• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

This study checks if the PITR (Person in the Rain) test can diagnose the stress caused by school-work for middle school students, in that the PITR responses correlates with the degree of stress. The subjects in the study are 483 middle school thirdgraders from 8 middle schools in Daegu city. Research tools used are an Academic Stress Scale and a PITR test. For data analysis is adopted with t-test and Chi-square test. The results from the study are as follows. First, the stress of middle students scores 2.47/4 that means that the school stress is average, and there is no gender difference in scores. Second, PITR test shows that boys draw more rain than girls, straight rain with stronger wind, hide face more, no good facial expressions more often than girls. Girls on the contrary show more stable lines, bigger puddles, place protections more appropriately. Third, those with higher academic stress use more unstable strokes, less number of or insufficient direct protections than those with less academic stress, and draw indirect protection such as umbrellas before rain or clouds. The study concludes that a PITR test can be useful in diagnosing the academic stress of middle school students.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.48-58
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• 2010

The aim of this study was performed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) translated in Korean. This was a new clinical measurement tool for evaluating the recovery of voluntary movement and basic mobility following stroke. A direct-observation reliability study was conducted on 20 patients who had strokes and were in a rehabilitation setting. Subjects were assessed by two physical therapists. The reliability of the STREAM scores was demonstrated by weighted kappa statistics for inter-rater agreement on scores for individual items ranged from .83 to 1.0, intraclass correlation coefficients for total score was .99, and for subscale scores was ranged from .96 to .99. The internal consistency of the STREAM scores was demonstrated by Cronbach alphas of greater than .99 on the subscales and overall. These high levels of reliability support the use of the STREAM translated in Korean instrument for the measurement of motor recovery following stroke.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2019

In case of reading passport using a smart phone in contrast with a dedicated passport reading system, MRZ(Machine Readable Zone) character recognition can be hard when the character strokes were broken, touched or blurred according to the lighting condition, and the position and size of MRZ character lines were varied due to the camera distance and angle. In this paper, the effective recognition algorithm of the passport MRZ information using a combined neural network recognizer of CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) and ANN( Artificial Neural Network), is proposed under the various sized and skewed passport images. The MRZ line detection using connected component analysis algorithm and the skew correction using perspective transform algorithm are also designed in order to achieve effective character segmentation results. Each of the MRZ field recognition results is verified by using five check digits for deciding whether retrying the recognition process of passport MRZ information or not. After we implement the proposed recognition algorithm of passport MRZ information, the excellent recognition performance of the passport MRZ information was obtained in the experimental results for PC off-line mode and smart phone on-line mode.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2007

A few people are frequently using Korean text entry function in the mobile phone. To make matters worse, too many kinds of Korean text entry methods exist in the market, compelling mobile phone users to learn how to input texts all over again, whenever they purchase a new mobile phone. The purpose of this study is to propose a universal design of Korean text entry method for mobile phones. Several experiments and several questionnaire surveys were conducted in order to induce design factors for the universal design. Participants were mobile phone users with the diverse levels of text entry expertise and with the diverse ages. The results of this investigation were identical, irrespective of participants' age and expertise. The efficiency of the text entry method was not more important factor than memorability. The layout of vowels to keypad was preferred to map just 3 strokes to the 3 buttons so that users can make for themselves vowels that they want to input. The preference on the consonants layout was different according to investigation methods. According to the survey, it was preferred that consonants were arranged by alphabet order. However, the result of text entry speed measurement was that the arrangement by alphabet order was not superior to the typical arrangement. Such results may be used to design mobile phones for diverse users.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.429-434
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• 2012

Ischemia, the leading cause of strokes, is known to be deeply related to synaptic plasticity and apoptosis in tissue damage due to ischemic conditions or trauma. The purpose of this study was to research the effects of NEES(needle electrode electrical stimulation) in brain cells of ischemia-induced rat, more specifically the effects of Poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase(PARP) on the corpus striatum. Ischemia was induced in SD mice by occluding the common carotid artery for 5 minutes, after which blood was re-perfused. NEES was applied to acupuncture points, at 12, 24, and 48 hours post-ischemia on the joksamri, and at 24 hours post-ischemia on the hapgok. Protein expression was investigated through PARP antibody immuno-reactive cells in the cerebral nerve cells and western blotting. The number of PARP reactive cells in the corpus striatum 24 hours post-ischemia was significantly(p<.05) smaller in the NEES group compared to the global ischemia(GI) group. PARP expression 24 hours post-ischemia was very significantly smaller in the NEES group compared to the GI group. Results show that ischemia increases PARP expression and stimulates necrosis, making it a leading cause of death of nerve cells. NEES can decrease protein expression related to cell death, protecting neurons and preventing neuronal apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 1979

This article is a sequel to " Korean Character Processing: Part I. Theoretical Foundation " and deals with the practical and historical aspects of the same subject. We discuss , in the first half, the functional design of Korean I/O terminals, Korean character generators based on the conversion algorithm and dot matrix fonts, input keyboard configuration ( trade -offs between a key set and the number of key -strokes ), and the conditions to be considered for binary code design. The second half of the article is devoted to the history of Korean Character processing which is seen from the personal viewpoints. The recorded works are classified into 4 groups according to their maj or contents. Then we bring up each problematic issue to give a critical review of articles . Issues related to output (conversion process) and input ( character recognition) are separated. The bibliography is given in a chronological order.cal order.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to compare the wear resistance of heat pressure-cured microcomposite(SR-Isosit-N), photo-cured microcomposite(Dentalcolor), unfilled heat-cured resin(Thermojel) and that of human enmel. Specimens were made with specially designed die and finally polished with #3,000 diamond paste. After 100,000 strokes of tooth brushing at electric tooth-brushing machine, mean thickness loss of each specimen was measured by using surface profile and integration. The results were as follows 1. Mean thickness loss were $84.3{\pm}27.3{\mu}m$ in unfiled heat-cured resin, $9.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}m$ in photocured microcomposite, $7.6{\pm}2.1{\mu}m$ in heat.pressure-cured microcomposite and $0.97{\pm}0.42{\mu}m$ in enamel. 2. Heat.pressure-cured microcomposite and photo-cured microcomposite had no difference in mean thickness loss(p>0.05). 3. Unfilled resin and microcomposite had much differences in mean thickness loss (p<0.005). 4. ha resins used in this experiment had too much mean thickness loss as compared with enamel (p<0.005).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

In this paper, a new method of phoneme segmentation of handwritten Korean characters using the local graph pattern is proposed. At first, thinning was performed before extracting features. End-point, inflexion-point, branch-point and cross-point were extracted as features. Using these features and the angular relations between these features, local graph pattern was made. When local graph pattern is made, the of strokes is investigated on contacting point. From this process, pattern is simplified as contacting pattern of the basic form and the contacting form we must take into account can be restricted within fixed region, 4therefore phoneme segmentation not influenced by characters form and any other contact in a single character is performed as matching this local graph pattern with base patterns searched ahead. This experiments with 540 characters have been conducted. From the result of this experiment, it is shown that phoneme segmentation is independent of characters form and other contact in a single character to obtain a correct segmentation rate of 95%, manages it efficiently to reduce the time spent in lock operation when the lock.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

Learning procedure in the neural network is updating of weights between neurons. Unadequate initial learning coefficient causes excessive iterations of learning process or incorrect learning results and degrades learning efficiency. In this paper, adaptive learning algorithm is proposed to increase the efficient in the learning algorithms of Self-Organization Neural Networks. The algorithm updates the weights adaptively when learning procedure runs. To prove the efficiency the algorithm is experimented to classification of strokes which is the reference handwritten character. The result shows improved classification rate about 1.44~3.65% proposed method compare with Kohonan and Mao's algorithms, in this paper.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

Stroke patients are the most in the cause of death among Koreans. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of stroke is very important. But, it is the only way to diagnose strokes that the doctors see the MRI image and detect the pathological pattern. In this paper, we proposed the new method to detect the pathological pattern of a suspected stroke. We used the quasibi-symmetry of the MRI brain image in our new method. we detected pathological pattern applied the proposed method, and show the result.