• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.663-673
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• 2010

As a tool used for video maintenance, Video segmentation divides videos in hierarchical and structural manner. This technique can be considered as a core technique that can be applied commonly for various applications such as indexing, abstraction or retrieval. Conventional video segmentation used adaptive threshold to split video by calculating difference between consecutive frames and threshold value in window with fixed size. In this case, if the time difference between occurrences of cuts is less than the size of a window or there is much difference in neighbor feature, accurate detection is impossible. In this paper, Improved Adaptive threshold algorithm which enables determination of window size according to video format and reacts sensitively on change in neighbor feature is proposed to solve the problems above. Post-Processing method for decrement in error caused by camera flash and fast movement of large objects is applied. Evaluation result showed that there is 3.7% improvement in performance of detection compared to conventional method. In case of application of this method on modified video, the result showed 95.5% of reproducibility. Therefore, the proposed method is more accurated compared to conventional method and having reproducibility even in case of various modification of videos, it is applicable in various area as a video maintenance tool.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.425-436
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• 2019

This study constructs independent potential variables that are variables expected to affect child abuse reporting intention of child care teachers. In addition, this study establishes a research model based on the relationships between potential variables according to the results of previous studies and planning behavior theory. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors affect and how reporting intention is determined. The subjects of this study included a convenience sample of nursery teachers working in 67 daycare centers in the C region. The following results were obtained. First, the research model proposed in this study was found to be a suitable model to explain the child abuse teacher's intention to report child abuse through the analysis of the measurement and structural models. Second, the child abuse teacher's knowledge of child abuse is an important factor explaining the reporting intention and has an indirect effect through the mediation. Third, attitudes toward reporting of child care teachers were found to be the most direct factor that predicts reporting intentions. Fourth, subjective norms and reporting intentions of child care teachers were not statistically significant. Bsead on these results, basic data for improving child abuse reporting rate of childcare teachers were presented.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.6 no.1 s.19
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• pp.47-56
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• 2004

To determine the pure bond strength between substrate and its overlayed concrete material, a direct pull-off test method was introduced by using a bi-material cylinder with which a penny-shaped crack was mountained at its interface. First, to evaluate the stress magnification or concentration at the interface, the energy release rates of a penny-shaped interface crack in remote tension loading on a bi-material cylinder were determined in terms of different modulus ratios and undonded area ratios(crack ratios) using a commercial finite element program. Then the energy release rates were calibrated as non-dimensional values in consideration of structural dimensions and applied forces. And to evaluate whether this new pull-off test method gives sound test results, three different sizes of unbended area ratios were incorporated along their interface in bi-material cylinders(sulphur polymer concrete + old concrete). Test results showed that all specimens were broken off at their interfaces as intended. Also the FEM analyses and test results indicated that a bi-material specimen with unbended area ratio of 0.4$\sim$0.6 is suitable for best accurate testing.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 1995

Four malformin A's produced by Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. were separated by HPLC equipped with $C_{18}$ reversed-phase column and subjected to structural determination. Amino acid analyses and mass spectra data of the compounds indicate that they structurally resemble the cyclic pentapeptide malformin $A_1$. Their structures were deduced by two dimensional NMR and MS/MS experiments as cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-Ile for $A_1$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-Val for $A_2$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-Leu for $A_3$, and cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Ile-L-Val for $A_4$. Among the mal-formin A's, the structure of $A_3$ was identical to that of malformin C, which was produced by A. niger strain AN-1. All the malformin A's caused severe curvatures of corn(Zea mays L.) roots and the activities of the malformin A's with molecular weight 529 were greater than those with molecular weight 515. Malformin $A_1$ caused the corn root curvature by 83% at a concentration of $0.25{\mu}M$. In the mung bean(Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) hypercotyl segment test, however, the molecular weight of malformin A's was not a factor influencing the physiological activities. Malformin $A_1$ stimulated the growth of mung bean hypercotyles by 165% at a $0.1{\mu}M$ concentration.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.369-379
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• 1985

The geological structures and some of the stratigraphy in the area studied are being thought to be ambiguous and controvertible. The present study intended to clarify these ambiguities by correct interpretation of the geological structures and lithostratigraphy of the area concerned. The so-called "Sambangsan formation", which was designated as an unknown age by the Taebaksan Geological Investigation Corps (1962) and as the mid Cambrian age by T. Kobayashi (1966) and I.S. Kim (1983), has been determined by the present study as the $Hongj{\breve{o}}m$ series of Carbo-Permian age resting unconformably on the Cambro-Ordovician limestone formations. This determination was supported by conodont study concurrently carried out by I.S.Kim. The so-called "Daehari formation", which was renamed by the later study group after the original "Sambangsan formation" distributed in the area from southwest of Sambangsan toward southwest to $Juch{\breve{o}}n$, possesses more or less the same lithlogy as "Sambangsan formation" of the old designation in the eastern of the area, but different lithology in the western localities where Sadong formation, the basal sandstone member of the Kobangsan formation and the green shale member of the Nokam formation are cropped out. The narrow belt of the complex mixture of the $Py{\breve{o}}ngan$ group in-between limestone formations extending over 16km with a width of 500m to 1000m was formed by the faults: the northern boundary with the limestone formations is a fault contact all the way through entire area and the southern boundary is either fault contact in most of the area and unconformity in some other area. The $Hongj{\breve{o}}m$ formation on the Mt. Sambangsan shows rather steeply dipping nearly isoclinal folds which plunges $10^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$ southward. There are also field evidences that the limestone formations distributed in both north and south of the Hongjom formation (erstwhile "Sambangsan formation") along the Sambangsan ridge are the same formations and show the same folding as the $Hongj{\breve{o}}m$ formation. Therefore, these limestone formations should be rezoned in the light of the new structural interpretation although they were differently designated in the previous studies as $Py{\breve{o}}ngchang$ and $Y{\breve{o}}ngw{\breve{o}}l$-type of the Joson Group. The structures developed in the area mostly faults, which acted as one of the guides for the new interpretation of the geology and structure of the area are described and shown on the geologic map.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.532-541
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• 2008

A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of the independent variables of NaOH concentration(X1) and extraction time(X2) on dependent variables such as Yield(Y1), Xyl/Ara ratio(Y2), uronic acid(Y3), $\beta$-glucan(Y4) and total sugars(Y5) of hemicelluloses separated from rice bran. The Coefficients of determination(R2) in various models ranged from 0.8626 to 0.9319. Yield increased with increased NaOH concentration and extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were NaOH concentration at 2.45M and extraction time of 24.2 h. Predicted values at the optimized conditions were acceptable, compared with experimental values. The structural characteristics of an optimum hemicellulose extract were explored. As a result, it showed that the surfaces of hemicellulose had a highly irregular reticulated structure. And also it was both small and large molecular particle in the hemicelluloses. Their average molecular weights were in the ranges $235{\sim}240$ kDa and $8.0{\sim}9.4kDa$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.91-100
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• 2012

Wireless monitoring system for the structural health evaluation has a limit to the reliability of measured response. The objective of this study is to evaluate an effective measurement range of the wireless monitoring system on the analyzed data. For the wireless monitoring system, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are applied to datalogger-receiver and receiver-personal computer, respectively. For the model of the monopile structure response, a laboratory-scale monopile is manufactured with Mono Cast Nylon and a lateral loading is applied by hammer impacting. Strain gauges attached on the model monopile are connected with the datalogger. The distances of datalogger-receiver and receiver-personal computer are changed for the evaluation of the measurement range. Experimental results show that the receiving rates of the response remain almost constant within limited distance, while the receiving rates dramatically decrease out of effective range. In addition, the receiving rates affect on the measured natural frequencies of the model monopile. This study suggests that the effective range evaluation of the wireless monitoring system may be used for the determination of a monitoring distance to the monopile installed in the offshore wind farm.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2012

This study analyzed the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Schizandra chinensis Baillon against food pathogenic microorganisms to determine its capabilities as a natural antimicrobial agent. A paper disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, and time-kill assay showed that the ethanol extract strongly inhibits the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Release of cytoplasmic ${\beta}$-galactosidase was detected in E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa treated with the ethanol extract. An increase of outer membrane permeability caused by the ethanol extract was also observed. An outward flow of cell constituents was detected in the Gram negative strains treated with the ethanol extract. These results imply that the inner and outer membranes of cells were partially destroyed and cell constituents were released by the treatment of the S. chinensis Baillon ethanol extract. The results of this study indicate that ethanol extract of S. chinensis Baillon evidences a fairly good antibacterial effect.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 1992

Fatigue crack initiation life has a wide scatter and this makes the fatigue design of structural members difficult. In order to make the fatigue life distribution clear, it is required to prepare a large number of specimens and repeat the fatigue tests under the same loading condition. Such fatigue tests usually take much time and cost. In this study, a fatigue testing method using a multi-notched test specimen for the purpose of estimating the distribution function of fatigue crack initiation life by small number of fatigue tests is used. The purpose of this study is to verify the above fatigue testing method of a multi-notched specimen by using Bayesian reliability analysis, Least square method and Skewness method for the determination of unknown Weibull parameters. The multi-notched specimen is a specimen in which several tens of statistically identical notches are prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 1974

Extended H ckel Theory and CNDO/2 MO calculation methods have been applied to $C_6H_5YCH_2Cl$(Y = None, -$CH_2$-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -$SO_2$-). It has been shown that charge distributions in molecules are mainly controlled by the migration of valence inactive electron, giving the order of ${\sigma}$-acceptor and ${\pi}$-donor effects -O- > -S- > -$CH_2$- > -$SO_2$-. The -CO- group exceptionally acts as ${\sigma}$-donor and ${\pi}$-acceptor. It was also predicted that, $S_N2$ reactivities of C$C_6H_5YCH_2Cl$ would be in the order of -O-${\thickapprox}$-CO- >>-S-${\thickapprox}$None > -$CH_2$-, neglecting solvent effect. From the results of our studies, we conclude that the structural factors influencing 의 $S_N$ reactivities will be: (1) positive charge developments on reaction center carbon atom (2) energy level of ${\sigma}$-antibonding unoccupied MO with respect to C-Cl bond. (3) ${\sigma}$-antibonding strength of C-Cl bond at that level.