• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.994-1001
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• 2007

Changes in shear force value, transverse sections, myofibrils and intramuscular connective tissue of bovine skeletal muscle exposed to the combination of high-pressure up to 400 MPa and heat (30 and $60^{\circ}C$) were studied. The shear force value decreased by pressure-heat treatment up to 200 MPa at 30 and $60^{\circ}C$, and then slightly increased over 200 MPa at $30^{\circ}C$. Shear force values of treated muscles were lower than those of untreated ones. Gaps between muscle fibers in the untreated muscle were a little clear, and then they became very clear in the treated muscles up to 200 MPa at 30 and $60^{\circ}C$. However, the gaps reduced significantly over 200 MPa at $30^{\circ}C$. The remarkable rupture of I-band and loss of M-line materials progressed in the myofibrils with increasing pressure applied. However, degradation and loss of the Z-line in myofibrils observed in the muscle treated at $60^{\circ}C$ was not apparent in the muscle treated at $30^{\circ}C$. The length of the sarcomere initially contracted by pressure-heat treatment of 100 MPa at $30^{\circ}C$ seemed to have recovered with increase of the pressure up to 400 MPa. In the muscle treated at $60^{\circ}C$, the length of sarcomere gradually decreased with increase of the pressure up to 400 MPa. In the treated muscles, changes in the honeycomb-like structure of endomysium were observed and accelerated with increase of the pressure. A wavy appearance clearly observed at the inside surface of endomysium in the untreated muscles gradually decreased in the treated muscles with increase of the pressure. Tearing of the membrane was observed in the muscles treated over 150 MPa at $30^{\circ}C$, as observed in the sample pressurized at 100 MPa at $60^{\circ}C$. The roughening, disruption and fraying of the membrane were observed over 200 MPa at $60^{\circ}C$. From the results obtained, the combination of high-pressure and heat treatments seems to be effective to tenderize tough meat. The shear force value may have some relationship with deformation of intramuscular connective tissue and myofibrils.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 1998

The calcium-induced structural changes in the skeletal muscle regulatory protein troponin C (NTnC) involve a transition from a ‘closed’to an ‘open’structure with the concomitant exposure of a large hydrophobic interaction site for target proteins. Structural studies have served to define this conformational change and elucidate the mechanism of the linkage between calcium binding and the induced structural changes. There are now several structures of NTnC available from both NMR and X-ray crystallography. Comparison of the calcium bound structures reveals differences in the level of opening. We have considered the concept of a flexible open state of NTnC as a possible explanation for this apparent discrepancy. We also present simulations of the closed-to-open transition which are in agreement with the flexibility concept and with experimental energetics data.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

Background: A forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common types of poor head posture in patients with neck disorder. A prolonged FHP might increase pressure on the posterior cranio-cervical structure and exhibit reduced performance on a cranio-cervical flexion test (CCFT). CCFT is included to activate deep cervical flexor muscles and inhibit excessive activation of superficial cervical flexor muscles. Therefore, the selective activation of deep cervical flexors is needed for effective exercise for FHP. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle thickness between longus colli (Lco) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) using ultrasonography in subjects with FHP depending on head support. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case-control research design study. The ultrasonographic images of Lco and SCM were taken in 17 subjects with FHP during the 5 phases of the CCFT with and without a head support. Towel was used for supporting head to make the neutral head position in supine. Changes in muscle thickness during the test were calculated to infer muscle activation. Data were analyzed using repeated measures of two-way analysis of variance with the significance level of .05. Results: When subjects performed the CCFT with head support, there was a significant difference in muscle thickness of Lco and SCM (p<.05). According to a post hoc paired t-test, change of thickness of Lco was greater at all phases, and change of thickness of SCM muscle was less at phase 4 and 5 in condition with head support (p<.01) compared to condition without head support (p<.01). Conclusion: The result of this study suggest that applying head support for neutral head position during CCFT could be a useful method for activating Lco muscle without excessive activation of SCM muscle.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.223-229
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effects of an exercise program that combined lumbar stabilization exercise and muscle strengthening exercise and an exercise program that applied only lumbar muscle strengthening exercise on multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, static posture control ability, and low back pain in patients with CLBP. For the study method, 28 patients with CLBP were divided into two exercise propram groups and exercised three times a week for 8-weeks. The data analysis of this study used the t-test to compare before and after group exercise program application, and between each group (p<.05). As a result of the study, significant results were found before and after application of the exercise program within each group, such as multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, static posture control ability, and low back pain (p<.05). Between each group, the exercise program that combined lumbar stabilization exercise and muscle strengthening exercise was found to be more effective (p<.05). In conclusion, it was found that the exercise program with additional lumbar stabilization exercise improved the structure and function of various lumbar vertebrae and reduced lumbar pain.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 1999

This study was conducted for the histological observation of the infundibulum of the oviduct of the laying Korean native pheasants. The results are as follows : 1. The infundibular wall is composed of the epithelium, lamina propria, muscle layer(inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle), and serosa. The funnel lip is divided into the inner, and outer lip of the epithelium and muscle layer. 2. The epithelium of the funnel lip and most region of the cranial part of the funnel are composed of ciliated columnar cells. In the surface and lateral part of the folds, ciliated cells and non-ciliated secretory cells tend to alternate in the epithelium of the caudal funnel and the necks, but are also found in groups of the simple cuboidal epithelium at the bases of the grooves between the ridges and tubular glands found in the subepithelium. 3. The secretory material of the non-ciliated secretory cills contains PAS-positive and alcian blue-positive granules, and these materials show purple colour in the basic fuchsin-methylene blue stain. 4. The cells of the glandular groove and tubular gland of the neck portion of the oviduct mostly show weak PAS-positive, and alcian blue stain negative reaction. The tubular gland cells of the infndibulum contain pink of purple colour granules, and without reaction in the anterior neck portion of the infundibulum in basic fuchsin and methylene blue stain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.953-957
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• 2006

The eukaryotic elongation factor 1 A (EEF1A) participates in protein synthesis by forming the eEF1A GTP tRNA complex to deliver aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of ribosomes. This study described cDNA sequences and partial genomic structure of porcine EEF1A1. The porcine EEF1A1 gene encoded a protein with 462 amino acids, which shared complete homology with human, chimpanzee and dog. The temporal expression pattern showed the diversity of EEF1A1 level in mRNA was relatively minor in prenatal embryo skeletal muscle, however, the expression decreased during aging after birth in skeletal muscle of the Chinese Tongcheng pig. The spatial expression patterns indicated that the gene expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, kidney, fat and spleen. In addition, we assigned the gene to porcine chromosome 1 using a radiation hybrid panel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.17-25
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• 2002

Application of electrical stimulation in the red meat species (eg. beef and sheep) processing has been erratic around the world and this may reflect an incomplete knowledge of how to optimise the technology. Although it is well established that stimulation increases the rate of post-mortem glycolysis other biochemical and biophysical effects have been implicated with the use of this technology. On the basis of currently available knowledge, this mini-review seeks to examine the current theories about the effect of stimulation on post-mortem muscle. The classical view that stimulation prevents muscle from shortening excessively during rigor development has been expanded to include the possibility that it also results in physical disruption of muscle structure. The interaction of these effects with the acceleration of the rate of proteolysis through activation of the calpain protease system has not been comprehensively reviewed in the past. As a result of conclusion driven, this article highlights several areas that may prove fruitful for further research. The challenge for further development of electrical stimulation systems is optimisation of the activation of the enzyme systems in parallel with manipulation of chilling regimes so as to ensure rigor mortis is achieved at temperatures which minimise shortening. The potential of regional stimulation of sections of the carcass to achieve this outcome is worthy of study given the different fibre composition of muscles and temperature gradients.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.163-170
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• 2021

Peptides are naturally occurring biological molecules that are found in all living organisms. These biologically active peptides play a key role in various biological processes. The aim of this study is the extraction and the purification of bioactive materials that induce relaxation of an apical muscle from the pyloric caeca of Patiria pectinifera. The acidified pyloric caeca extract was partially separated by the solid phase extraction using a stepwise gradient on Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. Among the fractions, materials eluted with 60% methanol/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid was put a thorough of a series of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) steps to isolate a neuropeptide with relaxation activity. The purified compound was eluted at 28% acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid with retention time of 25.8 min on the CAPCELL-PAK C18 reversed-phase column. To determine the molecular weight and the amino acid sequence of the purified peptide, LC-MS and Edman degradation method were used, respectively. The primary structure of the peptide was determined to be FGMGGAYDPLSAGFTD which corresponded to the amino acid sequence of a starfish myorelaxant peptide (SMP) isotype (SMPb) found in the cDNA sequence encoding SMPa and its isotypes. In this study, a muscle relaxant neuropeptide (SMPb) has been isolated from pyloric caeca of starfish P. pectinifera. This is the first report of SMPb isolation on the protein level from P. pectinifera.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

In this paper, the neuromuscular electrical stimulation medical devices for non-implantable incontinence treatment other than vaginal insertion type was developed and commercialized. The structure of medical devices for electrical stimulation based on the anatomy of the pelvic floor muscle designed. Then, the optimum parameters that may be effective in pelvic floor muscle electrical stimulation was set. The circuit system based on the optimum parameters were designed and manufactured. The frequency of the pulse voltage for electrical stimulation is 75[Hz], the pulse width is 300[${\mu}s$], the development of medical devices was to have seven program functions to the various treatments. The circuit system of medical devices was composed of microcontroller, comparator and converter. The performance of the developed circuit system in KTC(Korea Testing Certification) were carried out medical equipment inspection test. Test results, test specifications were satisfied with the medical device, the performance was verified to be commercialized as a medical device. The development of medical devices were validated risk assessment and product performance through a software validation. Commercialization of medical equipment was acquired to enable the certification standards of the international standard IEC 60601-1.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of work environment and low back pain on the structural and muscle strength changes in lumbar spine to helpful for preventation and cure of low back pain. Methods : Through measuring of lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordotic angle, lumbar gravity line ratio analyzed structure of lumbar spine and using Trunk Extension Flexion Program of CYBEX NORM System(cybex770+TMC, USA) analyzed Flex. PT, Ext. PT, E/F ratio of lumbar spine of company employees given a medical examination. Results : According to work environment, lumbar gravity line ratio is higher in white collar group than in blue collar group, Ext. PT is significantly lower in white collar group than in blue collar group. According to low back pain or not, lumbar gravity line ratio, Ext. PT is lower in low back pain group than in non-low back pain group. Conclusions : Work environment and low back pain effects on the structural and muscle strength changes in lumbar spine.