• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.621-630
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking status and related factors among adolescents in Korea. Methods: We used data from the 5-7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The distribution of smokers and smoking status according to general characteristics was analyzed using complex chi-square tests. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between smoking experience and general characteristics by calculating the 95% confidence intervals. Results: There were 618 subjects who had experience smoking one or two puffs, the starting age of one or two puffs on smoking was 14.37 years old, the number of smoking days per month was 12.42 days, and the amount of smoking per day in a month was 7.59. Gender, residential area, income level, drinking experience, subjective health status, perceived stress level, continuous depression for more than 2 weeks, suicidal thoughts within a year, and age were significantly related to smoking experience. Conclusions: It is necessary to understand the smoking behavior of adolescents. It is important to lower the smoking rate among adolescents through the development and operation of systematic smoking prevention and smoking cessation policies at the national level, as well as the efforts of youth themselves to quit smoking.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.250-260
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• 2020

The purpose of the present study was to explore the most effective body region and cooling temperature to alleviate heat strain of workers in hot environments. We developed liquid cooling hood, vest, sleeves and socks and applied the water temperatures of 10, 15, 20, and 25℃ through the liquid cooling garments in a hot and humid environment (33℃ air temperature and 70% RH air humidity). A healthy young male participated in a total of 16 experimental trials (four cooling garments × four cooling temperatures) with the following protocol: 10-min rest, 40-min exercise on a treadmill and 10-min recovery. The results showed that rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, and ratings of perceived exertion during exercise; heart rate and diastolic blood pressure during recovery; and total sweat rate were lower for the vest condition than other garment conditions(p < .05). However, there was no differences in mean skin temperature among the four cooling garments when we compared the values converted by covering area(%BSA). When we classified the results by cooling temperature, there were no consistent differences in thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses among the four temperatures, but 25℃ water temperature was evaluated as being the most ineffective cooling temperature in terms of subjective responses. In conclusion, the results indicated that wearing cooling vest with < 20℃ cooling temperature can alleviate heat strain of workers in hot and humid environments. If the peripheral body regions are cooled with liquid cooling garments, larger cooling area with lower cooling temperature than 10℃ would be effective to reduce heat strain of workers. Further studies with a vaild number of subjects are required.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop a tool for multidimensional measurement of the quality of life, which was psychometrically sound, short, and easy to administer for patients with hypertension. Methods : A sample of 1,115 hypertensive patients aged 20 or above in Cheong-Song County was studied from June 1997 to October 1998. In the development of the instrumental stage, the authors first conceptualized the quality of life. Item generation, item reduction, and questionnaire formatting were followed. Item-level (item descriptive, missing%, item internal consistency, item discriminant validity) analysis, scale-level (scale descriptive, floor and ceiling effect) analysis, and other tests(Cronbach's alpha, inter-dimension correlations, factor analysis, clinical validity) were performed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the new measurement scale. After 1 year, responsiveness and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Results : The results of both item-level and scale-level analyses were acceptable. An acceptable degree of internal consistency was observed for each of the dimensions (Cronbach's alpha was 0.60 or higher). Inter-dimension correlations were below 0.50 and the factor analysis result was the same as the intended dimension structure. Correlation coefficients between perceived health status, stress and dimensions were proven to be acceptable. The result of comparing dimensional score means among ADL and MMSE-K groups above 60 years was statistically significant(p<0.05). The result of confirmatory factor analysis concluded that the dimensional structure model was well fitted. However, the result of responsiveness test using sensitivity and specificity was unsatisfactory. Conclusions : The newly developed measurement scale is psychometrically reliable and valid instrument for measuring quality of life in hypertensive patients.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

This study was designed to assess diet and health-related factors of older adults in Korea. Subjects females were 2,660 adults aged 50 and over living in Korea. Males were 847 persons and were 1813 persons. The mean weight and height for males and females were 63.8 $\pm$ 0.3kg / 164.0 $\pm$ 0.2cm and 57.0 $\pm$ 0.2kg /150.6 $\pm$ 0.1cm respectively. BMI (body mass index), body fat, and percent fat were significantly greater in females than in males. The muscle mass and body water were significantly greater in males than in females. Twenty-one percent of total subjects lived alone and 26% with spouse only. Most of the subject's self-reported income was in middle level (65%) or low level (24%). Proportion of subjects who answered 'very poor' or 'poor' on perceived health status was higher in older group. The 50-64 years old group was facing more stress than 65yr and over group. Among male subjects,38.4% were current-smokers and 22.0% were ex-smokers. But only 6.5% of female subjects were current-smokers. Males turned out to have better dietary habits-meal frequency per day, mealtime regularity, regular meal size and balanced eating-than females (p < 0.001). This study revealed that the diet and health-related factors affect nutritional status and chronic diseases of the elderly. For better management and evaluation of health status of the elderly, more effective nutritional assessment tools should be developed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify its influencing factors of depressive symptoms in postmenopausal middle-aged women though analyzing secondary data. The data of 647 with 40~65 aged women who participated in the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2016 were used. The data were analyzed by complex sample independent t-test and multiple linear regression. In multiple linear regression analysis, economic status, subjective health status, perceived stress, smoking, physical activity, and limitation of active had significant effect on depressive symptoms in postmenopausal middle-aged women. These variables explained 36% of the variance in depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that healthcare providers should be considered to these factors when developing intervention strategies to decrease depressive symptoms in postmenopausal middle-aged women.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-97
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of music for alleviating PTSD symptoms among North Korean resettlers. Out of 80 initial responses from North Korean resettlers living in Seoul metropolitan area, 78 surveys were analyzed. The questionnaire focused on traumatic events encountered, PTSD symptoms experienced, and the use of music in relation to the symptoms. The analysis revealed that all participants had been exposed to traumatic events either directly or indirectly, and 32% of the responders have experienced at least one of the PTSD symptoms in the last one month. Most of the participants perceived music to be necessary in everyday life as well as for managing PTSD related symptoms. On the other hand, only 38% actually use music in everyday life whereas 75% use music for managing PTSD symptoms. They mainly listen to music but also engage in singing, utilize music from both North and South Korea, and they perceive the most important reason for using music to be for emotional comfort and transition. The analysis provides additional information that are valuable for the therapeutic use of music for North Korean resettlers living with PTSD symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.5
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• pp.585-592
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• 2001

Interest in the development of urban trails is growing in South Korea. River front trails have been developed in Seoul, Daegu and other major cities. Such trails, and the corridors in which they are developed, often provide a myriad of benefits to the community, including open space, exercise, and stress release. This trend mirrors development patterns found in the United States and European nations. This study examined differences in trail users perceptions of trail attributes, activity participation, willingness to pay for trail access, and perceptions of trail benefits between trail users in the United States and those in South Korea. Perceptions of trail users at three trail sites in the metropolitan area of Daegu were examined, and then were compared to results reported in several studies conducted in the U. S. While this research was exploratory, it did uncover many interesting differences in perceptions of trail attributes between trail users in the two countries. This information may provide insight into the development of greenway systems in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.495-505
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• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for Screening the Over-weight-type Dietary Pattern in 30 to 49 Year Old Adults. We used the data from the 30 to 49 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys - the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as the National Health and Nutrition Survey 1998. The 3,598 adults were classified into to two body fatness groups of normal (including underweight) and overweight (including obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW) When comparing variables between the two groups, significant differences were found in gender, education, job, employment status, perceived health status, sadness / depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, drinking pattern (yes/no) , amount of alcoholic drinks, frequency of intoxication or drunkeness, amount of alcoholic drinks when drunk, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, exercise duration, skipped meals, small meals and drug supplements. In terms of food intake, there were significant differences in the daily food intake in terms of breakfast, dinner, daily kimchi and dairy products. In terms of mealtimes, we found differences in the amount of cooked rice at breakfast, kimchi at lunch, soup / kuk at dinner, fresh vegetables for snacks, fried foods for snacks between breakfast and lunch, and fruits /juices for snacks between lunch and dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis three times, we chose 10 questions for a simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight-type category in order to give one point each. Among them we selected two questions to add one additional point and one question to add two additional points. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the developed questionnaire, were $5.97 \pm 2.36 \pm 7.36 \pm 2.21$, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 67%, 59% and 62%, respectively.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the level of friendship perceived by hospital staffs in korean medicine hospitals in Gwangju and relationship between friendship and organizational effectiveness. Method : The subject were 134 hospital staffs in 5 different hospitals in Gwangju. The questionnaire used in this study contained 44 questions about workplace friendship (15 questions), organizational effectiveness (16 questions), social demographic characteristics (8 questions) and others (5 questions). Results : Young woman in their 20s and 30s were major participants (69person, 52.7%), nursing and administrative department(72person, 55%) were dominant division, the person those who have less than 1 year current workplace career(69person, 52.7%) were major group in this study. Participants responded about barriers of friendship at workplace were lack of opportunities for formal or informal meeting and lack of hospital's interest and supporting about human relations among employees at workplace. Both friendship level with superior and friendship level with subordinate were lower than friendship level with colleague. (p=.000) Participants who have higher workplace friendship level, were also higher level at job satisfaction, organizational commitment and lower level at turnover intention, job stress. Especially friendship level with superior had biggest relationship with variables of organizational effectiveness. Conclusion : Participants showed close relationship with friendship degree and organizational effectiveness. We suggest that the CEOs of korean medicine hospital would make their effort to improve friendship level of workers for the rise of organizational effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.572-584
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to identify the female nurses' perception of the types and characteristics of male nurses using Q-methodology, which can explore human subjectivity. The 35 selected Q-statements from each of 35 subjects were classified into a normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Principal Component Analysis identified 3 types of perception toward male nurses. Type 1 was classified as 'development-oriented support type', Type 2 was classified as 'realistic critical type', and Type 3 was classified as 'conservative acceptance type'. The consensus of opinion in each type was 'Male nurses are under stress due to the unique characteristics of a female-dominated workplace'. These results will contribute to the perception improvement of female nurses toward male nurses by developing arbitration programs based on the three types.