• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2000

Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used to study cross sectional profiles and dimensions of fatigue striations in 2017-T351 aluminum alloy. Their widths (SW) and heights $(SH,\;SH_h)$ were measured from the cross sectional Profiles of three-dimension AFM images. The following results that will be helpful to understand the fatigue crack growth mechanism were obtained. (1) Coincidence of the crack growth rate with the striation width was found down to the growth rate of $10^{-5}$ mm/cycle. (2) The relation of $SH={\alpha}(SW)^{1.2}$ was obtained. (3) The ratio of the striation height to its width SH/SW and did not depend on the stress intensity factor range ${\Delta}K$ and the stress ratio R. From these results, the applicability of the AFM to nano-fractography is discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.4 s.175
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• pp.955-962
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• 2000

Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) such as Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was shown to be the powerful tool for nano-scale characterization of a fracture surface . AFM was used to study cross sectional profiles and dimensions of fatigue striations in 2017-T351 aluminum alloy. Their widths (SW) and heights (SH) were measured from the cross sectional profiles of three-dimension AFM images. The following results that will be helpful to understand the fatigue crack growth mechanism were obtained. (1) Coincidence of the crack growth rate with the striation width was found down to the growth rate of 10-5 mm/cycle. (2) The relation of SH=0.085(SW)1.2 was obtained. (3) The ratio of the striation height to its width SH/SW did not depend on the stress intensity factor range K and the stress ratio R. (4) Not only the SW but also the SH changed linearly with the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) when plotted in log-log scale. From these results, the applicability of the AFM to nano-fractography is discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1047-1054
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• 2001

Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used to study cross sectional profiles and dimensions of fatigue striations in 2017-T351 aluminum alloy. Their widths(SW) and heights (SH, SH(sub)h, SH(sub)ι) were measured from the cross sectional profiles of three-dimension AFM images. The following results that will be helpful to understand the fatigue crack growth mechanism were obtained. (1) The relation of SH=$\alpha$(SW)(sup)1.2 was obtained. (2) The ratio of the striation height to its width SH/SW, SH(sub)h/SW and SH(sub)ι/SW did not depend on the stress intensity factor range ΔK and the stress ratio R( =P(sub)min/P(sub)max = K(sub)min/K(sub)max). (3) Effect of precipitate on the morphology of striation was changed by the relative dimensional difference between the striation width SW and the precipitates. From these results, the applicability of the AFM to nano-fractography is discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1705-1712
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• 2001

Mechanical component has striation with constant width and SEM can estimate fracture type and loading condition. SEM has benefit to fatigue fracture analysis but striation can be observed according to the kind of material and range of crack growth rate and can't. In this case, it needs AFM that can measure 3-dimensional surface profile with resolution of atomic size. In this study. to find fracture reason of torsion-mounted blade in nuclear plant, we estimate the relation between stress intensity factor range and root mean square roughness in 12% Cr steel by AFM and predict in-service loading condition of turbine blade. failure analysis is performed by finite element method and Goodman diagram on torsion-mounted blade.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2023

Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic microalgae, and they are highly diversified in aquatic environments. We describe an unrecorded diatom species Fragilaria saxoplanctonica Lange-Bertalot & Ulrich (Bacillariophyceae) collected from Paldang Reservoir, Korea, on 4 April 2022. The valve was needle shaped and narrowly rectangular, its ends were rounded, and no spines were found on the outline of their valves. The valve was 67.2-70.2㎛ in length and 1.4-2.9㎛ in width. The ratio of width-to-length was 1 : 23.2-50.1. The pattern of striation was alternate or opposite, and the number of striae in 10㎛ was 24-26. Molecular comparisons of the 18S rDNA and rbcL sequences showed that it belonged to the genus Fragilaria. These morphological and phylogenetic results confirmed that our species was F. saxoplanctonica, and it was the first record in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2010

Thickness effects on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films fabricated by spin coating method have been carried out. With increase in the thickness of the ZnO thin films, the width and density of striation shape are increased. The ZnO thin film with thickness of 450 nm has a smooth surface morphology. For the ZnO thin film with a smooth surface, orientation factor ${\alpha}_{(002)}$ is sharply increased and FWHM of (002) diffraction peak is decreased compared to the ZnO thin films with a striation shape surface. Thickness and surface morphology of the ZnO thin films hardly affect the NBE peak position. However, the DLE peak position is blue-shifted as the surface morphology is changed from striation to smooth surface. The PL intensity ratio of the NBE to DLE is increased and the FWHM of NBE peak is decreased as the thickness of the ZnO thin films is increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.489-493
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• 2000

Turbine blade has trouble of cracking at root region. Fracture surface of blade root is surveyed by SEM and AFM to clear relation between fracture mechanical parameter and surface parameter (striation width and surface roughness). Service stress is predicted by maximum height roughness $R_{max}$, on fractured surface and stress analysis on turbine blade. It is to thought that turbine blade is fractured by abnormal condition such as incorrect fittings between pin and pin hole but isn't fractured by normal service conditions such as steam pressure, centrifugal force and torsional force.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 2001

Turbine blade is subject to force of three types ; the torsional force by torsional mount, the centrifugal force by the rotation of rotor and the cyclic bending force by steam pressure. The cyclic bending force was a main factor on fatigue strength. SEM fractography in root of turbine blade showed micro-clack width was not dependent on stress intensity factor range. Especially, fatigue did not exist on SEM photograph in root of turbine blade. To clear out the fracture mechanism of turbine blade, nanofractography was needed on 3-dimensional crack initiation and crack growth with high magnification. Fatigue striation partially existed on AFM photograph in root of turbine blade. Therefore, to find a fracture mechanism of the torsion-mounted blade in nuclear power plant, the relation between stress intensity factor range and surface roughness measured by AFM was estimated, and then the load amplitude ΔP applied to turbine blade was predicted exactly by root mean square roughness.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.380-388
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• 1994

Study on the chaotic stirring has been performed numerically and experimentally for a shallow rectangular tank accompanying a vortex shedding. The model is composed of a rectangular tank with a vertical plate with a length half the width of the tank. The tank is subject to a horizontal sinusoidal oscillation. The chaotic stirring was analysed by Poincare sections, unstable manifolds and Lyapunov exponents. As Reynolds number is increased the stirring effect is decreased due to the growth of a regular regions near the lower surface of the tank. In the other hand decrease of Reynolds number gives a weaker vortex shedding resulting in the poorer stirring effect. It was also found that the Lyapunov exponent is the highest at the dimensionless period of 1.3-1.5, which seems to be the best condition for the efficient stirring. The experimental visualization for the deformation of materials exhibits the striation pattern similar to the unstable manifold obtained numerically.