• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.715-721
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of this study is about stroke patients in Seosan. Method : The subjects of this study were 45 patients who were admitted to Hanseo University Oriental Hospital because of stroke. Each patients was diagnosed with Brain CT, sasang constitutional analysis. Results : 1. The rates in CVA was 58% on cerebral infarction, and 42% on cerebral hemorrhage. 2. The sites of cerebral infarction were Basal ganglia, MCA, Internal. External capsule. Thalamus, ect. Sites of cerebral hemorrhage were Thalamus, Basal ganglia, Cerebellum. 3. The ratio of left and right hemiplegia in cerebral infarction was 1:1.6, and in cerebral hemorrhage it was 1:2. 4. The most chief complaints in cerebral infarction, were hemiplegia, dysarthria, facial palsy, headache. In cerebral hemorrhage, their were hemiplegia, dysarthria, headache, dizziness, and facial palsy. 5. Classification of human corporal constitution in cerebral hemorrhage, the most was Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin. And in cerebral infarction, the most was Soyangin, Taeumin, Soyumin. 6. The ratio between male and female was 1.25:2 in cerebral hemorrhage, 2.5:5 in cerebral infarction. 7. The most prevalent age groups in cerebral hemorrhage was fifties to sixties. and in cerebral infarction was fifties to sixties. 8. The most common preceding disease in cerebral hemorrhage was HTN, DM. 9. The recurrence rate of cerebral hemorrhage was 16%, and cerebral infarction was 8%. 10. The ratio of recovery in cerebral hemorrhage was 84%, in cerebral infarction 58%. Conclusion : From this study, in cerebral hemorrhage most patients were Taeumin, in their fifties to sixties. And in cerebral infarction most patients were Soyangin, in their sixties to eighties. In both stroke patients, there were more female than male patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 1997

Background and Purpose : The aim of the present study was to investigate the prodromes of stroke in already attacked patients and to prove the traditional hypothesis that some symptoms were to be prodromes of stroke in the oriental medicine. Methods : The questionnaire which was based on symptoms of traditional hypothesis was distributed to subacute stroke patients who were confirmed by Brain CT or MRI in Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyung Hee University, except patients with indistinct onset, symptoms proved any other disease. Results : Eighty-three patients(82.2%) felt some prodromal symptoms and fifty-nine patients (58.4%) underwent a change in their life within one week before onset. Most common prodromal symptoms was the weakness or numbness of limbs, single or unilateral. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the prodromal symptoms before stroke can be regarded as predicting sign. And we think that these research may contribute to preventing stroke and relapse.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.789-794
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• 2013

Hemorrhage is a devastating type of stroke, accounts for 15-20% of all strokes. This disease can cause cognitive dysfunction with a very high mortality rate. Cupping therapy of Traditional Korean medicine has frequently been used to relieve a variety of diseases or clinical conditions, although not in the memory loss after hemorrhage. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of cupping therapy on learning and memory with Y-maze test, as well as its effects on different molecular changes in hippocampus following the induction of hemorrhage in rats. Cupping, using vacuum cupping machine, was applied at target area for 5 min daily for 7 consecutive days, commencing 1 day after brain impairment. As a result, induction of hemorrhage enhanced memory deficit, suppressed brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Cupping treatment effectively reversed collagenase-induced cognitive impairment in SD rats which was represented by improvement of spontaneous alterations in Y-maze test. In addition, BDNF expression was enhanced after cupping therapy. The present results suggest that the therapeutic effects of cupping treatment after hemorrhage is involved in expression of BDNF.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.48-56
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• 2016

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which neuronal loss causes cognitive decline and other neuropsychiatric problems. It can be diagnosed based on history, examination, and appropriate objective assessments, using standard criteria such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA). Brain imaging and biomarkers are making progress in the differential diagnoses among the different disorders. The cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors antagonist memantine are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for AD. Recently some acetylcholinesterase inhibitors gained approval for the treatment of severe AD and became available in a higher dose formulation or a patch formulation. Optimal care in AD is multifactorial and it should include early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care with pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions including exercise interventions, cognitive interventions and maintenance of social networks.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2019

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology characterized by progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. The clinical presentations of MMD include transient ischemic attacks (TIA), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, headache, and cognitive impairment. MMD is the most important cause of stroke or TIA in children in East Asian countries. A 5-year-3-month old boy with MMD experienced cerebral infarctions five times. Cerebrovascular anastomosis surgery was performed on him four years ago. He had dysphagia, developmental delay, hemiplegia, and strabismus. Besides, a number of dental caries in primary dentition were identified during clinical oral examination. Dental treatment under general anesthesia using sevoflurane was performed due to his lack of cooperation and underlying systemic disease. MMD is associated with various medical diseases requiring thoughtful consideration during dental treatment. Crying and hyperventilation in MMD patients may cause hypocapnia and have a cerebral vasoconstrictive effect. If dental treatment is required, control of pain and anxiety is very important. General anesthesia may be considered for dental treatment in uncooperative or very young patients with MMD.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2000

In this study, we showed a comparison and analysis making use of DWI(diffusion weighted image) using early diagnosis of cerebral Infarction and with the classified T2 weighted image, FLAIR images signal intensity for brain infarction period. period of cerebral infarction after the condition of a disease by ischemic stroke. To compare 3 types of image, we performed polynomial warping and affined transform for image matching. Using proposed algorithm, calculated signal intensity difference between T2WI, DWI, FLAIR and DWI. The quantification values between hand made and calculated data are almost the same. We quantified the each period and performed pseudo color mapping by comparing signal intensity each other according to previously obtained hand made data, and compared the result of this paper according to obtained quantified data to that of doctors decision. The examined mean and standard deviation for each brain infarction stage are as follows ; the means and standard deviations of signal intensity difference between DWI and T2WI for each period are $197.7{\pm}6.9$ in hyperacute, $110.2{\pm}5.4$ in acute, and $67.8{\pm}7.2$ in subacute. And the means and standard deviations of signal intensity difference between DWI and FLAIR for each period are $199.8{\pm}7.5$ in hyperacute, $115.3{\pm}8.0$ in acute, and $70.9{\pm}5.8$ in subacute. We can quantificate and decide cerebral infarction period objectively. According to this study, DWI is very exact for early diagnosis. We classified the period of infarction occurrence to analyze the region of disease and normal region in DW, T2WI, FLAIR images.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2012

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare autosomal dorminant disease that features abnormal and fragile vascular dilations of terminal vessels in skin and mucous membranes, as well as arteriovenous malformations of internal organs, particularly lungs, brain, and liver. Often patients have not been diagnosed with HHT for a long time, and undiagnosed HHT patients unnecessarily develop serious complications such as severe life-threatening hemorrhage, stroke or brain abscess. Therefore, early detection and appropriate screening is very important. Early detection of HHT allows the appropriate screening for the presence of silent disease such as AVMs in the lungs, liver, or brain, and preventive treatment in the patient and their affected family members. Dentists should be familiar with HHT because the telangiectases on skin and oral mucosa are often the most dramatic and most easily identified component of HHT. Recently, we experienced a case of HHT. We present the case with a review of the literature.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 1999

"Dan-eum(痰飮)" is the pathological product which is developed in the progress of disease. "Dam-eum" itself can be an etiological factor and id developed as consequential products on diseases. This study is investigated into "Dam-eum" and stroke through the literature since the book, "Hwangje-naekyong(黃帝內經)" and the results are as follows. 1. "Dam-em" is the pathological product, which is changed into "Yol-Dam(熱痰)", "Pung-dam(風痰)" and "Seub-dam(濕痰)", owing to the disorders of diet and "Chil-jung(七情)", infirmity of "Jung-ki(精氣)", "Oi-gam-yuk-em(外感六淫)", constitutional factors and so forth. In is blocked up "Jangbu-Kyongrak(臟腑經絡)" and brings about stroke with the disorders in circulation of "Gi-hyul(氣血)". 2. "Dan-em" is formed out of "Jin-aek(津液)", which is changed through the pathological process of "Gi-cheh(氣體)", "Hwa-yoi(化鬱)" and "Han-eng(寒凝)". In the meanwhile, the brain keeps its function with nutrition of "Jin-aek", If "Dam-eum" is formed by deficiency and circulation disorders of "Jin-aek", it can affect the brain 3. "Dam-eum" is correlated with "Eo-hyul(瘀血)", and the pathological transformations. In the attack of stroke. "Dam-eum" precedes "Eo-hyul", in reverse or the two are concurrent with each other.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.546-550
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate oriental medicine pattern identification in patients with stroke on the basis of plasma fibrinogen levels and platelet counts. 555 patients diagnosed with stroke between November 2006 and February 2010 were divided in several ways according to the plasma fibrinogen levels and platelet counts on admission. And comparative analysis of the distribution ratio of oriental medicine pattern identification was done between the groups. The mean value of the plasma fibrinogen levels of whole population was 449.18 mg/dL, and it was higher than normal range. The mean value of the platelet counts of whole population was 244.29 /mL, and it was lower but in normal range. Oriental medicine pattern identifications were not characteristic between groups divided according to the serum levels of fibrinogen and platelet counts. In this study, there was not significant correlation between Oriental medicine pattern identifications and the thrombotic factor like plasma fibrinogen levels and platelet counts. This study could be the steppingstone for the next study to develope the objective indicator for the Oriental medicine pattern identifications.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.925-928
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• 2014

Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a spectrum of disease with abnormal trophoblastic proliferation. Treatment is based on FIGO stage and WHO risk factor scores. Patients whose score is 12 or more are considered as at extremely high risk with a high likelihood of resistance to first line treatment. Optimal therapy is therefore controversial. Objective: This study was conducted in order to summarize the regimen used for extremely high risk or resistant GTN patients in our institution the in past 10 years. Materials and Methods: All the charts of GTN patients classified as extremely high risk, recurrent or resistant during 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2011 were reviewed. Criteria for diagnosis of GTN were also assessed to confirm the diagnosis. FIGO stage and WHO risk prognostic score were also re-calculated to ensure the accuracy of the information. Patient characteristics were reviewed in the aspects of age, weight, height, BMI, presenting symptoms, metastatic area, lesions, FIGO stage, WHO risk factor score, serum hCG level, treatment regimen, adjuvant treatments, side effects and response to treatment, including disease free survival. Results: Eight patients meeting the criteria of extremely high risk or resistant GTN were included in this review. Mean age was 33.6 years (SD=13.5, range 17-53). Of the total, 3 were stage III (37.5%) and 5 were stage IV (62.5%). Mean duration from previous pregnancies to GTN was 17.6 months (SD 9.9). Mean serum hCG level was 864,589 mIU/ml (SD 98,151). Presenting symptoms of the patients were various such as hemoptysis, abdominal pain, headache, heavy vaginal bleeding and stroke. The most commonly used first line chemotherapeutic regimen in our institution was the VAC regimen which was given to 4 of 8 patients in this study. The most common second line chemotherapy was EMACO. Adjuvant radiation was given to most of the patients who had brain metastasis. Most of the patients have to delay chemotherapy for 1-2 weeks due to grade 2-3 leukopenia and require G-CSF to rescue from neutropenia. Five form 8 patients were still survived. Mean of disease free survival was 20.4 months. Two patients died of the disease, while another one patient died from sepsis of pressure sore wound. None of surviving patients developed recurrence of disease after complete treatment. Conclusions: In extremely high risk GTN patients, main treatment is multi-agent chemotherapy. In our institution, we usually use VAC as a first line treatment of high risk GTN, but since resistance is quite common, this may not suitable for extremely high risk GTN patients. The most commonly used second line multi-agent chemotherapy in our institution is EMA-CO. Adjuvant brain radiation was administered to most of the patients with brain metastasis in our institution. The survival rate is comparable to previous reviews. Our treatment demonstrated differences from other institutions but the survival is comparable. The limitation of this review is the number of cases is small due to rarity of the disease. Further trials or multicenter analyses may be considered.