• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.480-488
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• 2015

Background : In order to determine the effects of planting methods on root growth of ginseng varieties, two different methods, direct seed sowing and transplanting were compared in terms of their effects on different root growth characteristics. Methods and Results : Higher fresh root weight was observed in ginseng grown by direct seed sowing. Direct seed sowing of three cultivars (Sunhyang, Chungsun and K-1) resulted in higher yield, whereas no difference was observed in the yield of one cultivar (Chungsun). Gumpoong was highly tolerant to physiological stress, as it showed fewer symptoms of rusty and rough skin root diseases in both direct seed sowing and transplanting. The average main root length per total root length of ginseng grown by direct seed sowing was 33.6%, whereas that of ginseng grown by the average of those by transplanting was 22.4%. Other root growth characteristics, including root length, main root diameter, and number of side roots, improved when the direct seed sowing method was used. Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the differences in root growth parameters of ginseng varieties grown by direct seed sowing or transplanting at the same planting density. Because of the advantages of direct sowing during ginseng planting, developing new varieties and improving cultivation methods are imperative.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.249-275
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to assist librarians in developing a bibliographic tool for bibliotherapy practices. Bibliotherapy is a form of psychotherapy in which carefully selected leading materials are used to assist a subject in solving personal problems or for other therapeutic purposes. However, bibliotherapy has rarely been either studied or practiced in Korea For a bibliographic tool which is called 'situational leading list', a client situation has to be classified by the factors of biological. place and personal relations. type of stress or symptoms. This study, in this regard, examined related recent researches In the field of psychology or psychoanalysis. Main conclusions made in this study are summarized as follows : The most important factors to classify a client situation in a bibliographic tool are age, sometimes sex, home background, personal relations and mental health issues. This study also suggest the scheme of situation classification according to the decimal classification system. There are the general class, child class, teenager class, adult class and senior class in the classification system.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

Background : Meditation is one of the healing therapies used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although Meditation is within the paradigm of modern Western medical science, effects on the human body could be possible. Objectives : This study performed a systematic review of the literature published in Korea focused on mindfulness meditation (MM), which is being applied as mind-body therapy around the USA lately. Method : Three hundred sixty six articles were found after searching with keyword, 'mindfulness meditation (MM)' in 6 journals and web databases. Ninety papers related MM were analyzed trend, Seventeen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 38 controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were researched by systematic review. Result : Most of them were studies about relationship between MM and syndrome such as stress, depression, anxiety and MM was also applied to some disease like hypertension, temporomandibular joint disorder in some cases. In 55 studies, It was shown that MM has positive effects on various symptoms and sometimes the effect of MM showed at post and follow-up study although there was no significant difference between control group and experimental group in some cases according to outcome measurement. Interestingly, there was no study reported about side effects of MM after the application. Conclusions : MM is being clinically applied at both western and oriental hospital in Korea, but more clinical trials with the high quality are needed to support its scientific basis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1085-1095
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lijin-tang-gamibang on refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: This before-and-after study compared the first medical examination and examination at the end of medical treatment. Twelve refractory GERD patients who visited the Department of Digestive Diseases of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from August 14th, 2017 to October 14th, 2017, were treated with Lijin-tang-gamibang for four consecutive weeks. The clinical characteristics of refractory GERD and the efficacy of herbal medical treatment was assessed by questionnaires, the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), the Korean Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (KGSRS), the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale (KPSS-10), the Qi Stagnation Questionnaire (QSQ), the Spleen Qi Deficiency Questionnaire (SQDQ), and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Prolonged effects were reported upon the follow-up telephone survey two weeks after treatment. Results: After treatment with the herbal medicine Lijin-tang-gamibang, the clinical characteristics of 12 refractory GERD patients were improved, especially in terms of the most common symptoms of acid regurgitation and heartburn. Each symptom score of NDI-K, KGSRS, NRS, SQDQ, and PGIC showed significant advances. Prolonged effects were reported in NDI-K, NRS and PGIC questionnaires two weeks after treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that Lijin-tang-gamibang is an effective treatment for refractory GERD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

The study was undertaken to determine the antagonism of the AP1700 on the development of nalbuphine-induced tolerance and physical dependence. AP1700 is an oriental drug preparationcomposed of 5 natural products and is known to have antinarcotic action with an oral dose of 250 mg/kg in rats. AP1700 significantly inhibits the development of antinarcotic action with an oral dose of 250 mg/kg in rats. AP1700 significantly inhibits the development of nalbuphine-induced physical dependence but does not the tolerance. Mitogen-activated protein kinase, which include extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) play critical roles in cell growth and survival and drug abuse. The level of pCREB was elevated in the hippocampus by the chronic treatment with nalbuphine, however, the elevation of pCREB was not inhibited by the AP1700 co-treatment. Interestingly, the level of pERK was decreased in the co-treatment with nalbuphine and AP1700 on the cortex and striatum. However, the level of nNOS and NR1 was not modulated by the treatment with nalbuphine or AP1700 on the cortex, hippocampus and striatum in the rat brain. These results suggest that the AP1700 could be used to ameliorate the nalbuphine withdrawal symptoms.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2007

Purpose: This research was aimed to explore the major subjects and research theme and to classify characteristics of the key words in recent Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. Methods: With survey design, whole 103 published papers during 2003-2006 were analyzed with structured analysis form; research subjects, research methodology, data analysis, and key words of the published papers were classified and extracted. Various theme was founded and classified to 9 domains. Results: Most of the research subjects were women. Eighty-eight percent of papers conducted quantitative research; 83% chose convenience sampling and 69% used survey design, while experimental design was 29%. Key words were categorized 9 domains: demographic, health related concept, health behavior(intervention), sex-related, life event, disease, et al. Among 9 domains, health related concept, especially psycho-social topics such as depression, anxiety, stress were mostly studied and then physiologic topics such as labor pain, fatigue, and menstrual symptoms. Conclusion: Most of the subjects were women and the most common domain studied was health related concepts in Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. And key words and topics were on women's health issues. We can conclude that Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing has published by her own philosophy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.531-541
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine factors affecting detection threshold and the optimally-preferred concentration for sweet taste, since investigation into factors decreasing sensitivity or increasing preference for sweet taste is important to prevent overconsumption of simple sugar. Subjects were 70 first-grade middle school students in the Gyeonggi-Do. The detection threshold concentration of sucrose solution and the optimally-preferred sucrose concentration of omija jelly were determined by sensory evaluation. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the information regarding health-related lifestyle practices, dietary habits, preference for and eating frequency of Westernized foods and frequencies of eating foods other than home-made. The detection threshold concentration of sucrose solution and the optimally-preferred sucrose concentration of omija jelly of the subjects were 0.204% and 14.44%, respectively. Subjects who exercise less (< 30 minutes/week except PE class), skipping meals (${\geq}$ 3/week), type of breakfast rather than traditional Korean meal and frequent eating out and buying foods from school tuck-shop tended to have higher sweet taste threshold. There was significant positive correlation between the sucrose threshold concentration and fried chicken preference or eating frequency of hamburger. Those who exercise less (< 30 minutes/week except PE class) did have significantly higher optimally-preferred sweetness of omija jelly, which tended to be higher in the subjects who had more (${\geq}$ 4 out of 10) behavioral or psychological stress symptoms and who had early getting-up time (before 7 am). There was significant positive correlations between the optimally-preferred sweetness of omija jelly and pizza preference, instant noodle eating frequency or sum of eating frequencies of five fast foods. From the results of this study, it was suggested that middle school students should make efforts to stop skipping meals, exercise more, eat Korean traditional breakfast and reduce the frequencies of eating out and using instant/fast foods in order to prevent overconsumption simple sugar.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the various effects of individual or combined extract of GamiSaengmaeksan (GSS) on cell viability, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activityMethods : In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed. We investigated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin (IL)-1β, and nitric oxide(NO) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells to check the effects on anti-inflammatory activity. The level of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells was measured by using Griess reagent. The levels of cytokines and ROS were measured by Luminex and Flow cytometry, respectively.Results : At concentration of 200 ㎍/㎖ GSS, cytotoxicity was observed in RAW 264.7 cells. However, at concentration less than 100 ㎍/㎖ of both combine and individual GSS, cytotoxicity was not observed in Raw 264.7 cells. However, the level of ROS in RAW 264.7 cells were decreased at both extract of 100 ㎍/㎖ GSS. Also, the level of NO in RAW 264.7 cells were decreased from extraction of concentration of 100 ug/ml in GSS and individual-extraction of Liriopis Tuber, White Ginseng and Glycyrrhizae Radix. In addition, productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were decreased from extraction of concentration of 10 and 100 (㎍/㎖) in GSS and individual-extraction of Liriopis Tuber.Conclusions : It is concluded that combined extract of GSS appears to be more effective in anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effect than those in individual-extraction of GSS. These results may be developed as a raw material for new therapeutics to ease the symptoms related with inflammatory and oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.419-426
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• 2017

In implant restorations, it is difficult for the patient to percept any symptoms. In addition, they are absent of shock absorbers, which can lead to mechanical failure if stress distribution is not considered. Since maxillary anterior multiple-implant restorations play a significant role in guiding the functional movement of the mandible by distributing lateral force, it is crucial to form appropriate occlusion. The use of the T-scan system is more advantageous in assessing 'dynamic occlusion', such as the change of occlusion over time, the amount of tooth contact during functional movement, and assessing the occlusion in the less-visible posterior teeth. The case is reported as it has satisfactory results in harmonious anterior guidance of a maxillary anterior multiple-implant restoration using T-scan analysis.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-106
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• 1998

The Health Promotion Model by Pender(l987) was used as the conceptual framework for analyzing the health promotion behaviors. The purposes of this study were to describe health promoting life style behaviors in 245 women between the ages of 35 and 59 living in Seoul and other cities and to find their predictive factors. Data were collected from 1st to 23th. June. 1998. The tool used for this study was structured questionnaire with consisted of 8 items on general characteristics. 5 items on health related characteristics. 43 items on health promoting life style. 28 items on menopausal symptoms. 5 items on family support. and 28 items on self-efficacy. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS. yielding descriptive statistics. ANOVA. Pearson's Correlation. stepwise multiple regression. The findings of this study are as follows. 1) The mean score of health promotion behavior(3.25) is not high. The mean scores of this self actualization (3.73). interpersonal support (3.68). and nutrition (3.57). regulation of stress (3.22) in domains are higher than health responsibility (2.90). exercise (2.63). 2) The results of the comparison between the health promotion behaviors and general variables showed a statistically significant difference in education (P=.0061), domestic economy status(P=.0001). perception of health status(P=.0001) but. age. state of menstruation. perception of weight is not significant difference. 3) The correlation between health promoting life style and self-efficacy(P=.0001). family support(P=.0001) is significant. But. there is no correlation between health promoting life style and age. number of family. perception of weight. 4) In the cognitive-perceptual factors. self-efficacy (P=.0001) is very significant predictor (accounted for $39.7\%$) and in the modifying factors. family support(P=.0001) is very significant (accounted for $9.0\%$). It is same to other research results.