• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.69-88
• /
• 1999

Only service organizations providing service quality above customers' anticipations have survived and developed in hyper competitive environment. These organizations are more dependent on their customer-contact service employees than those providing tangible products, because of the characteristics of service, intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, and perishability. But few researches focused on the efficient managements or controls of service organizations in this context. Therefore, author aimed at understanding of the determinants of service organizations' control system(i.e., characteristics of service), service employees' reaction on control types(i.e., service employees' role stress), and their performance(perceived service quality by customers). First the concepts of service quality and control systems are described. Specially, author explained the differences between service quality and service satisfaction or service attitude, and the control system types and their fundamental ideologies. Second, some propositions are provided according to integrated framework developed in this paper: (1)control types according to the characteristics of service, (2)influences of control systems on employees' reactions and (3)perceives service quality by the customers, and (4)relationships between the reactions and the service quality. This paper concludes with a summary, a discussion of theoretical and managerial implications, and several suggestions for future directions.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.7
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationships of alcohol consumption patterns to mental distress and self-rated health. Data of 19,856 adult drinkers over 19 years of age and older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Risks of experiencing perceived high stress, depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts were higher in alcohol use disorder group in male, whereas the risks were higher in both alcohol use disorder and hazardous drinking groups in female, reflecting higher susceptibility to mental distress. In both male and female, former drinkers presented poor self-rated health compared with low-risk drinkers, although no difference was found in the prevalence of mental distress. Specialized mental health management measures for female drinkers are required, and former drinkers are suggested to be assessed separately from never or low-risk drinkers for their physical and mental health status.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2013

English native listeners have a tendency to treat strong syllables in a speech stream as the potential initial syllables of new words, since the majority of lexical words in English have a word-initial stress. The current study investigates whether Korean (L1) - English (L2) late bilinguals perceive strong syllables in English continuous speech as word onsets, as English native listeners do. In Experiment 1, word-spotting was slower when the word-initial syllable was strong, indicating that Korean listeners do not perceive strong syllables as word onsets. Experiment 2 was conducted in order to avoid any possibilities that the results of Experiment 1 may be due to the strong-initial targets themselves used in Experiment 1 being slower to recognize than the weak-initial targets. We employed the gating paradigm in Experiment 2, and measured the Isolation Point (IP, the point at which participants correctly identify a word without subsequently changing their minds) and the Recognition Point (RP, the point at which participants correctly identify the target with 85% or greater confidence) for the targets excised from the non-words in the two conditions of Experiment 1. Both the mean IPs and the mean RPs were significantly earlier for the strong-initial targets, which means that the results of Experiment 1 reflect the difficulty of segmentation when the initial syllable of words was strong. These results are consistent with Kim & Nam (2011), indicating that strong syllables are not perceived as word onsets for Korean listeners and interfere with lexical segmentation in English running speech.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.5-18
• /
• 2002

Purpose: Women have been often underdiagnosed and undertreated when they have as high mortality as men of ischemic heart disease, such as angina. One of the reasons of women's under treatment is associated with either vague, non-traditional symptoms or longer delay in seeking professional help when they experience ischemic heart disease. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of women's anginal pain induced by the treadmill test and to explore the potential relationship(s) between anginal pain and other psycho-physiologic factors. Methods: Of 22 female patients referred to treadmill test, 7 with positive finding participated in this study. Anginal pain in the past was analyzed by Rose questionnaire, whereas anginal pain induced by the treadmill test was identified by McGill pain scale, visual analogue scale and present pain index. Results: Women expressed more heaviness than sharp pain, and complained splitting more often than subjects in previous study that included both men and women. Pain intensity by VAS $3.64{\pm}3.94$, Pain rating index was $5.14{\pm}7.29$, present pain index was $1.57{\pm}1.81$, duration of pain was $5.14{\pm}4.8$ min. Exercise intensity was $6.0{\pm}4.63$ METs, exercise duration was $364.29{\pm}141.39$ sec, ST change was -2.0mm and rate of perceived exertion was $16.29{\pm}2.06$. The relationships between pain intensity and pain duration, ST segment changes were significant. Correlation among pain measures was significant. Conclusion: Generalization of these pilot findings may be inappropriate, and therefore, further larger study is needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the convergent influence of social awareness and health status on social support in Korean echo generation by using Korea adult psycho-social anxiety survey data. Korea adult psycho-social anxiety survey data were collected from August to September 2015 and included 1,653, who responded to the question regarding social support. The data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square and hierarchial multiple regression using SPSS WIN 23.0 program. The mean score of social support was 19.60. The influencing factors on social support were neighborhood relations, perceived class, euphoria, equality in society, stability in society, self Esteem, communication, and stress, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies to strengthen social support of echo generation. A more careful examination may be warranted.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine halitosis perception status of firefighters and identify the factors related to halitosis; for this purpose, a survey was conducted in 241 firefighters in Daejeon, obtaining the following results: First. The higher level of smoking and alcohol intake, the more likely to perceive halitosis; all of those with a general disease perceived halitosis; and the more stress, the more likely to perceive halitosis. Second, The respondents who brushed their teeth three times a day, who spent 1~2 minutes in brushing their teeth, who failed to wash their tongue, and who had never received oral health education were most likely to perceive halitosis. And third. such factors as age, the amount of tongue coating, and dry mouth affected halitosis perception status. Firefighters' halitosis perception is related to several factors. For this reason, emphasis is placed on the need to develop a program for helping firefighters prevent halitosis and remove oral symptoms and to give education for good oral health management.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.93-103
• /
• 2014

The objective of the present study is to investigate healing design attributes for adolescent patients and to identify the relationship among healing design attributes and the meaning of home. This study examined the environmental preferences of American adolescents for hospital rooms to investigate age-appropriate healing design attributes. The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) concept was adapted to this study as a theoretical framework. One hundred six American adolescents participated in the survey. Participant adolescents consisted of two groups by their health status: forty-seven adolescent patients who were waiting for their surgical operations in waiting rooms and fifty-nine healthy high school students while they were at school. Participants aged in range from 14-year to 18-year olds with a mean of 16-year olds. Data collection consisted of two different instruments: Emotional state survey with demographics and environmental preference survey. Environmental values that are important to adolescents were control of privacy, having outside view, and quiet places to go. However, staying in a single-bed room for hospitalization is ranked the lowest score for the participating adolescents. Adolescents who perceived higher stress level preferred to have quiet places to go, to control over privacy and to have outside view significantly. The study resulted that the most important design attribute for American Adolescents was "privacy control", which is the essence of the meaning of home. There are some significant discrepancies in environmental preferences of hospital rooms by different genders and different health status.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.3279-3286
• /
• 2014

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Korea. To reduce cancer incidence, the Korean National Cancer Center (KNCC) has been expanding its organized cancer screening program. In addition, there are opportunistic screening programs that can be chosen by individuals or their healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with participation in organized and opportunistic cancer screening programs, with a particular focus on socioeconomic factors. Materials and Methods: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a cross-sectional nationwide study conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2007 to 2011. The study included information from 9,708 men and 12,739 women aged 19 years or over. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for age, year of data collection, residential region, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption status, exercise, marriage status, job status, perceived health status, stress level, BMI, limitation of activities, cancer history, health insurance type, and private insurance status, to investigate the association between education level, economic status, and cancer screening participation. Results: In terms of education level, disparities in attendance were observed only for the opportunistic screening program. In contrast, there was no association between education level and participation in organized screening. In terms of economic status, disparities in opportunistic screening participation were observed at all income levels, but disparities in organized screening participation were observed only at the highest income level. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that socioeconomic factors, including educational level and economic status, were not significantly associated with participation in organized cancer screening, except at the highest level of income.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 2003

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors which affected exercise and the perceived exercise behaviors in women according to Q-methodology and to provide basic strategies for health promotion of middle-aged women in Korea. Method: Q-methodology provides a scientific method for identifying perception structures that exist within certain individuals or groups. Thirty subjects in Seoul, Incheon, Chung-buk classified 35 selected Q-statements in to 9 points standard. The collected data was analyzed by using a QUANL pc program. Result: Principal component analysis identified 3 types of exercise behavior of middle-aged women in Korea and named by the researcher. They are called persistent activity preference type, living-exercise preference type, exercise mania type. In persistent activity preference type, the middle-aged women thought activity was very helpful to achieving health and releasing stress or fatigue. Also, they recognized the relationship between physical health and psychological health. In living-exercise preference type, the middle-aged women preferred maintaining stability or nonactivity to intended exercise or activity for health. In exercise mania type, the middle-aged women thought there was no other way to keep her health than to exercise. Conclusion: The findings of this study will provide the health care provider including nurse with useful information. It's very important to offer appropriate exercise intervention to the middle-aged women of each type by taking into consideration the characteristics of individual types.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1056-1064
• /
• 2018

Purpose. This study reported on body type perception of people aged ${\geq}19years$, regardless of gender, and on its association with disease morbidity and the quality of life and aimed to observe the effects of stress on body weight perception, disease morbidity, and the quality of life. Methods. The data from 218,899 persons aged ${\geq}19years$ who were respondents to the 2010 Community Health Survey were finally analyzed. A designated program was used to perform complex sample analysis; chi-square test was carried out to determine body type perception by the general characteristics and disease status and analyze health-related behavior and weight control behavior by body type perception, and multiple logistic regression was used to observe the effects of body type perception on mental health and the quality of life. Results. 34.9% of all the respondents misperceived their body type and females were more likely to misperceive their body type. The older they were, the more poorly they perceived their body type; those perceiving their body type poorly were significantly more susceptible to both hypertension and diabetes. When correction was made in relation to gender, age, and so on, those perceiving their body type excessively were more susceptible to hypertension (1.43[1.367-1.050]) and diabetes morbidity (1.36[1.294-1.428]). Body type perception affected the quality of life: the respondents perceiving their body type poorly (0.91[0.884-0.940]) or excessively (0.75[0.720-0.770]) showed lower quality of life than those perceiving their body type correctly. Conclusions. Distorted body type perception affected disease morbidity and the quality of life: the respondents excessively perceiving their body type were significantly more susceptible to both hypertension and diabetes and those perceiving their body type excessively or poorly showed lower quality of life than those perceiving it correctly. It is therefore necessary to make multilateral efforts to cultivate correct body type perception.