• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Drought is a major limiting factor in turfgrass management. Turfgrass responses to water deficit depend on the amount and the rate of water loss as well as the duration of the stress condition. This review paper was designed to understand responses such as photosynthesis, canopy spectral reflectance, plant cell, root, hormone and protein alteration when turfgrass got drought stress. Furthermore, mechanisms to recover from drought conditions were reviewed in detail. However, there are still many questions regarding plant adaptation to water deficit. It is not clear that the mechanism by which plants detect water deficit and transfer that signal into adaptive responses. Turfgrass research should focus on the best management practices such as how to enhance the ability of self-defense mechanism through understanding plant responses by environmental stress.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.18-27
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• 2013

This study is being conducted in order to confirm the effects of inhaling method for aromatherapy on cortisol which is a stress hormone by the saliva test method. An attempt is being made to dertermine if there are any differences between the effect of lavender and rosemary when concidering their effects on the cortisolsl. The test shows a statistically significant decrease in the cortisol levesl(Table 4), and as far as the comparison of the effects between lavender(N=10) and rosemary(N=10) is concerned, the lavender group show a p-value of .005 which means that there are no statistical significances; while the rosemary group show p-values of .081 meaning that there is a decrease in cortisol levels, which is statistically significant(Table 5). It has been proven that the saliva test method is a practical and scientific method when confirming the effects of aromatherapy and also a convenient method for both of the test coordinator and the subjects. Results of all 20 subjects showed similar results obtained by means of conventional blood tests. However, the rosemary group shows statistically significant decrease in cortisol level compared to the lavender group, thus proving that the test method for studying the effect of aromatherapy on stress is valid. Further studies should be conducted in order to investigate the differences in the effects of the cortisol level at different concentrations of the aroma.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.2237-2243
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• 2020

Background: The myofascial release technique is known to be an effective technique for increasing posterior fascia flexibility in short hamstring syndrome (SHS) subjects. But therapeutic mechanism of myofascial relaxation remains unclear. Recently, the theory of autonomic nervous system domination has been raised, however, a proper study to test the theory has not been conducted. Objectives: To investigate whether the application of the myofascial release technique can induce changes in the autonomic nervous system and affect the secretion of stress hormones and myofascial relaxation. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Methods: Twenty-four subjects with SHS were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group, the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) technique was applied to the subjects for 4 min in supine position, and in the control group, the subjects were lying in the supine position only. A forward flexion distance (FFD) was conducted, blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol levels were measured before and after the intervention and 30 min after intervention to determine myofascial relaxation and stress hormone levels. The evaluation was conducted separately in blind by an evaluator. Results: A FFD decreased in the experimental group, no change in cortisol was observed. On the contrary, a decrease in cortisol appeared in the control group after 30 minutes. Conclusion: The myofascial release technique is an effective treatment to increase the range of motion through posterior superior myofascial chain, but there is no evidence that myofascial release technique can control the autonomic nervous system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2023

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the main problems associated with seed dormancy. PHS causes yield loss and reduction of grain quality under unpredictable humid conditions at the ripening stage, thus affecting the economic value of the rice crop. To resolve this issue, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism underlying seed dormancy in rice. Recent studies have shown that seed dormancy is affected by a large number of genes associated with plant hormones. However, the effect of heat stress on seed dormancy and plant hormones is not well understood. In this study, we compared the PHS rate as well as the transcriptome and small RNAome of the seed embryo and endosperm of two different accessions of rice, PHS-susceptible rice (low dormancy) and PHS-resistant rice (high dormancy) under three different maturation stages. We identified and verified the candidate genes associated with seed dormancy and heat stress-related responses in rice using quantitative real-time PCR. We newly discovered hormone-related genes, heat shock protein-related genes, and miRNAs potentially involved in PHS. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the dynamics of transcriptome and small RNAome of hormone- and heat stress-related genes, which affect PHS during seed maturation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety, depression and stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) and to investigate the risk factors related to psychological difficulties. Sixty women with PCOS were evaluated for level of psychological stress using Beck depression inventory(BDI) and Depression anxiety stress scale(DASS) questionnaire. Serum antimullerian hormone, total testosterone, lutenizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, lipid profile and 75g oral glucose tolerance test were measured. Thirty healthy women served as the control. Fifty two women with PCOS and 29 healthy women completed a questionnaire. Women with depression who scored >13 by BDI and >10 by DASS were 38.5 %, women with anxiety who scored >8 by DASS were 23.1 %, and women with stress who scored >15 by DASS were 30.8 %, which were significantly higher than control. In PCOS women, total testosterone, LH and AMH were significantly correlated with depression and stress. Weight, body mass index and waist-hip ratio were also significantly correlated with depression. In women diagnosed as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, depression and stress were significantly prevalent. Women with PCOS seemed to be more vulnerable to depression, anxiety and stress. Early diagnosis and management should be considered.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2005

Physical and psychological events can produce stress response in various degrees. Stress affects many aspects of physiology including both brain and peripheral elements which is represented as hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Brain elements consist of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH), locus ceruleus(LC)-norepinephrine(NE)/autonomic system. Peripheral elements include pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system, which coordinate the stress response. Current trend of the stress researches is emphasizing the mechanisms of the stress response which is adaptive or become maladaptive. This review introduces 1) the concepts of stress, 2) physiological and behavioral aspects of stress responses, 3) the consequences of stress response, 4) the measurements of stress and 5) stress management for those interested in stress research.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.627-641
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• 2020

Intensive farming methods that do not guarantee animal welfare can induce stress in pigs. Stress, in turn, can reduce their disease resistance and influence their hormones and metabolites in such a manner that productivity is negatively affected. This study was conducted to compare the stress related factors and blood characteristics of pigs raised on conventional farms and those raised on animal welfare farms. We measured the levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, biochemical parameters in blood and glycogen, L-lactate and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in muscle, as physiological markers of indicating the stress in conventional farm pigs (Control, n=10) and animal welfare farm pigs (Welfare, n=10). We found that there was a significant difference in the albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio), as well as the albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels between the two farms. Epinephrine was significantly higher in conventional farm, while level of norepinephrine was higher in animal welfare farm. There was no significant difference in cortisol, which is known as a stress hormone, across the two groups of farms. Muscular glycogen content was significantly high in animal welfare farm pigs. While L-lactate tended to be low in the animal welfare farm pigs, the difference between them and the conventional farm cohorts was not significant. HSP70 showed high levels of expression in conventional farm. Thus, we suggested that blood parameter results showed a stress response in the livers of conventional farm, and that catecholamine hormones, glycogen, L-lactate and HSP70 can be used as physiological factors of assessing animal welfare.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

We isolated warm temperature acclimation-related protein 65-kDa (Wap65) cDNA from the liver of olive flounder and investigated the mRNA expression of Wap65 and HSP70 in olive flounder exposed to osmotic (17.5, 8.75, and 4 psu) and thermal stress (25 and $30^{\circ}C$). The mRNA expression of Wap65 and HSP70 was increased by thermal stress. The mRNA expression of HSP70 was also increased by osmotic stress, whereas no significant change in Wap65 expression was detected. These results indicate that Wap65 mRNA expression occurs specifically in response to increases in water temperature, but not in response to osmotic stress. Plasma cortisol levels were also increased by osmotic and thermal stress. We also utilized the stress hormone cortisol to examine whether Wap65 expression is thermal-stress-specific. Cortisol treatment increased HSP70 mRNA expression in vitro, but had no significant effect on Wap65 mRNA expression. Thus, thermal stress, but not osmotic stress, induces Wap65 expression.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

The study was designed to find out the effect of exam stress and vitamin B complex on hormones such as plasma ACTH, cortisol and prolactin. 21 medical students completed the whole period of the study. Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and SCL-90-R were used to measure stress perception and psychopathology. Radioimmunoassay was used to assess plasma ACTH, cortisol and prolactin. Plasma ACTH level was significantly higher 2 weeks prior to examination and exam period, respectively, than 4 weeks prior to the exam. However, there were no significant differences in plasma cortisol and prolactin level among the three periods. No significant differences were also found in plasma ACTH, cortisol and prolactin level between vitamin and non-vitamin groups during each period. Scores of stress perception in economic area significantly had a positive correlation with plasma ACTH and prolactin level, respectively, 2 weeks prior to the exam. In psychopathology, scores of hostility subscale significantly had a Positive correlation with plasma ACTH level. There were no significant differences in change of each of the hormones over time as well as between vitamin and non-vitamin groups. In conclusion, it was found that ACTH was more sensitive to exam stress than cortisol or prolactin, and that vitamin B complex had no significant influence on ACTH, cortisol and prolactin level.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1188-1197
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• 2019

Exposure to stress can lead to sympathetic hyperactivity, which include a systemic disease with lesions in a broad spectrum of organs and a psychiatric condition. The purpose aimed to evaluate the effect of the korea ginger essential oil on stress hormone and brain tissue response in chronic mild stress-induced rats model of sympathetic hyperactivity. Evaluation method carried out cytotoxicity assessment and component analysis, what observe the effects based on serum biomarker and histopathological analysis of brain tissue. As this time, the korea ginger essential oil was treatment at doses of 100 nl/㎖ for 2 weeks after make a chronic mild stress-induced rats model of sympathetic hyperactivity. As a result, the korea ginger essential oil was not toxic at less than 100 nl/㎖, contents of 6-gingerol was 345 ppm. Compared to the control rats, the korea ginger essential oil treatments significantly reduced the serum concentrations of stress hormone (i.e., ACTH, corticosterone, melatonin). Furthermore, The korea ginger essential oil treatments effectively preserved the TH-immune response was occasionally interrupted in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The results indicate that the korea ginger essential oil improved sympathetic hyperactivity. Thus, the korea ginger may be a novel material of aroma oils for the management of sympathetic hyperactivity.