• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.993-999
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• 2004

The estimation of fatigue life at the design stage of membrane type LNG tank is very important in order to arrive at feasible and cost effective solutions considering the total lifetime of the tank. In this study, the practical procedure of fatigue life prediction by use of cumulative damage factors based on Miner-Palmgren hypothesis and probability density function has been shown with the corner region of Gaz Transport Membrane type LNG tank being used as an example. In particular the parameters of Weibull distribution that determine the stress spectrum are discussed. The main results obtained from this study are as follows: 1. The recommended value for the shape parameter of Weibull distribution for the LNG tank is 1.1 in case of using the direct calculation method proposed in this study. 2. The calculated fatigue life is influenced by the shape parameter of Weibull distribution and stress block. The safe fatigue design can be achieved by using higher value of shape parameter and the stress blocks divided into more stress blocks.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

To study the nature of differentially manifested adaptive response of an organism according to the intensities of the stress, the immune effects of different levels of repeated hypoxia were investigated. Four experimental groups (NH : not -handled, 20% : handled, 15% or 10% : exposed to 15% or 10% $\textrm{O}_2$ 씨오투 with balanced nitrogen, respectively) of mice were exposed to different levels of hypoxia for 60 min/day, 5days/week in a repeated and intermittent manner. After 8 weeks' exposure to hypoxia environment, mice were subjected to immune function measurements, A decreased proportion of CD3+ CD8 phenotype cells in the study of splenocyte subsets was observed in the 10% group. Ovalbumin-stimulated IgG2a production was increased in the 15% group, while no changes were noted in the IgGl and IgM production. No significant changes of the antigen-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and the natural killer cell cytotoxicity were found. These results show that the stress effects on the immune systems can be varied according to the strength of the stress and that a mild level of repeated hypoxic stress can enhance the immune function of mice in this experimental model.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2005

Purpose: To investigate the effect of infant massage on stress, immune function and self-confidence in postpartum mothers. Method: From September, 2003 to February, 2004, 65 women who had delivered babies and were enrolled in the postpartum clinic were assigned to the experimental group or control group. In the experimental group, infant massage was given for 20 minute sessions twice a day from 4 days to 14 days after delivery. The instruments were Parental Stress Index, serum cortisol levels, WBCs, lymphocytes, and Self Confidence Scale. Results: Stress scores, WBCs and lymphocytes showed significant differences by the time, but there weren't significant differences according to the group and interactions between the group and the time. Cortisol and self-confidence scores showed significant differences by the time and the group. Conclusions: Applying massage to their newborn baby influenced cortisol levels of postpartum mothers. Therefore stress, cortisol, and immune functions in postpartum mothers should be generally screened and follow up studies are needed for the effective application of massage in postpartum mothers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.148-160
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• 2023

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with persistent stress and disruption of neuronal function. Persistent stress causes neuronal atrophy, including loss of synapses and reduced size of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These alterations are associated with neural dysfunction, including mood disturbances, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. Synaptic plasticity is the fundamental function of neural networks in response to various stimuli and acts by reorganizing neuronal structure, function, and connections from the molecular to the behavioral level. In this review, we describe the alterations in synaptic plasticity as underlying pathological mechanisms for depression in animal models and humans. We further elaborate on the significance of phytochemicals as bioactive agents that can positively modulate stress-induced, aberrant synaptic activity. Bioactive agents, including flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, and lignans, have been reported to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and release, suppress neuronal loss, and activate the relevant signaling pathways, including TrkB, ERK, Akt, and mTOR pathways, resulting in increased spine maturation and synaptic numbers in the neuronal cells and in the brains of stressed animals. In clinical trials, phytochemical usage is regarded as safe and well-tolerated for suppressing stress-related parameters in patients with depression. Thus, intake of phytochemicals with safe and active effects on synaptic plasticity may be a strategy for preventing neuronal damage and alleviating depression in a stressful life.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2167-2173
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• 1996

An approximate weight function technique using the indirect boundary integral equation has been presented for the analysis of stress intensity foactors(SIFs) of a thick pipe. One-term boundary integral was introduced to represent the crack surface displacement field for the displacement based weight function technique. An explicit closed-form SIF solution applicable to symmetric cracked pipes without any modification of the solution including both circumferential and radial cracks has been derived. The necessary information in the analysis is two or three reference SIFs. In most cases the SIF solution were in good agreement with those available in the literature.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.146-151
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• 2009

In this paper, a weight function theory for the calculation of the mode III stress intensity factor in a rectilinear anisotropic body is formulated. This formulation employs Lekhnitskii's formalism for two dimensional anisotropic materials. To illustrate the method used for the weight function theory, we calculated the mode III stress intensity factor in a single edge-notched configuration.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.775-784
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• 1997

A unified theory is presented for the shape analysis of curved surface with a single layer structure composed by frame, membrane or shell. The shapes produced by the theory have no shear stress in elements, and the stress states in the whole shape are as uniform as possible under an ordinary load. The theory starts from defining an element potential function expressed by the measurement of the element length or the element area. Therefore, the shape analysis can produce various forms according to the definition of the potential function, and each of those form or the cable net form with the potential function of the second power of element length is simply gotten by the linear analysis. The form in tensile stress is mechanically equal to an isotropic tension form.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.677-687
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• 2016

On the basis of the energy approach it is reported a development of the yield function and the constitutive equations for the orthotropic material with consideration of the crystal lattice constants and parameters of the crystallographic texture for the general stress state. For practical use in sheet metal forming analysis it is considered different loading scenarios: plane stress and plane strain states. Using the proposed yield function, the influence of single ideal components on the shape of yield surface was analyzed. The six texture components investigated here were cube, Goss, copper, brass, S and rotated cube, as these components are typically observed in rolled sheets from FCC alloys.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.603-610
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• 2022

In [6, 7] they introduced a new finite element method for accurate numerical solutions of Poisson equations with corner singularities. They consider the Poisson equations with homogeneous boundary conditions, compute the finite element solutions using standard FEM and use the extraction formula to compute the stress intensity factor(s), then they posed new PDE with a regular solution by imposing the nonhomogeneous boundary condition using the computed stress intensity factor(s), which converges with optimal speed. From the solution they could get an accurate solution just by adding the singular part. They considered a partial differential equation with the input function f ∈ L²(Ω). In this paper we consider a PDE with the input function f ∈ H¹(Ω) and find the corresponding singular and dual singular functions. We also induce the corresponding extraction formula which are the basic element for the approach.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

The purpose of the study were to investigate the effect of the neuro-feedback program which improves brain function and stress reduction effect. The research design is one group pretest-posttest survey. 121 nursing students of a college in the Busan region took part in the study. Training involving the neuro-feedback program was conducted twice a week, 30 minutes per session, for a total of 10 weeks. The collected data was encoded and analyzed using SPSS 12.0 Version. The brain function and stress levels of the subjects were analyzed through the before-and-after results of the training were analyzed using a paired t-test. The results of the study showed that the BQ and SQ were enhanced as a result of the neuro-feedback. In particular, there were significant increases in the SRQ, ATQ, ACQ, and EQ of the BQ. SQ is correlated with the prevalence rate and resistance to disease, meaning not only psychological anxiety, uneasiness and excitement, but also physical anxiety and response to disease. Based on the study, by using the neuro-feedback training as a program for stress reduction, it is expected that nursing students will receive less stress from internal and external factors, and their ability to cope with stress will be enhanced.