• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effect of stress management program on the perceived stress, stress response, ways of coping of nurses.The data were collected from September 22 to December 21, 1997. The subjects were 45 emergency nurses of three university hospital located in seoul ; 25 assigned for the experimental group and 20 for the control group.The stress management program was composed of cognitive training, behavioral training and progressive muscle relaxation. The subjects of the experimental group carried out the 15-minute progressive muscle relaxation according to recorded-tape once a day for 6 weeks. The cognitive and the behavioral training were conducted by the investigator for 5～8 subjects at a time for 9 series, at an interval of 4～5days.The instruments used in the study was the perceived stress scale developed by Levenstein et al.(1993), Symptoms of stress Inventory(1991), and ways of coping scale developed by Lazarus & Folkman(1984).The data were analyzed by SAS program, using descriptive statistics, χ2-test, t-test, paired t-test.The results were as follows :1.　The perceived stress of experimental group was lower than that of the control group. However, no significant difference between the two groups was revealed.2.　The stress response of experimental group was reduced after stress management program and the stress response of control group was reduced after stress management program. but no significant difference between the two groups was revealed.3.　The problem oriented coping of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, however no significant difference between the two groups was revealed.4.　The emotional oriented coping of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, however no significant difference between the two groups was revealed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-154
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine to causes and symptoms of stress and factors influencing stress management of workers in beauty shops. 811 people who were working in the shops located in Daegu City and Kyungbuk Province were selected as subjects of this study. Data were collected from April 10, 2000 to July 10, 2000. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. According to general characteristics of the respondents, female was 90.8%. 42.1 % of them was in their twenties and 73.7% of them did not marry. 57.5% of the respondents grew up in big cities and 41.1% had no religion. 63.6% was graduated from junior colleges. 44.6% of them worked for below I year and 33.9% earned below four hundred and ninety thousand won per month. 55.8% of them was satisfied with their work aptitude, while 34.2% was not satisfied with it. In the case of satisfaction level with working environment, ‘common level’ was 46.3%, while 12.8% of them was unsatisfied with it. In the case of stress level by factors of stress related to working, male was higher (9.34 $\pm$ 2.38 points). Those who grew up in towns or villages and those who belonged to the middle class showed high stress level. Those who married and those who graduated from high school also displayed high stress level. It also appeared that monthly income influenced the stress level related to working.. The extent of stress level influencing physical causes appeared in order of health condition, education level, sex, satisfaction level with work aptitude, economic status, and working hours. The extent of stress level influencing whole organizational level appeared in order of satisfaction level with work aptitude, working hours, education level, health condition, and sex. The extent of stress factors influencing depressed feeling of stress symptom appeared in order of working hours, sex, amount of smoking, absence due to stress, age, health condition, and education level. The extent of influencing factors on active stress management appeared in order of satisfaction level with work aptitude, health condition, size of the shop, drinking, sex, and the number of day off. The extent of influencing factors on avoidable stress management appeared in order of age, absence due to stress, drinking, health condition, and sex.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.893-907
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the related factors of dental caries and periodontal disease in adolescents from Korean multicultural families, thereby helping to reduce the prevalence rate of oral disease. Methods: The subjects were 710 multicultural adolescents recruited using a web-based survey, National 2015 Korean Youth Risk Behavior, from the Korean Center for Disease Control. A multicultural family was defined in this study as one having an immigrant mother or father. Oral symptoms included dental caries and periodontal disease. Toothache was defined as a symptom of dental caries. Tender or bleeding gums were defined as symptom of periodontal disease. For statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0 for Windows was used. Descriptive analysis and a Chi-square test were conducted to determine the factors associated with general characteristics, health behavior, and oral health behavior. Finally, to investigate the associations among oral disease symptoms, logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Toothache was significantly higher in female 1.52 (95% CI; 1.45-1.60), high school 1.23 (95% CI; 1.18-1.28), women school 1.10 (95% CI; 1.05-1.16), individuals with poor economic status 1.45 (95% CI; 1.30-1.52), and participants who consumed alcohol 1.32 (95% CI; 1.27-1.37). Toothache related to perceived health status was significantly lower in the healthy group 0.69 (95% CI; 0.64-0.75), and was higher in usual stress group 1.65 (95% CI; 1.57-1.74). Gum bleeding was significantly higher in female 1.32 (95% CI; 1.27-1.37), high school 1.15 (95% CI; 1.10-1.19), and individuals with poor economic status 1.38 (95% CI; 1.27-1.50). Gum bleeding related to perceived health status was significantly lower in the healthy group 0.68 (95% CI; 0.63-0.74), and was higher in usual stress group 1.54 (95% CI; 1.46-1.62). Conclusions: Taking into account of social and economic levels, and dietary habits in the multicultural families adolescents, further education and support will be needed for oral disease prevention and early treatment.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.88-98
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to establish a school-based mental health intervention. The success of which was indexed by its effects on the social anxiety symptoms of the enrolled adolescents. Methods : This program for promoting mental health among adolescents in the community was adopted by three middle schools that volunteered to participate in the project. The program included screening for emotional problems related to social anxiety, depression, suicide, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Case management was provided for groups considered high-risk for depression, suicide, or post-traumatic stress disorder; cognitive-behavior therapy was provided for those at high-risk of developing social anxiety. Additionally, educational programs for the prevention of suicide, a "loving life" module, and mental health promotional campaigns were also included. In total, 1,100 middle school students completed self-report questionnaires. Twenty-five students in the high-risk group for social anxiety participated in a cognitive-behavior therapy program, comprising eight sessions, and conducted by two clinical psychologists. Results : Following the suicide prevention education program, suicide awareness among students increased and coping strategies were improved. In addition, the loving life program was associated with positive self-perceptions by many students. Furthermore, social anxiety symptoms showed a statistically significant difference after the cognitive-behavior therapy program. After the therapy, not only did social anxiety symptoms improve, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation decreased significantly, while self-esteem and psychological resilience significantly increased. Conclusion : A school-based mental health intervention was successfully implemented in three middle schools and improved the mental health of the participating students. Therefore, this intervention could be widely implemented to promote positive mental health among middle school students.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2005

A field-sequential color projection system can display color images using panel. However, it suffers from a characteristic trichromatic separation known as "color breakup". The viewing of images exhibiting color breakup may cause visual fatigue and mental stress. In this study, the authors examine, from the standpoint of human factors, the objective and subjective symptoms that can result from the viewing of images with color breakup.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the effects of Emotion Freedom Techniques (EFT) group treatment program for Hwa-byung patients. Methods: Thirteen Hwa-byung patients have participated in the four weeks program of EFT group treatment and the program was executed once a week, for about one hour. After every session, the participants performed EFT by themselves in order to control their symptoms. Four weeks after the program ended, we interviewed the participants by using the semi-structured interview method to observe changes of Hwa-byung. All the data collected was summarized through the qualitative analysis method. Results: Results showed effects of the EFT group treatment program, with regards to the physical, cognitive and emotional aspects. Most of the participants experienced reliefs of Hwa-byung symptoms like chest tightness, hot flashes, insomnia and so on. Their ability to cope with stress improved and their re-experiences of past memories decreased. And their distorted self-images were also restored. Lastly, there was a decrease in negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions experienced by the participants. The participants could control their symptoms by performing self-enforcement. In addition, regarding the form of group therapy, the treatment was effective as it helped the participants to feel solidarity and social support. Conclusions: The EFT group treatment program can relieve the physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms of Hwa-byung. This program can be applied to the psychotherapy of Hwa-byung.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4669-4675
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• 2012

Smoking among adolescents is a major public health problem. This study was performed to determine the association between cigarette smoking and depression Symptoms of high school students. Data were drawn from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2009. Subjects were 36,657 high school students living in the community. Adjusting for covariates (sex, school year, school education, economics, school record, hours of sleep per day, self-reported stress, self reported happiness, self-reported health status, suicidal thinking), smoker(OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.35-1.50), 10~19 cigarettes per day(OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.22-1.79) and more than 20 cigarettes per day(OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.59-2.64) were independent risk factors for depression Symptoms. It was found that cigarette smoking is a independent factor related to adolescent depression. Adolescent smoking cessation is needed to management of adolescent depression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2000

Background: Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood. We have to pay attention to their psycho-social problems as well as their physical symptoms. In this context, we need to investigate the adolescent depression tendency and its related factors. Method : From May to June in 1008, we chose one elementary school, one middle school and one high school in Seoul and surveyed for all students who were above the 4th grade of elementary school and their parents. We analyzed the data for 3,685 students. Result: From the 6th grade of elementary school to the 1st grade of high school, the girls' DSRS(Depression self-rating scale) score was significantly higher than the boys'. The DSRS score was increased from the 2nd grade of high school for boys and from the 1st grade of high school for girls. The Pearson correlation coefficient between age and DSRS score was 0.16(p<0.01) and that between APGAR and DSRS score was -0.45(p<0.01). The median number of psychosomatic symptoms of the past month was 6, and when students complained for more psychosomatic symptoms, the DSRS scores were higher. Those who drank or smoked ranked significantly higher in DSRS score; and, those who exercised regularly, had leisure activity, and had a faithful person for counselling ranked significantly lower in DSRS score. Conclusion : Adolescents who complained of many psychosomatic symptoms needed to be screened for depression. A primary physician have to intervene about health related behavior such as family function, smoking, exercise and relieving stress.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), urologic symptoms, chronic health problems they have, and to explore whether the differences in incidence of UI ware by age, sex, voiding pattern, and chronic health problems. Method: 298 subject were selected, age range from 60 to 94 years residing in one city, in republic of Korea. Data was collected presence of UI, urologic symptoms, chronic health problems, knowledge, and the discomfort with incontinent. Collected data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, t-test, and $\chi$2-test. Result: The results of this study are as follows: 1. Mean age was 71.4 years. Prevalent rate of UI was 17.0%, woman showed more than man. 2. UI incidence was significant in age (t=7.84, p=.000), sex ($\chi$2 =9.47, p=.002), and voiding frequency ($\chi$2=18.34, p=.000). Also, UI incidence was significant relationship with chronic health problem of heart disease ($\chi$2 =10.65, p=0.001), hypertension ($\chi$2=4.04, p= 0.046) and respiratory problem ($\chi$2=9.67, p=0.002). 3. The UI was grouped into urgent incontinence (45%), stress incontinence (33%), and combined (22%). UI occurred during the daytime 48% and 17% at night. 4. Only 9.8 % of the UI seek advice and/or treatment for their symptoms, almost 90 % remained untreated due to lack of knowledge or improper information. 5. The discomforts due to their UI was no significant difference in their condition, the urgent use of the rest room, leaking urine, and nocturia. Conclusion: This study suggests that 1 year and 3 year follow-up study is needed to compare health status of UI. Also suggests intervention study for urologic discomfort of incontinent and behavioral education for the elderly are needed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.400-409
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• 1996

To investigate industrial fatigue and low back pain, the questionaire survey for subjective symptoms of fatigue and low back pain was carried out among 591 male workers aged 20-55 employed in an automobile industry in Korea. Workers participated to this study were divided into low back pain group(LBP) and control group, according to the self-reports by written questionaires. The subjective sysptoms of fatigue comprised three groups of 10 items each, representing dullness and sleepiness(level of cerebral activation), difficulty in concentration(level of motivation) and bodily projection of fatigue. The resultant data were processed for $\chi^2-test$, t-test and a pearson's correlation coefficient to confirm the relationships. The results were as follows: 1. 30 items of fatigue subjective symptoms exeptone item, 'lack in perseverance', were directly associated with low back pain. 2. The percentage of fatigue complaint were sig nificantly higher in LBP group. 3. Of the 30 items of fatigue subjective symptoms, the highest percentage was accounted for 'eye strain'(27.9%), followed by 'whole body feels tired' and 'legs feel heavy'(22.9%), 'feel like lying'(21.4%), 'feel a pain in the low back'(18.7%), 'feel drowsy'(16.4%) and 'feel stiffness in the neck or the shoulders'(16.2%) in the order of sequence. 4. The average weighted score for the first group of fatigue items(dullness and sleepiness) was the largest among three groups and was followed by the second group(difficulty in concentration) and the third group(bodily projection of fatigue) in the order of sequence, suggesting the heavier shift work stress of the workers. 5. In the groups of the aged 30-40, work duration of 5-7yrs, heavy work amount and irregular work speed, significant high fatigue complaints were revealed in terms of eye strain, whole body feels tired, legs feel heavy, feel like lying, feel a pain in the low back and feel stiffness in the neck or the shoulders. 6. A significant negative correlations were shown between age, work duration and eleven subjective symptoms while positive reciprocal correlations were shown between eleven items with one another.