• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2014

The computational fluid dynamic is used to explore new aspects of the hill flow. This analysis focuses on flow dependency and the comparison of results from measurements and simulations to show an optimization turbulent model and the possibility of replacing measurements with simulations. The first half of the paper investigates a suitable turbulence model for determining a suitable site for a wind turbine. Results of the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model are compared precisely with the measurements taken in front of the hilltop, The Reynolds Stress Model showed exact results after 1.0 times of hill steepness but the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model and standard k-${\omega}$ model showed greater underestimation. In addition, velocity flow over Pha Taem hill topography and the reference geometry shape were compared to find a suitable site for a turbine in case the actual hill structure was associated with the trapezoid geometric shape. Further study of geometry shaped hills and suitable sites for wind turbines will be reported elsewhere.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.152-155
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• 2008

In this paper, the effect of modification of geometric variables on the performance of a centrifugal compressor blade has been studied numerically. The compressor contains six main blades and six splitter blades. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with shear stress turbulence (SST) model are discretized by finite volume approximations and solved on hexahedral grids for flow analysis. The design variables from blade lean angle at tip and middle of the blade have been modified. The isentropic blade efficiency and pressure have been predicted with the variation of the variables. Frozen rotor simulation is performed and adiabatic wall condition has been used. One of the six blades of compressor has been used for simulation to reduce the computational load. Optimum number of meshes has been selected by grid-dependency test, and this is used for all the simulations with changing geometric variables. The detailed flow analysis results have been reported as well as the effects of the variables.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.189-209
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• 2004

Several extensions to the Thelandersson phenomenological model for concrete under transient high temperatures are explored. These include novel expressions for the temperature degradation of the elastic modulus and the temperature dependency of the coefficient of the free thermal strain. Furthermore, a coefficient of thermo mechanical strain is proposed as a bi-linear function of temperature. Good qualitative agreement with various test results taken from the literature is demonstrated. Further extensions include the effects of plastic straining and temperature dependent Poisson's ratio. The models performance is illustrated on several simple benchmark problems under uniaxial and biaxial stress states.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2012

We report, for the first time, operation frequency dependence of current density-voltage ($J_{OLED}-V_{OLED}$) shift for multi-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). When the OLEDs were electrically stressed for 21 hours with 50% duty voltage pulses at 60, 120, 240, and 360 Hz, the JOLED-VOLED shifts were suppressed by half for 360 Hz operation compared with 60 Hz operation, but with little change in emission efficiencies. This frequency dependent $J_{OLED}-V_{OLED}$ shift is believed to be commonly observed for typical multi-layer OLEDs and can be used to further improve lifetime of digitally-driven active-matrix OLED displays.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1659-1661
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• 2003

Recently, diagnostic techniques have been investigated to defect a partial discharge in high voltage electrical equipment. We have studied the characteristics of the acoustic partial discharge originating from the electrical defects in cubicle GIS(C-GIS). An acoustic emission(AE) sensor is used on the enclosure to detect partial discharge source because the sensor is sensitive to stress waves in its frequency range that may not be from a partial discharge source. AE signal is analyzed with phase-magnitude-frequency number(${\Phi}$-V-n) and pulse per second(PPS). Experience result has shown that the omitted acoustic signal has phase dependency and phase shift characteristic according to increase with applied voltage. These result will be helpful to the pattern recognition of the acoustic partial discharge in a C-GIS.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권6호
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• pp.637-649
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• 2019

In the current research paper, a quasi-3D beam theory is developed for free vibration analysis of functionally graded microbeams. The volume fractions of metal and ceramic are assumed to be distributed through a beam thickness by three functions, power function, symmetric power function and sigmoid law distribution. The modified coupled stress theory is used to incorporate size dependency of micobeam. The equation of motion is derived by using Hamilton's principle, however, Navier type solution method is used to obtain frequencies. Numerical results show the effects of the function distribution, power index and material scale parameter on fundamental frequencies of microbeams. This model provides designers with guidance to select the proper distributions and functions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.217-229
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• 2021

The effect of distribution shape of porosity using a quasi-3D theory for free vibration analysis of FG microbeams is studied analytically in the present paper. The microbeams are simply-supported and nonhomogeneous, with power function variation of Young's modulus along their thickness. The modified coupled stress theory is utilized to consolidate size dependency of microbeam. Both even and uneven distribution shape of porosity are considered and the effective properties of porous FG microbeams are defined by theoretical formula with an additional term of porosity. The equation of motion is obtained through Hamilton's principle, however, Navier type solution method is used to obtain frequencies. The influences played by many parameters are also investigated.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2020

A parametric study of a 2.5 kW class propeller type micro hydraulic turbine was performed. In order to analyze the internal flow characteristics in the hydraulic turbine, three dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with shear stress transport turbulence model were used and the hexahedral grid system was used to construct computational domain. To secure the reliability of the numerical analysis, the grid dependency test was performed using the grid convergence index method based on the Richardson extrapolation, and the grid dependency was removed when about 1.7 million nodes were used. For the parametric study, the axial distance at shroud span (L) between the inlet guide vane and the runner, and the inlet and outlet blade angles (β₁, β₂) of the runner were selected as the geometric parameters. The inlet and outlet angles of the runner were defined in the 3 spans from the hub to tip, and a total of 7 geometric parameters were investigated. It was confirmed that the outlet angles of the runner had the most sensitive effect on the power and efficiency of the micro hydraulic turbine.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.737-748
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• 2015

스마트폰은 현대인의 일상생활 여러 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있으며 그 편리함, 다양한 기능은 날이 갈수록 진화하고 있다. 이에 반해 현대인에게 있어 적절한 수면은 건강한 생활의 필수요소인데 스마트폰의 과도한 사용으로 적절한 수면이 위협받고 있다. 현대인의 삶에 밀접한 스마트폰이 인간의 수면의 질에 영향을 미쳐 대학원생보다는 대학생이, 흡연자보다는 비흡연자가, 적은 스트레스를 받은 사람보다 많은 스트레스를 받은 사람이 더 낮은 수면의 질을 보인다. 또한 스마트폰 사용 중독 단계가 심해질수록 수면의 질이 유의하게 낮아졌다. 스마트폰의 과도한 사용으로 인한 스마트폰 중독에 대한 경고와 사용법에 대한 적절한 교육이 필요하다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.538-544
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• 1996

미생물이 생산하는 생물 고분자의 기능성 당색 및 용도 재발 연구의 일환으로. Bacillus sp.의 알카리 발효에 의해 생합성된 점성의 생물 분자의 리올로지 특성을 다른 미생들 다당 및 식뮬 다당류와 비교하면서 검토하였다. 1% 정제 고분자 용액은 xanthan gum 및 guar gum과 마찬가지로 항복응럭을 갖는 의가소성 유체의 거동을 널었다. 유동지수(n)값은 0.41 - 0.75로 전단속도 의존성을 보였으며, 점조도지수(K)값은 0.87 Pa $s^n$으로 guar gum보다는 작고 xanthan gum 보다는 컸다. 그러나 항복응력 (${\tau}_y$)값은 2.28Pa로 xanthan gum이나 guar gum보다 크게 낮았다. 또 정제고분자의 점조도지수(K)값은 지수 함수식에 따르는 농도 및 온도 의존성을 나타내었다. 농도 의존성은 기울기가 서로 달라지는 두 개의 직선관계를 나타냈으며, 농도가 증가에 따라 의가소성은 강해졌다. 시료 용액은 온도 의존성이 매우 낮은 특징을 나타내었고, 유동의 활성화에너지지는 1.16kcal/g mol이었다. 겉보기 점도는 pH와 염의 변화에 매우 불안정함을 나타내었으나 유기용매에 대하여는 어느 정도 안정함을 보였고, 점증제를 첨가하였을 때 겉보기 점도의 상승효과는 관찰되지 않았다.