides a novel approach for estimating the inelastic response of tunnels, and can be widely used in practice for seismic designs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.4068-4076
• /
• 2013

The wheel-rail interaction forces are influenced by the velocity of vehicle, wheel load, alignment (curve radius, cant etc). For the safety of track structure, it is required to evaluate the influences for track and influential factors. Recently, the HEMU 430-X, which was developed by Next Generation High-Speed Rail Development R&D Project, achieved 421.4km/h in a test run of Daegu.Busan section of the Gyeongbu high speed rail on March in 2013. In the case of additional speed-up test on Test-Bed Section(Gongju.Jeongeup: KP 100~128km Osong starting point), the analysis of track forces is required for outer rail by the increase of dynamic force and centrifugal force of vehicle. In this paper, the vehicle speed variation on HSL line is evaluated by TPS analysis considering the tractive effort of HEMU 430-X, tested running resistance and alignment of Honam HSR. And the track forces are evaluated by centrifugal force and impact factor on curved track.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 2017

Although studies evaluating the effects of the blasting vibration on the adjacent structures from various angles have continued, cases of securing the safety of the adjacent buildings and researching the proper blasting method for the field condition by analyzing the vibration waveform of the measuring field while performing the open pit blasting are poor. Therefore, it is necessary to present a remedy for blasting pattern selection through test blasting that is appropriate for field conditions, and is economical and efficient. In this study, open pit blasting work was conducted based on the separation distance applied according to the standard blasting method by test blasting and the vibration regulation standard in the road expansion construction site to measure the blasting vibration value, and the vibration prediction equation by blasting methods was examined using a regression analysis computer program to calculate K, N, and R of the confidence level 95%. By setting the blasting allowed vibration standard of the test blasting target area to 0.3cm/sec, and the charring weight and blasting method by the separation distances according to the blasting vibration estimation equation of the open pit blasting guideline and the blasting vibration estimation equation of the test blasting were compared/analyzed, it was possible to identify the factors that increased the working expenses. In addition, the measurement and analysis of the adjacent structures during open pit blasting and the blasting vibration were performed after selecting the most adjacent structure to the open pit blasting spot to analyze the problems on the test blasting procedure and analysis method in the open pit blasting design/construction guidelines, which appeared in the process of completing open pit blasting construction, and a remedy is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2015

Gosan Yoon, Sundo's Gumswae-dong Garden Heritage has been designated as a National Historical Site 432 including Hyunsan old fortress wall. The site requires maintenance planning. For the plan, it also requires the consideration of Gosan's written documents describing the garden heritage and the site survey with on-site inspections for authentic maintenance approaches. It should be based on the thorough comprehension of historical remains. The site is a traditional ancient garden, so its approaches should be different with a historic structure and building. For the planning, the study conducts the interview of residents and experts, literature review, the investigation of historical materials, site survey, and the analysis of aerial photography. The results are following:5) Firstly, the paper suggests three types of an excavation area selection: core, recommend and investigation. Secondly, of 22 landscapes named by Gosan, it has the plan of guidance facilities, vegetation maintenance, safety facilities, landscape maintenance as view points, pathway maintenance, deck, and halting place. Thirdly, it also suggests pathway plan for authentic garden promenade according to the literature of Gumswaedong-Gi, an old map and aerial photography(1967, 1976, 1990), and interviews with residents. Fourthly, it suggests vegetation refurbishment at the site to check erection time and to require a preservation plan. In a case of no historic remains part, it also has a plan of amenities for visitors and wetlands for biodiversity of ecology and landscape. Finally, although it requires excavation and more historical evidences for the Hyunsan fortress wall, it suggests a maintenance plan of Pyeonchuksseong and Hyeopchuksseong partially.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.2242-2248
• /
• 2015

The damages from greenhouses collapsing due to heavy snowfall in winter are increasing, and the current frames of greenhouse are required to be improved. This study was conducted to seek solutions to improve intensities of greenhouse frame to bear heavy snows. We investigated a structural safety of greenhouses by calculating axial force, bending moment and combined stress when snow load was increased up to 30% of the current standard ground snow load of the conventional greenhouse types (07-single type 3, 07-single type 18) in the three regions (Gyeongju, Sokcho, and Gangneung) where were most damaged by recent heavy snows. In addition, we determined what structural type was most efficiently bear snow loads by measuring the differences between the load bearing strength according to the changes of tube diameter and thickness or the rafter spacing of greenhouses circular pipe. MIDAS GEN program was used in the analysis. As a result, with the snow load increase of 30%, greenhouse in Gyongju was still safe, but in Sokcho was at a risk, and in Gangneung was possible to be collapsed even in the current snow load. Increased pipe diameter than increased pipe thickness was more efficient in terms of improved performance of greenhouse structure. Accordingly, it is suggested to revise standards of greenhouse to increase pipe diameter of rafter for minimizing damages by heavy snow.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate operation system of current convenience store and competing retail store and to find out development of unattended convenience store. Operators can save labor cost and solve labor seeking when opening shop under suitable environment and commerce area, and assure of employee's safety. Customers are allowed to select commodity comfortably without disclosure of face and to shorten standby time at simple store opening, buying and paying and to produce convenient living environment by financing, delivery and goods control. This study examined effect and problems of operation of existing and unattended convenience store from point of view of visual merchandising to find out model of unattended convenience store and to strengthen competitiveness of convenience store business. Research design, data, and methodology - Research procedure of accomplishment of goal of the study was: The study investigated state of distribution business, and role and definition of VMD. First, VMD played an important role of promotion and competitiveness of unattended convenience stores. Second, the author investigated research and cases of unattended convenience stores 14 months, that is to say, from August 15, 2017 to October 15, 2018. Third, the author investigated on-the-spot three of common convenience stores, three of unattended convenience stores and three of retailers one month, that is to say, June 1, 2018 to July 1, 2018. The subject was convenience stores and retailers selling similar type of products at Seoul and metropolitan area. Results - Layout, selling place, brand identity, goods assortment, authentication system, product information cognition and control, buying and payment system, security system, salesmen, promotion and other services should be improved from point of view of merchandising. Structure, furniture, lighting, voice, façade, VP, PP, IP and POP should be developed. Conclusions - Unattended convenience stores saved operating cost and lessened labor and gave visitors convenience and comfortable shopping and made use of resources effectively. Further studies with quantitative analysis shall find out strategic conditions for promotion of unattended convenience stores.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.36 no.10
• /
• pp.839-844
• /
• 2012

Anemometer is a meteorological instrument that measures wind direction and wind speed in real time, and is mounted to the cranes that are used at ports, shipbuilding yards, off-shore structure, or construction sites that are influenced by wind, and it is used in conjunction with the safety system. Load cell-type anemometer measures the wind direction through the ratio of load between 4 positions by mounting the thin plate to 4 load cells, and measures wind velocity through the summation of loads. According to previous research, the load ratio between two adjacent windswept with respect to the wind direction has unstable value due to vortex around windswept. This causes the result that increases an error on the wind direction. In this study we compared and analyzed the difference between the load ratio with respect to three type windswept shapes in order to suggest the proper windswept shape to reduce this error. The computational fluid flow analysis is carried out with ANSYS CFX to analyze the load ratio between three windswept shapes. Wind direction was adopted as the design variable, and selected 9 wind direction conditions from $0^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$ with $11.25^{\circ}$ interval for computational fluid flow analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.68-78
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the individual-level and community-level factors in the ecological model on walking and to provide the basic data for a strategy that can increase walking for health promotion of adult workers. By combining the primary data of community health survey (CHS) (2011-2013) with the Korea national statistics annual book (2011-2013), the regional level variables were extracted from 253 municipal districts and the convergent big data with the hierarchical structure was produced. As a result, the increase in budget expenditure for public order and safety in social and cultural environment factors, the increase in budget expenditure for national and community land development in the leisure environment factors, and the number of buses in the transportation environment were increased by walking. In conclusion, walking was increased by the development of a community environment and bus transportation besides individual characteristics and behavior. Therefore, improving environment and public transportation will increase physical activity, such as walking, which will increase the health expectancy in community citizen workers.