• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2011

The objectives of this study are to identify specific functional genes which are related with growth and protein structure of the pectoral muscle of Korean native chicken. Pectoral muscle was isolated from three Korean native chickens (KNC, red brown, 12 months old, 2.41 ${\pm}$ 0.24 kg) and three Cornish chickens (16 month old, 2.76 ${\pm}$ 3.0 kg). The subtraction cDNA library was prepared in PCR4 Blunt-TOPO vector. The DNA sequence homology was compared with other breeds and species in GenBank. A clone NDS-81 was found to be unique for the DNA sequence homology with UBX family. Their partial sequence has high homology (98%) with chicken UBX domain D. Chicken UBX domain has chicken (93%), cattle (68%), dog (67%), mouse (64%) and, human (63%) nucleotide sequence homology. Several regions were mutated from T in chicken to C or G in the NDS-81 clone. The first site is LAD in chicken, but it was expressed as (L)RM in clone NDS-81. In this site, amino acids were changed from Ala to Arg, and from Asp to Met. The second site was changed from ER (Arg) in chicken to ED (Asp) in clone NDS-81. They are both containing functional side chains and play an important role in binding other proteins. Therefore, the clone NDS-81 could be a different candidate gene for the UBX family gene and could related with pectoral muscle structure of Korean native chicken.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1996

To learn how maximal locomotory speed of animals is defined in terms of hindlimb structure and muscle contractile function, take-off speed, hindlimb length, thigh muscle mass, shortening velocity and power of the sastrocnemius muscle were measured with one fast species, Rono nigromaculota and one relatively slowresponding species, Bombina orientalis. Take-off speed (m.sec-1) was greater in R. nigromoculata $(2.4\pm0.2SD, $ n: 14) than in the Bombino $(1.6\pm0.1SD, $ n=8). Stvle of the take-off response was a long-iump type in the Rano and a short-ranged hopping in the Bombing. Faster take-off capacity of the ranid frogs was supported by the longer hindlimb length (relative to body length) and the more massive thigh muscles (relative to body mass), compared to the Bombina. Further, the ranids exhibited faster maximal shortening velocity and Breater maximal power generateion than the Bombina [Vmax $(ML.sec-1)=11.79\pm1.69SD$ for the Runa and $9.74\pm1.27SD$ for the Bombina; Pmax $nW.kg-1)=222.42\pm42.42SD$ for the Rono and $169.03\pm34.52SD$ for the Bombinal. With more massive thigh muscles and greater mechanical power, the ranids would generate greater total power and thus higher energy release per unit time to muscle tissues for the burst take-off. As a consequence, biomechanical properties seen in the ranids seem to be more effective for frost take-off than in the Bombina.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2023

A 3-month-old Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) calf with difficulty taking normal posture and an inability to rise was referred for a definite diagnosis and active treatment, including surgery. The calf had a history of an accident in which both hind limbs were trapped in a barn structure. After admission, a "rabbit leg" posture was observed, a typical sign of gastrocnemius muscle rupture, and both digits were knuckled downward like they were trying to grip the ground. This was considered to be a result of the superficial digital flexor not rupturing but only the gastrocnemius muscle rupturing. Physical examination revealed laceration of the metatarsus and firmness behind both stifle joints which were presumed to be the sites of gastrocnemius muscle rupture. Skeletal abnormalities, including fractures, were ruled out by radiography. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral gastrocnemius muscle rupture, and surgery was performed to reconnect the head of the ruptured muscle. Because the rupture occurred perpendicular to the muscle direction, the locking loop technique, a method of suturing severed tendons, was used to reduce the tension. After surgery, the cast was used to prevent further injuries and promote voluntary rehabilitation. Follow-up was completed, with the calf showing normal posture and gait 112 days after surgery. This is the first case report in the Republic of Korea describing the successful diagnosis and treatment of bilateral gastrocnemius muscle rupture in a calf.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leg extension exercises performed on outdoor resistance exercise machines on knee extension muscle strength and quadriceps muscle group cross sectional area (CSA) in elderly women. Two groups were recruited for this study, including an exercise group (EG: n=13, $71.38{\pm}2.79$ yrs) and a control group (CG: n=5, $73.4{\pm}5.94$), In all subjects, maximum isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of knee flexion and extension were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex(R) Humac Norm Testing & Rehabilitation System, USA). Quadriceps muscle group CSA were measured using MRI (Philps, Intera 1.5 T, NE Netherlands). The results of this study showed that post-intervention isometric knee extension peak torque value were higher than pre-intervention measures in the EG. However, the EG did not show improvement in quadriceps muscle group CSA, Also, no differences in the shift of optimal knee joint angle were observed between pre and post-intervention exercise. Outdoor leg extension exercise showed small increases in muscle strength in comparison to other resistance training exercises. The results of this study suggest that because outdoor leg extension exercise machines lack a progressive loading mechanism, significant increases in muscle strength may not be obtained.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 2002

Seventy-four piglets were used to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu) on the mucosal structure and active absorption of small intestinal, DNA and RNA concentrations of skeletal muscle tissue in piglets during d 28 to 42 of age. Postweaning piglets were fed for 14 d corn- and soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 0.0 or 1.0% L-Gln or L-Glu. On d 7 and 14 postweaning, pigs' small intestinal sections and longissimus dorsi were collected, at the same time, the D-xylose absorption test was conducted. The results suggested that in comparison to control piglets, jejunal atrophy during the first week postweaning was prevented by the glutamine and glutamate supplementation (1%) and the capability of small intestine to absorb Dxylose was improved. Furthermore the RNA concentration in skeletal muscle tissue was increased. These results provide an experimental basis for use of glutamine and glutamate on alleviating the weaning stresses and improving piglets' growth performance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2012

A novel neuropeptide was isolated from the skin of the snakehead Channa argus using the dorsal retractor muscle (DRM) of a starfish Asterina pectinifera as a bioassay system. The amino acid sequence of the purified peptide was analyzed using automated sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrophotometry. The primary structure of the purified peptide was determined to be Pro-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu. To investigate the complete primary structure of this peptide, Pro- Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-OH and Pro-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-NH2 were synthesized. The chemical and pharmacological properties of the synthetic peptides were compared with those of the native peptide. Both the native peptide and synthetic Pro-Ala- Leu-Ala-Leu-OH had identical behaviors on the reverse-phase and cation-exchange HPLC chromatograms. Synthetic Pro-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-OH showed contractile activity on the DRM, and the threshold concentration of this peptide was approximately $10^{-8}$ M. The maximal contractile effect ($E_{max}$) of this peptide was $294{\pm}45.4$% at $10^{-5}$ M.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

Objectives Most of the acupuncture or dry needling points for trigger finger were limited around the metacarpophalangeal joint, A1 pulley, and flexor muscle tendon. Thus, this study aimed to report a case of a patient with trigger thumb which improved using dry needling on additional muscle points. Methods The author has investigated why additional points are needed including what its accompanying effects are. Dry needling and electro-dry needling have been conducted based on anatomical structure. Moreover, a follow-up observation was performed twice to evaluate if the effects of this treatment have been maintained. Treatment progress was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) and Quinnell's classification of trigger finger. Results After 28 days of treatment, NRS and Quinnell's trigger grade decreased significantly without adverse effects. The treatment effect has been maintained until follow-up observation. Conclusions Additional points are recommended for the radical treatment of trigger finger.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.78-80
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• 2000

A new murine TGF-$\beta$ family member, myostatin(growth/differentiation factor-8) is expressed specifically in developing and adult skeletal muscle and may be a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development. This study aims at characterization and identification of genomic organization of chicken myostatin gene. In thi study, we identified the genomic organization and sequence of chicken myostatin gene. Results of RT-PCR and Northern blots from various tissues showed different mRNA expression levels in developmental stages of chick embryos and demonstrated strong expression of myostatin mRNA in skeletal muscle. These facts suggest that chicken myostatin gene would play an important role not only in skeletal muscle cell but also in other tissues.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

Dorsal and ventral epithelium of leech, Whitemenia edentula, were observed, using both light and electron-microscope. Results are as follows. Epithelia are composed of simple columnar or irregularly-shaped epithelium, the transveral folds were seen in the cross-sectioned dorsal and ventral epithelia, but only longitudinal folds(depth $500{\mu}m$, width $350{\mu}m$) were discovered in the ventral epithelium. As to muscular tissue under the dorsal epithelium of Whitemenia edentula, that of longitudinal muscle layer is thicker and more developed than that of circular muscle layer. Seven gland cells (type-A, B, C, D, E, F and H cells) and one pigment cell (type-G cell) were discovered in the whitemenia edentula. Those were identified as three kinds of the neutral mucopolysaccharide granoles (type-A, B and F cells), two kinds of acidic mucopolysaccharide granules (type-C and D cells), and two kinds of non-reactive granules respectively (type-E and F cells). The glanules of the type-A and type-B gland cells ae electronly high-dense, and surrounded by the muscular tissue. As to the distribution of gland cells, the type-A, type-B, type-C, type-D, type-I and type-H gland cells were discovered only between the connective tissue and the circular muscle layer, while type-F gland cells were discovered only between tile circular muscle layer and the longitudinal muscle layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.6 s.171
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• pp.207-212
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• 2005

The purpose of this work is to develop the FES controller that can cope with the muscle fatigue which is one of the most important problems of current FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation). The feasibility of the proposed FES controller was evaluated by simulation. We used a fitness function to describe the effect of muscle fatigue and recovery process. The FES control system was developed based on the biological neuronal system. Specifically, we used PD (Proportional and Derivative) and GC (Gravity Compensation) control, which was described by the neuronal feedback structure. It was possible to control of multiple joints and muscles by using the phase-based PD and GC control method and the static optimization. As a result, the proposed FES control system could maintain the cycling motion in spite of the muscle fatigue. It is expected that the proposed FES controller will play an important role in the rehabilitation of SCI patient.