• The Mathematical Education
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.407-434
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop and verify the TPACK measurement tool for middle and high school mathematics teachers in the Korean context. Also, by clarifying the relationship between subordinate factors of Mathematics teachers' TPACK, an attempt was made to provide suggestions on the designs and directions for the in-service and pre-service teacher education and the programs for improving mathematics teachers' TPACK in the future. In order to achieve this goal, TPACK factors of mathematics teachers were extracted by reviewing literature on PCK, MKT, and TPACK. Then, content validity, basic statistical survey, reliability verification, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model verification were conducted sequentially. At first, preliminary analysis was carried out on 79 mathematics teachers, and 76 items excluding the items with extreme value and reliability were included in the basic statistical analysis. And secondly, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 376 mathematics teachers, and this instrument consisted of 7 subordinate factors(CK, PK, TK, PCK, TCK, TPK, TPACK) and 61 items. Also by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model test with 254 mathematics teachers, the measurement tool was confirmed the validity and reliability through statistically significant analysis. Then, the importance of integrated knowledge was confirmed by looking at the relationship between the TPACK factors of in-service mathematics teachers. The integrated knowledge(PCK, TCK, TPK) has played a crucial role in the formation of TPACK rather than the knowledge of CK, PK, and TK alone. Finally, the validity of TCK was confirmed through the structural equation modeling of TPACK. TCK not only directly affected TPACK, but also indirectly through TPK. According to these affirmative results, this measurement tool is claimed to be suitable for measuring the factors of Mathematics teachers' TPACK, and also the structural equation model can be regarded as a suitable model for analyzing the structural relationship of mathematics teachers' TPACK.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2013

Meanwhile, the importance of managing factors affecting labor productivity has been recognized and emphasized. However, in the previous study, qualitative evaluation only took place for these factors. In this study, therefore, identified and quantified the priority of factors decreasing labor productivity, and established basic data.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.455-464
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to explain and identify the frame of structural relations of learning orientation, self-efficacy, learning transfer and job performance of farmers who participated in the strong and small farms education. This is an experimental research with the data collected from 495 farmers who have taken the farm education. Based on the collected data, the study conducted a structural equation modeling(SEM) to confirm the validity and analyze the structural relations of the suggested model. Using measured and latent variables drew from the analyses, the study set a structural equation model and tested the model by analysis of the structural equation modeling with AMOS 18.0. The results found from the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. 1) Learning orientation and self-efficacy positively influenced job performance through learning transfer. 2) The hypothesis that learning orientation would have direct impact on job performance was not supported. 3) The strong and small farms education is useful to expand learning transfer and to enhance job performance. So, government policy support has to reinforce learning support on farmers in order to achieve high performance of learning and job management through farm educations.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.935-949
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship among the self-efficacy, self-directed learning ability, school adjustment and learning flow in middle school students by the structural equation modeling analysis. The subjects of this study consisted of 553 middle school students. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and structural equation modeling analysis by using the SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 statistical program. The results of this study were as followed: First, there were significant correlations among the self-efficacy, self-directed learning ability, school adjustment and learning flow. Second, the self-directed learning ability and school adjustment directly affected the learning flow. Third, self-efficacy and school adjustment variables indirectly affected learning flow. The indices of the best fit model on these variable were adequate. This study shows that the self-efficacy, self-directed learning ability, school adjustment are the significant predictor for the learning flow during adolescent.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of appearance management cognition on attitude toward appearance management and the effect of this attitude on appearance management behavior. It also examines how demographic factors affect these relationships. This study gave a questionnaire survey to adults between the ages of 40 and 50 in Seoul, Daegu, and Ulsan, South Korea. Data collected from 368 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The study model was tested by structural equation modeling, the results of which revealed a positive effect of appearance management cognition on attitude toward appearance management and a positive effect of attitude toward appearance management on appearance management behavior. The results of t-testing showed that there were significant differences in cognition, attitude, and behavior toward appearance management by gender, age, educational level, and income.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.77-84
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore factors affecting the effect of e-learning, and to find out the casual relationship among these factors. Subjects are 2,091 students who have participated in e-learning based class during the period of second semester in 2013. Those of them, 1,732 students response to the survey questions. After gathering data, they are analyzed by using Confirmative Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. From the result of Confirmative Factor analysis, data have reduced four factors, and are named as four latent variables likes e-learning effect, contents satisfaction, managing assistant factor, and system functional factor. From the result of Structural Equation Modeling, it is known as the relation and impact among factors: (a) "managing assistant factor" affects to "contents satisfaction" directly. (b) "contents satisfaction" affects to "e-learning effect" directly. (c) "system function factor" affects directly to "contents satisfaction", but does not affect directly to "e-learning effect". (d) both "managing assistant factor" and "system function factor" have an indirect effect on "e-learning effect" via "contents satisfaction".

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.199-212
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• 2012

This study focuses on the influence of followership on leadership and empowerment, and to verify based on the control variables taken in IT SME's to enhance competitiveness through innovation and improvement plan that have been taken. Because there can be a lot of information to be taken, the laws of Moderated Regression Multiple analysis(MMR) were used. Amos, due to the moderating effect of Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) has been employed to re-verify the results seen with Moderated Regression Multiple analysis. The paper focuses on determining whether transformational leadership or transactional leadership is effective as shown by the levels of empowerment derived from these two types of leadership under study. As a result, both the Moderated Regression Multiple analysis and structural equation model searched information on transformational and followership for empowerment having moderating effects. In the Moderated Regression Multiple analysis, results showed that empowerment for leadership in business in the regulation of followership role appeared not to be seen. However, using the structural equation modeling, moderating effects have been found.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The purpose of study is to come up with ideas to improve both the use of the public bicycle and the practicality of the public bicycle system as well. METHODS : The study carried out an analysis on factors which would influence user's satisfaction by using a structural equation and then, discussed what the current public bicycle system should do to make improvements of its own. In order to Satisfaction of the public bicycle system("Tashu") in Daejeon city survey was conducted users and was based on statistical analysis SPSS 20 program, structural equation modeling program AMOS 20 was used for analysis. In addition, the reliability and validity of each question was conducted verification, to verify the hypothesis using structural equation model. RESULTS : According to the results of the analysis with the structural equation used, the connectivity, the convenience, the economic efficiency and the reliability in order were observed to have an influence on the satisfaction of the users CONCLUSIONS : The connectivity turned out to be a factor that would have the greatest concern with the satisfaction of the users. This finding was, therefore, interpreted that people who would ride the public bicycles understand them as more of a transit system that would take them, the people themselves, to another transfer rather than as some immediate transit system.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 1995

The study summarized in this paper is concerned with the buckling of longitudinal bars in reinforced concrete columns with numerical analysis method. The objectives of this study are (1) to investigate the stress transfer mechanism between concrete and reinforcement and (2) to propose a modeling equation. The results give an acceptable agreement between the proposed modeling equation and published computer packages as follows; (1) the proposed equation is a possible of strain softening of concrete and buckling of reinforcement. (2) the buckling of longitudinal bar is mainly influenced by spacing of hoop and location of the bar

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.87-94
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• 1993

The study summarized in this paper is concerned with the buckling of a longitudinal bar in reinforced concrete members by numerical analysis method. The objectives of this study are to investigate the stress transfer mechanism between concrete and reinforcment and to propose a modeling equation. The result gives an acceptable agreement between the proposed modeling equation and the computer package as follows: (1) the proposed equation is a possible prediction of the strain softening of concrete and reinforcement buckling. (2) the buckling of longitudinal bars is mainly influenced by the spacing of hoops and the location of the bar.