• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2015

Recent breakthroughs in functional neuroimaging techniques have launched the quest of mapping the connections of the human brain, otherwise known as the human connectome. Imaging connectomics is an umbrella term that refers to the neuroimaging techniques used to generate these maps, which recently has enabled comprehensive brain mapping of network connectivity combined with graph theoretic methods. In this review, we present an overview of the key concepts in functional connectomics. Furthermore, we discuss articles that applied task-based and/or resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine network deficits in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These studies have provided important insights regarding the etiology of PTSD, as well as the overall organization of the brain network. Advances in functional connectomics are expected to provide insight into the pathophysiology and the development of biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of PTSD.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1427-1433
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• 2004

Purpose. The elderly with UI experienced urine leakage for a long time. The prevalence of UI has increased and it makes costly. Particularly, the elderly were reluctant to visit a hospital or a clinic for the reasons of modesty and poverty. To solve this problem, incontinence intervention programs should be provided at the elderly welfare center. The purpose of this research was to develop Incontinence Intervention Program for the Elderly Women (IIPE) and evaluate in its effect. Methods. The study design was quasi-experimental with pre and post-test. The study was performed for ten weeks at one elderly welfare center, Seoul, Korea. The subjects were gathered through an official announcement and informed consent was obtained. IIPE, in this study, was consisted of diagnosis, education, exercise and evaluation. The study variables were PFM exercise adherence, pelvic muscle strength, Continence self-efficacy, geriatric depression and incontinence stress. The effects of the IIPE on PFM exercise adherence, pelvic muscle strength, Continence self-efficacy, geriatric depression and incontinence stress were also evaluated. Results. The mean age of the subjects was 75.2 years. The average attendance was 6.2 times. The IIPE improved PFM exercise adherence, intra-vaginal contraction power and CSE significantly. But it was not significant in incontinence stress and geriatric depression. Other important results were that the two-finger test and urine stream interruption were more useful for elderly women with rigid vaginas in teaching and evaluating. Conclusion. The Findings suggest that IIPE is effective to the community-residing elderly. Further investigation is needed on a long-term basis with control group.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2002

There is an increasing appreciation of the vital role that biomechanics play in the performance of oral implant. The aim of this article is to provide some basic principles that will allow a clinician to formulate a biomechanically valid treatment plan. However, at this point in the history of oral implantology, the clinician should realize that we do not know enough to provide absolute biomechanical rules that will guarantee success of all implants in all situations. To examine the biomechanical questions, one must begin with an analysis of the distribution of biting forcess to implants. Related topics, such as stress transfer to surrounding tissues and interrelationships between bone biology and mechanical loading are major subjects, deserving a separate discussion. Once rigid fixation, angulation, crestal bone level, contour, and gingival health are achieved, stress beyond physiologic limits is the primary cause of initial bone loss around implants. The restoring dentist has specific responsibilities to reduce overload to the bone-implant interface. These include proper diagnosis, leading to a treatment plan designed with adequate retention and form, and progressive loading to improve the amount and density of bone and further reduce the risk of stress beyond physiologic limits. The major remaining factor is the development of occlusal concept in harmony with the rest of the stomagnetic system.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2011

Recently, the structural failures due to fatigue occur frequently with the increase of size of ships and offshore structures. In this respect, the assessment of fatigue life and the residual strength are very important. Currently, the smart materials technology has demonstrated a variety of possibilities for a diagnosis of structural strength and structural health condition for large structures. The benefits and feature of the MFC sensor are more flexible, durable and reliable than conventional smart material. In this study, Micro Fiber Composite (MFC) sensor for the measurement of stress intensity factor (SIF) of two dimensional cracks induced in a structure is developed. Two MFC sensors are placed in the vicinity of the crack tip close to each other with the crack tip in between them. The SIFs of Mode I($K_I$) as well as of Mode II($K_{II}$) based on the piezoelectric constitutive law and fracture mechanics are calculated. In this study, the SIF values measured by MFC sensors are compared with the theoretical results and measured value.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2005

The mammalian unfolded protein response (UPR) protects the cell. against the stress of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It has recently demonstrated that IRE1, PERK, ATF6, and X-box protein 1 (XBP-l) directly or indirectly participate in this process. Upon accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, release of BiP from Ire1p permits dimerization and autophosphorylation to activate its kinase and endoribonulease activities to initiate XBP-1 mRNA splicing. Spliced XBP-1 mRNA removed middle part of 23 bp and encodes a potent transcription factor, XBP-l protein that binds to the unfolded protein response element (UPRE) or endoplasmic reticulum stress element (ERSE) sequence of many UPR target genes and produces several kind of ER chaperones. In this study, we described both the result and the detailed experimental procedures of XBP-1 mRNA splicing induced by ER stress, this result might help to elucidate the roles of the UPR and early diagnosis in a number of human diseases involving endoplasmic reticulum storage disease (ERSD).

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2020

Korean fir (Abies koreana) is an evergreen coniferous tree species that is unique to South Korea. A. koreana is found in a limited sub-alpine habitat and is considered particularly vulnerable to climate change. Identification of populations vulnerable to climate change is an important component of conservation programs. In this study, a heat stress-induced transcriptome RNA-seq dataset was used to identify a subset of six genes for assessment as candidate marker genes for ecologically vulnerable populations. Samples of A. koreana were isolated from ecologically stable and vulnerable regions of the Halla and Jiri mountains, and the expression levels of the six candidate markers were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All six of the candidate genes exhibited higher expression levels in samples from vulnerable regions compared with stable regions. These results confirm that the six high temperature-induced genes can be used as diagnostic markers for the identification of populations of A. koreana that are experiencing stress due to the effects of climate change.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2010

Even experienced clinicians have difficulties in diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exactly, due to its diverse clinical features, which vary according to individuals, traumas, and various comorbid psychopathologies, and its related compensation issues. It is usually mandatory for clinicians and researchers to use screening and assessment tools when diagnosing and evaluating PTSD. To date, research has developed numerous PTSD screening and assessment tools ; therefore one of the cardinal issues is to select the best of the various tools, the one most suitable for the clinician's or researcher's purposes. This article reviews several currently-available subjective and objective instruments for the diagnosis and evaluation of PTSD and groups them according to whether they are Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-Correspondent Measures ; PTSD-Focused, Non-DSM-Correspondent Measures ; or Empirically Derived Measures. We present the instruments' psychometric properties and scoring methods and describe their merits and weak points, focusing on their practical usage.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.639-648
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• 2022

This study aims at numerically and experimentally investigating torsional guided wave mixing with weak material nonlinearity under acoustoelastic effect in tubular structures. The acoustoelastic effect on single central frequency guided wave propagation in structures has been well-established. However, the acoustoelastic on guided wave mixing has not been fully explored. This study employs a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model to simulate the effect of stress on guided wave mixing in tubular structures. The nonlinear strain energy function and theory of incremental deformation are implemented in the 3D FE model to simulate the guided wave mixing with weak material nonlinearity under acoustoelastic effect. Experiments are carried out to measure the nonlinear features, such as combinational harmonics and second harmonics in related to different levels of applied stresses. The experimental results are compared with the 3D FE simulation. The results show that the generation combinational harmonic at sum frequency provides valuable stress information for tubular structures, and also useful for damage diagnosis. The findings of this study provide physical insights into the effect of applied stresses on the combinational harmonic generation due to wave mixing. The results are important for applying the guided wave mixing for in-situ monitoring of structures, which are subjected to different levels of loadings under operational condition.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제41권
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• pp.160-167
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• 2024

The present study employs the Delphi method to devise a consensus-based protocol for utilizing integrated acupuncture in treating medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). Twenty acupuncture experts contributed opinions across six key themes, including diagnosis, acupuncture points, additional Traditional Oriental Medicine modalities, treatment rationale, treatment duration/frequency, and integration of yoga/naturopathic therapies. Consensus, defined as a 70% agreement or higher, was reached on all themes, reflecting a collective acknowledgment of the necessity for a holistic approach to MTSS management. The final protocol includes six diagnostic criteria, six acupuncture points, one additional modality, two Traditional Oriental Medicine therapies, four treatment rationales, and six yoga/naturopathic therapies. The present comprehensive protocol offers valuable guidance for healthcare professionals seeking an integrated approach to MTSS management.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

Objectives: We describe the development of a smoking and drinking prevention program for adolescents, using intervention mapping. Methods: The study sample consisted of 1,000 high school second-grade students from 6 high schools in Seoul. The PRECEDE model was applied for the needs assessment. We carried out a social diagnosis by assessing the factors such as the quality of life, happiness level, and satisfaction with school life; an epidemiological diagnosis on the perceived health status, stress levels, and priority of health issues; a behavioral diagnosis on the smoking and drinking rate and the intention to smoke and drink; and an educational diagnosis on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social norms and life skills. Results: The development process included a needs assessment, identifying factors that influence smoking and drinking among adolescents. Intention, knowledge, perceived norms, perceived benefit, perceived cost, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and life skills were identified as determinants. Three performance objectives were formulated to describe what an individual needs to do in order to avoid smoking and drinking. Subsequently, we constructed an intervention matrix by crossing the performance objectives with the selected determinants. Each cell describes the learning objectives of the smoking and drinking prevention program. The program used methods from the transtheoretical model, such as consciousness raising, outcome expectations, self-reevaluation, self-liberation, counterconditioning, environmental reevaluation, and stimulus control. The program deals with the effects of smoking and drinking, self-improvement, decision making, understanding advertisements, communication skills, social relationships, and assertiveness. Conclusions: By using the process of intervention mapping, the program developer was able to ensure a systematical incorporation of empirical and new data and theories to guide the intervention design. Programs targeting other health-related behavior and other methods or strategies can also be developed using this intervention mapping process.