• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.163-179
• /
• 2017

The axisymmetric buckling delamination of the Piezoelectric/Metal/Piezoelectric (PZT/Metal/PZT) sandwich circular plate with interface penny-shaped cracks is investigated. The case is considered where open-circuit conditions with respect to the electrical displacement on the upper and lower surfaces, and short-circuit conditions with respect to the electrical potential on the lateral surface of the face layers are satisfied. It is assumed that the edge surfaces of the cracks have an infinitesimal rotationally symmetric initial imperfection and the development of this imperfection with rotationally symmetric compressive forces acting on the lateral surface of the plate is studied by employing the exact geometrically non-linear field equations and relations of electro-elasticity for piezoelectric materials. The sought values are presented in the power series form with respect to the small parameter which characterizes the degree of the initial imperfection. The zeroth and first approximations are used for investigation of stability loss and buckling delamination problems. It is established that the equations and relations related to the first approximation coincide with the corresponding ones of the three-dimensional linearized theory of stability of electro-elasticity for piezoelectric materials. The quantities related to the zeroth approximation are determined analytically, however the quantities related to the first approximation are determined numerically by employing Finite Element Method (FEM). Numerical results on the critical radial stresses acting in the layers of the plate are presented and discussed. In particular, it is established that the piezoelectricity of the face layer material causes an increase (a decrease) in the values of the critical compressive stress acting in the face (core) layer.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.569-582
• /
• 2018

In this study, nonlinear vibration and stability of a polymeric pipe reinforced by single-walled carbon naotubes (SWCNTs) conveying fluid-nanoparticles mixture flow is investigated. The Characteristics of the equivalent composite are determined using Mori-Tanaka model considering agglomeration effects. The surrounding elastic medium is simulated by orthotropic visco-Pasternak medium. Employing nonlinear strains-displacements, stress-strain energy method the governing equations were derived using Hamilton's principal. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is used for obtaining the frequency and critical fluid velocity. The influence of volume percent of SWCNTs, agglomeration, geometrical parameters of pipe, viscoelastic foundation and fluid velocity are shown on the frequency and critical fluid velocity of pipe. Results showed the increasing volume percent of SWCNTs leads to higher frequency and critical fluid velocity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제73권6호
• /
• pp.685-698
• /
• 2020

The dynamic stability of a functionally graded polymer microbeam reinforced by graphene oxides subjected to a periodic axial force is investigated. The microbeam is assumed to rest on an elastic substrate and is subjected to various immovable boundary restraints. The weight fraction of graphene oxides nanofillers is graded across the beam thickness. The effective Young's modulus of the functionally graded graphene oxides reinforced composite (FG-GORC) was determined using modified Halpin-Tsai model, with the mixture rule used to evaluate the effective Poisson's ratio and the mass density. An improved third order shear deformation theory (TSDT) is used in conjunction with the Chebyshev polynomial-based Ritz method to derive the Mathieu-Hill equations for dynamic stability of the FG-GORC microbeam, in which the scale effect is taken into account based on modified couple stress theory. Then, the Mathieu-Hill equation was solved using Bolotin's method to predict the principle unstable regions of the FG-GORC microbeams. The numerical results show the effects of the small scale, the graphene oxides nanofillers as well as the elastic substrate on the dynamic stability behaviors of the FG-GORC microbeams.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2011

Optimization using a hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm coupled with response surface approximation has been performed to improve the performance of a transonic axial compressor with circumferential casing grooves. In order to optimize the operating stability and peak adiabatic efficiency of the compressor with circumferential casing grooves, tip clearance, angle distribution at blade tip and the depth of the circumferential casing grooves are selected as design variables. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the shear stress transport turbulence model are discretized by finite volume approximations. The trade-off between two objectives with the interaction of blade and casing treatment is determined and discussed with respect to the representative clusters in the Pareto-optimal solutions compared to the axial compressor without the casing treatment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.729-747
• /
• 2022

The critical buckling loads and buckling modes of bi-directional functionally graded porous unified higher order shear plate with elastic foundation are investigated. A mathematical model based on neutral axis rather than midplane is developed in comprehensive way for the first time in this article. The material constituents form ceramic and metal are graded through thickness and axial direction by the power function distribution. The voids and cavities inside the material are proposed by three different porosity models through the thickness of plate. The constitutive parameters and force resultants are evaluated relative to the neutral axis. Unified higher order shear plate theories are used to satisfy the zero-shear strain/stress at the top and bottom surfaces. The governing equilibrium equations of bi-directional functionally graded porous unified plate (BDFGPUP) are derived by Hamilton's principle. The equilibrium equations in the form of coupled variable coefficients partial differential equations is solved by using numerical differential integral quadrature method (DIQM). The validation of the present model is presented and compared with previous works for bucking. Deviation in buckling loads for both mid-plane and neutral plane are developed and discussed. The numerical results prove that the shear functions, distribution indices, boundary conditions, elastic foundation and porosity type have significant influence on buckling stability of BDFGPUP. The current mathematical model may be used in design and analysis of BDFGPU used in nuclear, mechanical, aerospace, and naval application.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.337-353
• /
• 2021

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are widely employed in sensors, biomedical devices, optic sectors, and micro-accelerometers. New reinforcement materials such as carbon nanotubes as well as graphene platelets provide stiffer structures with controllable mechanical specifications by changing the graphene platelet features. This paper deals with buckling analyses of functionally graded graphene platelets micro plates with two piezoelectric layers subjected to external applied voltage. Governing equations are based on Kirchhoff plate theory assumptions beside the modified couple stress theory to incorporate the micro scale influences. A uniform temperature change and external electric field are regarded along the micro plate thickness. Moreover, an external in-plane mechanical load is uniformly distributed along the micro plate edges. The Hamilton's principle is employed to extract the governing equations. The material properties of each composite layer reinforced with graphene platelets of the considered micro plate are evaluated by the Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. The governing equations are solved by the Navier's approach for the case of simply-supported boundary condition. The effects of the external applied voltage, the material length scale parameter, the thickness of the piezoelectric layers, the side, the length and the weight fraction of the graphene platelets as well as the graphene platelets distribution pattern on the critical buckling temperature change and on the critical buckling in-plane load are investigated. The outcomes illustrate the reduction of the thermal buckling strength independent of the graphene platelets distribution pattern while meanwhile the mechanical buckling strength is promoted. Furthermore, a negative voltage, -50 Volt, strengthens the micro plate stability against the thermal buckling occurrence about 9% while a positive voltage, 50 Volt, decreases the critical buckling load about 9% independent of the graphene platelet distribution pattern.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.312-326
• /
• 2022

암반의 표준 파괴기준식의 하나로 인정받고 있는 일반화된 Hoek-Brown (GHB) 식은 암반공학적 활용에 특화되어 있으며 넓은 범위의 암반조건을 고려할 수 있다. 이에 따라 암반 구조물의 안정성 해석과정에서 GHB 식을 적극적으로 활용하기 위한 많은 연구 노력이 진행 중이다. 이 연구에서는 탄소성 해석법의 일종인 slip-line 해석법을 GHB 파괴기준식과 결합하여 원형터널 주변의 소성반경과 응력분포를 간편하게 계산할 수 있는 해석적 수식들을 유도하였다. 관련 수식 유도과정에서는 파괴 후 거동으로 완전 소성 거동을 가정하였고, 초기지압은 정수압 상태로 가정하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 소성반경은 터널 벽면과 탄성-소성 경계면에 대응되는 두 접선 마찰각을 이용하여 해석적으로 계산할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 또한 유도한 해석 식들을 이용하여 계산한 소성반경과 응력분포는 2008년에 발표된 Lee & Pietruszczak의 수치해석적 방법의 결과와 일치함을 보였다. 이 논문의 후반부에서는 유도한 해석 식을 활용하여 암반의 양호도가 소성영역의 크기, 응력분포, 접선마찰각의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.215-228
• /
• 2023

The vibrational behavior of nanoelements is critical in determining how a nanostructure behaves. However, combining vibrational analysis with stability analysis allows for a more comprehensive knowledge of a structure's behavior. As a result, the goal of this research is to characterize the behavior of nonlocal nanocyndrical beams with uniform and nonuniform cross sections. The nonuniformity of the beams is determined by three distinct section functions, namely linear, convex, and exponential functions, with the length and mass of the beams being identical. For completely clamped, fully pinned, and cantilever boundary conditions, Eringen's nonlocal theory is combined with the Timoshenko beam model. The extended differential quadrature technique was used to solve the governing equations in this research. In contrast to the other boundary conditions, the findings of this research reveal that the nonlocal impact has the opposite effect on the frequency of the uniform cantilever nanobeam. Furthermore, since the mass of the materials employed in these nanobeams is designed to remain the same, the findings may be utilized to help improve the frequency and buckling stress of a resonator without requiring additional material, which is a cost-effective benefit.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.174-183
• /
• 2004

퇴적암반에서의 암석 강도는 시추공 굴착 과정에서 동반될 수 있는 시추공 불안정이나 효율적인 모래 생산 평가, 또는 시추공 압축 파쇄대를 이용한 지반 응력장 추정 문제 등 다양한 범위의 지질 역학적 문제들에 있어서 선결적으로 규명되어야 할 요소 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 종류의 퇴적암(사암, 셰일, 석회암, 방해석 등)에서의 일축 압축 강도와 기타 물성(속도, 탄성계수, 공극률)을 관계 짓는 경험식들을 수집하여 검토하였다. 이들 경험식들은 시추공 물리검층을 통해 측정 가능한 파라미터들로 암석 강도를 추정하는데 이용될 수 있다. 일부 관계식들(예를 들어 사암이나 셰일의 강도-공극률 관계식)은 일정정도 만족스러운 강도 추정 도구로 이용될 수도 있지만, 각각의 물성 측정치에 대한 암석 강도가 상당히 분산되어 있어 모든 자료를 만족스럽게 예측하기에는 충분히 일반화 시킬 수 없다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 이들 경험식들을 이용하기 전에 해당 지역에 대한 강도-물성 관계 캘리브레이션의 중요성이 강조된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현장 암석 강도의 최저 한계 정보를 제공할 수 있는 몇몇 경험식들은 시추공 불안정 분석과 관련하여 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제67권6호
• /
• pp.565-578
• /
• 2018

This research article reported the nonlinear finite solutions of the nonlinear flexural strength and stress behaviour of nano sandwich graded structural shell panel under the combined thermomechanical loading. The nanotube sandwich structural model is derived mathematically using the higher-order displacement polynomial including the full geometrical nonlinear strain-displacement equations via Green-Lagrange relations. The face sheets of the sandwich panel are assumed to be carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composite with temperature dependent material properties. Additionally, the numerical model included different types of nanotube distribution patterns for the sandwich face sheets for the sake of variable strength. The required equilibrium equation of the graded carbon nanotube sandwich structural panel is derived by minimizing the total potential energy expression. The energy expression is further solved to obtain the deflection values (linear and nonlinear) via the direct iterative method in conjunction with finite element steps. A computer code is prepared (MATLAB environment) based on the current higher-order nonlinear model for the numerical analysis purpose. The stability of the numerical solution and the validity are verified by comparing the published deflection and stress values. Finally, the nonlinear model is utilized to explore the deflection and the stresses of the nanotube-reinforced (volume fraction and distribution patterns of carbon nanotube) sandwich structure (different core to face thickness ratios) for the variable type of structural parameter (thickness ratio, aspect ratio, geometrical configurations, constraints at the edges and curvature ratio) and unlike temperature loading.