• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.394-398
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• 1981

Two types of Ni(II)-polyethyleneimine (PEI) complexes, [Ni(PEI)]$Cl_2$ and [Ni(P-EI)$Cl_2$] were synthesized and their catalytic activities in the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide were investigated. For the purpose of comparison, the corresponding monomeric complexes, $[Ni(en)_3]Cl_2$ and $[Ni(en)_2Cl_2$ were also prepared; it was observed that their activities increase in the following order; $0{\approx}[Ni(en)_3]Cl_2{\le}[Ni(en)_2Cl_2]<[Ni(PEI)]Cl_2<[Ni(PEI)Cl_2]$ On the basis of structural analysis by means of visible and infrared spectroscopy, the catalytic activiy of these Ni(II)-PEI complexes is assumed to depend on the bond strength between the ligand and the nickel ion.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2013

The Cu cation binding sites of $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex have been investigated to explain the $[Cu{\cdot}DNA]$ biological activity caused by the Cu association to DNA. The structure of $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The fragmentation patterns of $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex were analyzed by MS/MS spectra. In the MS/MS spectra of $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex, three fragment ions were observed with the loss of d(CpG), {d(CpG) + Cyt}, and {d(CpG) + Cyt + dR}. The Cu cation binds to d(CpG) mainly by substituting the $H^+$ of phosphate group. Simultaneously, the Cu cation prefers to bind to a guanine base rather than a cytosine base. Five possible geometries were considered in the attempt to optimize the $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex structure. The ab initio calculations were performed at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

Demolition work is a precedence activity that is performed earlier than other remodeling activities. And demolition work is one of the critical path activities. So, demolition work is needed for systematic plan and management. However, contractors of the remodeling project established a rough plan and did not consider recycling wastes, safety of workers and structural stable of building. To improve this problem, a eco-friend process model of remodeling project is needed to be established. The process model is composed of five phases; 1) survey and analysis of general condition of demolition work, 2) prepare documents of demolition work 3) establishing demolition work plan, 4) demolition and inspection, 5) post-demolition management. Especially, demolition documents are based on establishing WBS, selecting the equipment and method, waste management and structure reinforcement. A process model of eco-friend demolition work is developed by using IDEF0 method.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.597-604
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• 2011

Using 108 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seawater, we investigated ampicillin-resistance profiles and the genetic characterization of ${\beta}$-lactamase (VPA0477). All of the strains studied, except one strain, were resistant to ampicillin. However, the strain that was susceptible to ampicillin had the same ${\beta}$-lactamase gene as the ampicillin-resistant strains. We compared ${\beta}$-lactamase promoter region sequences among five strains, including both ampicillin-resistant and -susceptible strains. In the susceptible strain, a nucleotide at position -19 in the methionine initiation codon for ${\beta}$-lactamase was not present in the ampicillin-resistant strains. The genes in the region containing the gene VPA0477 were present in all of the tested strains, and LA-PCR analysis showed that the distance between VPA0474 and VPA0479 in all of the V. parahaemolyticus samples was precisely 5.7 kb. In V. parahaemolyticus ${\beta}$-lactamase, four important structural features that are conserved in Class A ${\beta}$-lactamases were present in the deduced amino acid sequences. Taken together, our study demonstrates that V. parahaemolyticus ${\beta}$-lactamase is included in the Class A ${\beta}$-lactamase group, and some nucleotides within the promoter region are of particular importance for ${\beta}$-lactamase activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2017

As the global uncertainty of manufacturing has increased and the quality problem has become global, the recall has become a fatal risk that determines the durability of the company. In addition, as the convergence of PSS (product-service system) product becomes common due to the development of IT convergence technology, if the function of any part of hardware or software does not operate normally, there will be a problem in the entire function of PSS product. In order to manage the quality of such PSS products in a stable manner, a new approaches is needed to analyze and manage the hardware and software parts at the same time. However, the Fishbone diagram, FTA, and FMEA, which are widely used to interpret the current quality problem, are not suitable for analyzing the quality problem by considering the hardware and software at the same time. In this paper, a quality risk assessment model combining FTA and FMEA based on defect rate to be assessed daily on site to manage quality and fishbone diagram used in group activity to solve defective problem. The proposed FTA-FMEA based risk assessment model considers the system structure characteristics of the defect factors in terms of the relationship between hardware and software, and further recognizes and manages them as risk. In order to evaluate the proposed model, we applied the functions of ITS (intelligent transportation system). It is expected that the proposed model will be more effective in assessing quality risks of PSS products because it evaluates the structural characteristics of products and causes of defects considering hardware and software together.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.177-179
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• 2005

Nine known diarylheptanoids (1-9) isolated from the barks of Alnus japonica were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) and prostagrandin $E_2$ (COX-2) production in interferon-${\gamma}$ (INF-${\gamma}$) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. The NO and COX-2 levels were moderately reduced by the addition of compounds (1-9). Among these compounds, compounds 6 and 8 inhibited NO production in a dose dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ of 16.7 and $27.2\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively (positive control, L-NMMA; $22.8\;{\mu}g/mL$), and compounds 6, 7, 8, and 9 reduced the COX-2 level in a dose dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ of 20.7, 25.7, 25.0, and $27.3\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively (positive control, indomethacin; $26.2\;{\mu}g/mL$). An analysis of the structural activity relationship among these diarylheptanoids suggests that the presence of a keto-enol group in the heptane moiety or a caffeoyl group in the aromatic ring were important for the efficacy on the inhibitory activities of NO and COX-2 production.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2006

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also known as histamine releasing factor (HRF), is found abundantly in different eukaryotic cell types. The sequence homology of TCTP between different species is very high, belonging to the MSS4/DSS4 superfamily of proteins. TCTP is involved in both cell growth and human late allergy reaction, as well as having a calcium binding property; however, its primary biological functions remain to be clearly elucidated. In regard to many possible functions, the TCTP of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is known to bind with an antimalarial agent, artemisinin, which is activated by heme. It is assumed that the endoperoxide-bridge of artemisinin is opened up by heme to form a free radical, which then eventually alkylates, probably to the Cys14 of PfTCTP. Study of the docking of artemisinin with heme, and subsequently with PfTCTP, was carried out to verify the above hypothesis on the basis of structural interactions. The three dimensional (3D) structure of PfTCTP was built by homology modeling, using the NMR structure of the TCTP of Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a template. The quality of the model was examined based on its secondary structure and biological function, as well as with the use of structure evaluating programs. The interactions between artemisinin, heme and PfTCTP were then studied using the docking program, FlexiDock. The center of the peroxide bond of artemisinin and the Fe of heme were docked within a short distance of $2.6{\AA}$, implying the strong possibility of an interaction between the two molecules, as proposed. When the activated form of artemisinin was docked on the PfTCTP, the C4-radical of the drug faced towards the sulfur of Cys14 within a distance of $2.48{\AA}$, again suggesting the possibility of alkylation having occurred. These results confirm the proposed mechanism of the antimalarial effect of artemisinin, which will provide a reliable method for establishing the mechanism of its biological activity using a molecular modeling study.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.117-135
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• 2005

This paper is a study of the possibility of experience and expression in the architecture of Louis I. Kahn by focusing on the characters of entrance, court and window/wall of his public buildings. In the course of composition, Kahn defined the entrance, court and window/wall as an connecting elements and elements of boundary. The characters revealed by these elements or rooms give the clue to insight Kahn's thought of relation of interior and exterior space or inner and outer space. Following are the characters of these elements. First, a entrance reveals the fact that inner space separates from outer space by connecting these two space and giving the value to inner space as the entity and totality like outer space. The entrance gives its ontological being to human subjects not by vision but experience and expression which is the essence of commonness, that is, Silence. Kahn made the possibility of activity amplify in this common and silent space. Second, this entrance is connected with wide and huge central space not individual spaces of interior space. This extreme procedure of entering makes human subject feel sublime of intoner space. And the central spaces becomes another exterior or another world in the inner world of architecture by the lights from above and by having the boundary wall which shows same pattern of exterior wall. Third, Kahn regarded a window as the giver of lights not as the medium of vision connecting inner space with outer. He tried to connect interior with exterior through the being and character of the light expressed in the interior. And in his buildings, interior space is connected with exterior by expressing the purpose of building, composition of inner space, structural truth and construction facts through the Form, a pattern of wall, details and ornamental joints. By practicing this thoughts in the real buildings, Kahn tried to gave aura to both the interior space and entity of architecture which is regarded as micro universe like flowers, rocks and human beings.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1377-1386
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• 2015

GDP gap is closely related with economic activity of a country as a whole, especially with the economic fluctuations which is called business cycle. GDP gap is regarded as an important variable for the monetary policy of the central bank because it provides information on the excess demand pressures and employment matters. However, GDP gap may not provide enough information of the effect of recent economic structural change or the environmental change of domestic and external economic condition. In this paper, the GDP is decomposed by statistical filtering techniques and various models are fitted to estimate the influence of GDP gap on Inflation and see if it has been changed. Analysis results show that the influence of GDP gap on inflation decreased in the 2000s while that of global GDP gap increased. These results also support that recent low inflation rate is due to the change of overseas economic condition, such as a slowdown in exports resulting from the global recession, as well as domestic factors.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

This study aims to examine the characteristics of the changes in residents' perception of neighborhood and sense of neighborhood according to the residential structural changes caused by city renewal projects such as old urban large redevelopment. Research findings benefits of the residential environment changes after the development are environment improvement, convenient traffic, leisure activity increase, and green area increase, whereas their drawbacks are encroachment of sunshine and view, However, with the regard to the relationship with neighbors, paired-sample t-test results showed there were no statistically significant differences between before and after the development. It appeared to be that the community residential complex development did not influence the relationship with neighbors. ANOVA was used to examine the differences in the neighborhood perception among age categories. The results showed that there were no differences between age groups but when there were changes in their life cycle, residents showed differences in their neighborhood perception among age groups. The neighborhood perception was measured on 5-point Likert Scale in four factors of intimacy, participation, reliability, and group identity. The perception decreased somewhat after the development and the group identity, especially, showed a significant difference (p<.001). This was considered to be caused by a sense of incongruity due to the influx of different social-economic groups.