• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.125-138
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was attempted to find out female smoking behavior and the smoking related factors. Method: Study subjects were 226 female smokers who have visited temporary clinic or smoking cessation clinic run by 10 public health centers in Incheon. The data were collected through the questionnaire specially designed for this study from April 1 to June 30, 2008. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Result: 68.0% of feale smokers have smoked habitually. The average daily smoking amount of the subjects was $12.0{\pm}8.7$ ea, average rate of nicotine dependence was $4.2{\pm}2.2$ points, the mean smoking duration was $12.7{\pm}9.3$ years, and the smoking start age was $23.1{\pm}8.5$ year old. The smoking behavior by the drinking frequency showed significant difference in average daily smoking amount and rate of nicotine dependence(p<.05). Also the smoking behavior by exercise showed significant difference in current smoking frequency(p<.05). There was positive relation between female smoking behavior and monthly income, frequency of drinking, exercise, and stress respectively(p<.05, p<.01). Conclusion: Compared to a male smoker, the average daily smoking amount of a female smoker was less and the duration of smoking was longer. This study suggests that not only a social movement about a female smoking cessation is imperative but also smoking cessation programs should be combined with reduced drinking consumption, exercise and stress relief programs. Moreover, early intervention for preventing teenager smoking should be added to smoking cessation programs.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.353-362
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest a professional consensus on the topics that should be dealt with importantly in the movement program for the recovery of cancer patients in Korea. As a result of calculating the importance of the finalized movement program component, First, the opinions about the environment for the promotion of movement were suggested as pleasant facilities, natural lighting, rest room space, facilities aspect of environment friendly space, education about diseases, participation programs, health feedback, information handouts. Second, the opinions on the purpose of the movement program were suggested to promote prevention and early screening of cancer, education, sharing effective treatment methods of cancer patients, cognitive aspect and psychological support for accurate information transmission, stress relief, and improvement of quality of life. Third, the opinions on the consideration of the movement program suggested stress relieving, cancer patient's needs, correct information delivery, quality of life, and participation of cancer patients. Fourth, the problems of the movement program were presented with different physical characteristics, physical inconvenience, the patient side of passive participation, space narrowness and lack, space aspect of program exclusive space etc.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

Background: Preoperative blocking of surgical nociceptive inputs may prevent sensitization of central nervous system (CNS) and reduce postoperative pain. The stress responses to surgical trauma consist of increase in catabolic hormones and decrease in anabolic hormones. We studied whether preoperative low dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine could affect postoperative pain, changes plasma cortisol, and serum glucose. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of three groups. General anesthesia was induced in all patients and after that, epidural blocks were done except the control group (n=10) patients. Preoperative block group (n=10) received 0.5% bupivacaine 50 mg and morphine 2 mg epidurally as a bolus before operation and followed by 0.1% bupivacaine $5\;mghr^{-1}$ and morphine $0.2\;mghr^{-1}$ for 10 hours. Postoperative block group (n=10) received the same doses of bupivacaine and morphine under the same method postoperatively. Postoperative pain relief was provided with i.v. fentanyl through Patient-Controlled-Analgesia Pump. Postoperative pain by visual analogue scores (VAS), analgesic requirement (first requirement time, total amounts used), side effects, plasma cortisol level and serum glucose level were compared. Results: Until postoperative 6 hrs, VAS of control group was higher than those of the epidural groups. No difference was observed in VAS between the two epidural groups. First analgesics requirement time and total amounts of used analgesics were not different between the two epidural groups, but first analgesic requirement time of preoperative block group was significantly prolonged compared with control group. Plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels were not different among groups. Conclusions: Low dose preoperative epidural bupivacaine and morphine could not reduce postoperative pain, plasma cortisol level and serum glucose level compared with postoperative block group.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2015

Purpose: Forests have positive effects on health due to phytoncide, thus increasing physical activity and stress relief. However, research has not been conducted on the daily health benefits of existing forests. Therefore, this study attempts to compare the health status and behaviors of residents in urban and forested areas. Methods: This cross-sectional study used anthropometric measures, blood tests, heart rate variability, depression, stress, and health behavior self-reports for adults between 35 and 79 years from two regions. Results: Adults living in a forested region had better health consequences-including lower prevalence of osteoarthritis (6.4%) and mean bone mineral density (-0.84) -than those in an urban region (osteoarthritis: 13.7%; bone mineral density: -1.55). The percentage of 'physically active' participants (measured in MET-minutes) differed significantly different between the forested (49.1%) and urban (7.3%) areas. However, health behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular heath check-up rates were worse among residents from the forested, than the urban area. Conclusion: We concluded that more proactive forest therapy programs are needed to prove the health differences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.598-608
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• 2021

This study aimed to examine the personality traits of a specific group using color reflection reading (CRR) analysis. An experiment was conducted to examine the color preferences of dental hygienists in a certain community. The color psychology test was conducted with 238 dental hygienists currently employed in dental clinics or hospitals in Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, in the form of a self-administered questionnaire. Participating dental hygienists were differentiated into groups by their order of selection of eight different colors, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The analysis results showed that the most common first-, second-, and third-choice colors were magenta, yellow, and magenta, respectively. By age, magenta was the most common first-choice color in all age groups. When the results were analyzed by marital status and the presence or absence of offspring, the same results were obtained. Yellow and blue were the most common second-choice colors for married and unmarried participants, respectively. The findings were expected to provide data for human resource management, such as for developing better working environments that account for stress relief or psychological stability using color preferences or complementary colors.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.186-195
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• 2000

In this paper, partial discharge (PD) measurement was performed to evaluate the quality of the cable joint and termination constructions. The resistive coupling technique for PD detection using resistivity of semiconducting layer of the cable in the accessories, such as joints and terminations. With high frequency PD (HEPD) measurement, an excellent sensitivity below 20pC could be achieved under unshielded condition. The localization of the defects in the accessories could be identified. During heating cycle, PDs were monitored and analyzed. At that time, the PDs were dependent on the temperature of the heating cycle and showed cyclic behaviors, which were attributed to local delamination of the interfaces, between epoxy unit and stress relief cone(SRC) and between SRC and cable, due to the difference of thermal expansion. As a conclusion, HFPD measurement technique was proven to be an effective diagnostic method for qualification of extra high voltage (EHV) cable accessories. With this technique, the optimal design of the components of the accessories could be verified not only in an early stage but also under operating condition. This technique would result in the improvement of the reliability of the EHV cable accessories.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.403-407
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• 2016

In general, drum-type boilers are designed for base load duty and applied under constant pressure operation mode. Recently, however conditions often occur that even drum-type boilers have to operate at partial load conditions. A feasibility study on adopting the sliding pressure operation for drum-type boiler was conducted, and corresponding performance changes and effects on the equipment were analyzed by utilizing a process simulation model. As a result, the conclusion was reached that drum type boilers are able to adopt the sliding pressure operation and can improve of net efficiency at part load operation in spite of the Rankine cycle efficiency reduction due to the decreases in main steam pressure. Because of thank to improvement of high pressure turbine stage-1 internal efficiency and power savings of boiler feed water pump. The sliding pressure operation is advantageous in terms of stress level relief for boiler tube as well as maintaining the rating steam temperature at part load condition. However, cautions are required because the drum boilers have poor dynamic response characteristics which may get worse during the sliding pressure operation.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.88-94
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• 2001

Stellite 12 alloy-powders were overlaid on 410 stainless steel valve seat using plasma transferred arc(PTA) process. Variation of the microstructure, hardness, wear and corrosion of overlaid deposit with current change was investigated. The deposit showed hypoeutectic microstructure, which was consisted of primary cobalt dendrite and networked $M_7C_3$ type eutectic carbides. As current increased, the amount of eutectic carbide decreased and its dendritic secondary arm spacing increased. Hardness of the deposit was decreased with increase of current. Stress relief heat treatment at $600^{\circ}C$ for two hours resulted in slight increase of hardness in the deposit and showed uniform hardness distribution in base metal without any hardened layer in HAZ. Specific wear decreased with increase of sliding distance. The deposit of high hardness with a lot of eutectic carbide showed relatively low specific wear. Initial corrosion current density of the deposit in 0.1N sulfuric acid was lower than those of 410 stainless steel, and showed a little variation with PTA current.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2006

It is well known that earth pressure on the cylindrical open caisson and cylindrical retaining wall of a shaft is less than that at-rest and in plane strain condition because of the horizontal and vertical arching effects due to wall displacement and stress relief. In order to examine the earth pressure distribution of a cylindrical wall, model tests were performed in dry sand for the care of constant wall displacement with depth. Model test apparatus which can control wall displacement, wall friction, and wall shape ratio was developed. The effects of various factors that influence earth pressure acting on the cylindrical retaining wall of a shaft were investigated.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.128-149
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• 1998

Cigarette smoking has been identified as the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality. Smoking behavior varies each individual, so individuality & subjectivity of smoking behavior must be specially focused upon to understand smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to find attitudes of university students in the prediction of smoking behavior. Q-Methodological method was used as a research design and data were collected during the period from Jan.1, 1997 to Feb. 28, 1998. As the research method, Q-statements were collected through in- depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 33 Q-statements were selected. There were 45 university students as subjects for the research. The 45 university students sorted the 33 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, Pc Quanl program was used for analysis and Q-factors were analyzed by using principal component analysis. According to the results of this study, there were four categories of opinion about the smoking behavior in university students. The first type is seeking the habitual dependency. The second type is seeking the stress relief : The third type is seeking the active disapproval : The fourth type is seeking the self control. As a result, The meaning of the smoking behavior is affected by perceived subjective experience, so we need to understand each persons meaning of the smoking behavior and to develop appropriate nursing interventions based on the typology of smoking behavior. Finally, The result of the study will provide basic data for smoking prevention and cessation program.