• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.608-619
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• 1998

The small and the large intestine of swine represent the organs that extract nutrients from feedstuffs through digestion and fermentation and that allow their absorption and incorporation into the blood circulation. Special attention is directed towards the small intestine of young pigs since the transition to a solid diet at weaning exerts major impacts on the structural and functional integrity of the small intestine. Dietary factors involved in postweaning changes of gut morphology and biochemistry such as removal of bioactive compounds in sows milk at weaning, anti-nutritional factors in weaner diets, dietary fiber and the role of voluntary feed intake will be elucidated. The microbial function of the large intestine which is carried out by a diverse population of microorganisms is dependent on substrate availability. Short chain fatty acids as main fermentation products contribute to the energy supply of the host but they are also important for the maintenance of the morphological and functional integrity of the epithelium in the colon. As a result of bacterial nitrogen assimilation in the large intestine, nitrogen is shifted from the urinary to the fecal excretion route thus saving metabolic energy to the pig because less ammonia would become available for conversion to urea.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.814-827
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• 2012

This study analyzed the presentation trend of a checklist method for trench coat designs. Through this analysis, this study examined the flow of trench coat designs and presents future design directions. Research was conducted in the following method. A total of 1,307 female trench coat photos were selected from the photos presented in the top 4 collections from 2006 to 2011. These photos were used for analysis and frequency analysis was conducted. Among the checklist methods presented in trench coats, the modification type was most common, followed by the elimination type, conversion type, combination type, minimization type, addition type, and magnification type, respectively. Checklist methods were continuously presented even while increasing and decreasing according to the year and season. This showed that it was highly possible for checklist methods to be continuously applied in future trench coat designs. Generally, a high frequency of appearance was shown in 2010 and during the F/W season. According to the development direction of future trench coat designs applied with the checklist method, it is predicted that the modification type and the elimination type (which have generally displayed high appearance frequency) will be continuously magnified in the future. In particular, it is expected modifications in structural details (which have showed an upward trend in 2011) will be further magnified.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.728-731
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is to perform measurements of vibration intensity of a coupled beam. The propagation of flexural waves generates the out of plane vibration of the coupled beam. The longitudinal waves are generated due to the mode conversion at the structural joint of the coupled beam. The propagation of longitudinal waves generates the in plane vibration of the coupled beam. In order to identify the direction of vibrational power on the coupled beam, the in plane vibration intensity as well as the out of plane vibration intensity needs to be measured. The cross spectral method has been implemented to measure the in-plane vibration intensity as well as out of plane vibration intensity. The results shelved that the experimental method can be effectively used to measure the in-plane vibration intensity as well as the out of plane vibration intensity of coupled beams.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.564-569
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• 2018

$Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4$ (CZTSSe) films were prepared on Mo coated soda lime glass substrates by sulfo-selenization of sputtered stacked Zn-Sn-Cu(CZT) precursor films. The precursor was dried in a capped state with aqueous NaOH solution. The CZT precursor films were sulfo-selenized in the S + Se vapor atmosphere. Sodium was doped during the sulfo-selenization treatment. The effect of sodium doping on the structural and electrical properties of the CZTSSe thin films were studied using FE-SEM(field-emission scanning electron microscopy), XRD(X-ray diffraction), XRF(X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy), dark current, SIMS(secondary ion mass spectrometry), conversion efficiency. The XRD, XRF, FE-SEM, Dark current, SIMS and cell efficiency results indicated that the properties of sulfo-selenized CZTSSe thin films were strongly related to the sodium doping. Further detailed analysis and discussion for effect of sodium doping on the properties CZTSSe thin films will be discussed.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.177-179
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• 2009

In order to investigate the possible application of ZnO films as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode, ZnO:Al films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method. The effects of surface treatment and doping concentration on the structural and electrical properties of ZnO films were mainly studied experimentally. Five-inch PDP cells using either a ZnO:Al or indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode were also fabricated separately under the same manufacturing conditions. The luminous properties of both the transparent conducting oxide electrode were measured and compared with each other. By doping the ZnO target with 2 wt% of Al2O3, the film deposited at a chemical surface treatment resulted in the minimum resistivity of 8.5 _ 10_4 U-cm and a transmittance of 91.7%. And DBD surface treatment resulted in the minimum resistivity of 8.5 _ 10_4 U-cm and a transmittance of 91.7%. Although the luminance and luminous efficiency of the transparent conducting oxide electrode using ZnO:AI are lower than those of the cell with the ITO electrode by about 10%, these values are sufficient enough to be considered for the normal operation of TCO.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.1018-1022
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 테트라하이드로퓨란(THF)의 개환중합반응에 의해 변형된 12-몰리브도인산의 특성 및 촉매 반응성을 살펴보았다. 기상 에탄올 전화반응에서 THF에 의해 변형된 12-몰리브도인산은 모산 촉매보다 매우 우수한 전환율 및 생성물 수율을 보였다. 변형된 12-몰리브도인산의 증가된 반응성은 변형된 헤테로폴리음이온의 구조적 유연성과 약화된 수소결합에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. THF는 양성자 또는 결정수를 매개로 헤테로폴리산과 상호작용을 하는 것으로 나타났는데, 결정수를 중심으로 한 THF와 헤테로폴리음이온간의 상호작용이 변형된 12-몰리브도인산의 촉매 활성을 결정하는 주된 요인이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.283-286
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• 2008

The methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (MTHFDC) from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum is a 30.6kDa molecular-mass enzyme that sequentially catalyzes the conversion of formyltetrahydrofollate to methylenetetrahydrofolate, with a preference for NADP as a cofactor, rather than NAD. In order to elucidate the functional and structural features of MTHFDC from archaeons at a molecular level, it was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized in the presence of its cofactor, NADP, at 295K using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 as a precipitant. The crystal is a member of the monoclinic space group $P2_1$, with the following unit cell parameters: $a=66.333{\AA},\;b=52.868{\AA},\;c=86.099{\AA},\;and\;{\beta}=97.570^{\circ}$, and diffracts to a resolution of at least $2.40{\AA}$ at the synchrotron. Assuming a dimer in the crystallographic asymmetric unit, the calculated Matthews parameter $(V_M)\;was\;2.44{\AA}^3/Da$ and the solvent content was 49.7%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1244-1252
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• 2013

Sugar beet pulp is an abundant industrial waste material that holds a great potential for bioethanol production owing to its high content of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin. Its structural and chemical robustness limits the yield of fermentable sugars obtained by hydrolyzation and represents the main bottleneck for bioethanol production. Physical (ultrasound and thermal) pretreatment methods were tested and combined with enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase and pectinase to evaluate the most efficient strategy. The optimized hydrolysis process was combined with a fermentation step using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for ethanol production in a single-tank bioreactor. Optimal sugar beet pulp conversion was achieved at a concentration of 60 g/l (39% of dry weight) and a bioreactor stirrer speed of 960 rpm. The maximum ethanol yield was 0.1 g ethanol/g of dry weight (0.25 g ethanol/g total sugar content), the efficiency of ethanol production was 49%, and the productivity of the bioprocess was 0.29 $g/l{\cdot}h$, respectively.

• 경영과학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2014

This study looks for the service factors influencing to conversion among the domestic telecommunication companies and finds out the effect which the switching benefit affect the customer satisfaction and the switching intention. Eight service factors of the telecommunication company such as usability, call quality, terminal quality, auxiliary service, rates, after service, application and brand image are selected and verified using the structural equation model. Auxiliary service, rates and brand image give positive (+) effects to the customer's satisfaction, but the application gives negative (-) effects to the customer's satisfaction. Switching benefit affects significantly to the switching intention, but not to the customer satisfaction. The customer satisfaction gives a positive effect to the switching intention. The telecommunication service factors influence to customer satisfaction and switching intention, and switching benefit also influences to switching intention. It was analyzed that the significant influencing service factors were a little different among the telecommunication companies.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2020

For the important safety system, two or more units of identical equipment or redundant components with similar function were installed to prevent abnormal failure. If the failure probability of such equipment is independent, this redundancy could increase the system safety remarkably. However, if the failure of each component is highly correlated by installing in a structure or experiencing an earthquake event, the expected redundancy effect will decrease. Therefore, the seismic correlation of the equipment should be evaluated quantitatively for the seismic probabilistic safety assessment. The correlation effect can be explained in the procedure of constructing fragility curves. In this study, several methodologies to quantify the seismic correlation in the failure probability calculation for multiple components were reviewed and two possible ways considering the realistic situation were selected. Simple examples were tested to check the applicability of these methods. The conversion method between these two methods was suggested to render the evaluation using the advantages of each method possible.