• Title/Summary/Keyword: Stress Collapse

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Effect of progressive shear punch of a foundation on a reinforced concrete building behavior

  • Naghipour, Morteza;Niak, Kia Moghaddas;Shariati, Mahdi;Toghroli, Ali
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.279-294
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    • 2020
  • Foundation of a building is damaged under service loads during construction. First visit shows that the foundation has been punched at the 6 column's foot region led to building rotation. Foundation shear punching occurring has made some stresses and deflections in construction. In this study, progressing of damage caused by foundation shear punching and inverse loading in order to resolve the building rotation has been evaluated in the foundation and frame of building by finite element modeling in ABAQUS software. The stress values of bars in punched regions of foundation has been deeply exceeded from steel yielding strength and experienced large displacement based on software's results. On the other hand, the values of created stresses in the frame are not too big to make serious damage. In the beams and columns of ground floor, some partial cracks has been occurred and in other floors, the values of stresses are in the elastic zone of materials. Finally, by inverse loading to the frame, the horizontal displacement of floors has been resolved and the values of stresses in frame has been significantly reduced.

Mechanical behavior of composite gel periodic structures with the pattern transformation

  • Hu, Jianying;He, Yuhao;Lei, Jincheng;Liu, Zishun;Swaddiwudhipong, Somsak
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.50 no.5
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    • pp.605-616
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    • 2014
  • When the periodic cellular structure is loaded or swelling beyond the critical value, the structure may undergo a pattern transformation owing to the local elastic instabilities, thus leading to structural collapse and the structure changing to a new configuration. Based on this deformation-triggered pattern, we have proposed the novel composite gel materials. This designed material is a type of architectural material possessing special mechanical properties. In this study, the mechanical behavior of the composite gel periodic structure with various gel inclusions is studied further through numerical simulations. When pattern transformation occurs, it results in a different elastic relationship compared with the material at untransformed state. Based on the obtained nominal stress versus nominal strain behavior, the Poisson's ratio and corresponding deformed structure patterns, we investigate the performance of designed composite materials and the effects of the uniformly distributed gel inclusions on composite materials. A better understanding of the characteristics of these composite gel materials is a key to develop its potential applications on new soft machines.

Empirical numerical model of tornadic flow fields and load effects

  • Kim, Yong Chul;Tamura, Yukio
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.371-391
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    • 2021
  • Tornadoes are the most devastating meteorological natural hazards. Many empirical and theoretical numerical models of tornado vortex have been proposed, because it is difficult to carry out direct measurements of tornado velocity components. However, most of existing numerical models fail to explain the physical structure of tornado vortices. The present paper proposes a new empirical numerical model for a tornado vortex, and its load effects on a low-rise and a tall building are calculated and compared with those for existing numerical models. The velocity components of the proposed model show clear variations with radius and height, showing good agreement with the results of field measurements, wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics. Normal stresses in the columns of a low-rise building obtained from the proposed model show intermediate values when compared with those obtained from existing numerical models. Local forces on a tall building show clear variation with height and the largest local forces show similar values to most existing numerical models. Local forces increase with increasing turbulence intensity and are found to depend mainly on reference velocity Uref and moving velocity Umov. However, they collapse to one curve for the same normalized velocity Uref / Umov. The effects of reference radius and reference height are found to be small. Resultant fluctuating force of generalized forces obtained from the modified Rankine model is considered to be larger than those obtained from the proposed model. Fluctuating force increases as the integral length scale increases for the modified Rankine model, while they remain almost constant regardless of the integral length scale for the proposed model.

Effect of Cavitation Amplitude on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Austenitic Stainless Steels in Seawater Environment (해수 환경에서 슈퍼 오스테나이트 스테인리스강의 전기화학적 거동에 미치는 캐비테이션 진폭의 영향)

  • Heo, Ho-Seong;Kim, Seong-Jong
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.138-146
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    • 2022
  • The cavitation and potentiodynamic polarization experiments were conducted simultaneously to investigate the effect of cavitation amplitude on the super austenitic stainless steel (UNS N08367) electrochemical behavior in seawater. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization experiment under cavitation condition showed that the corrosion current density increased with cavitation amplitude increase. Above oxygen evolution potential, the current density in a static condition was the largest because the anodic dissolution reaction by intergranular corrosion was promoted. In the static condition, intergranular corrosion was mainly observed. However, damage caused by erosion was observed in the cavitation environment. The micro-jet generated by cavity collapse destroyed the corrosion product and promoted the repassivation. So, weight loss occurred the most in static conditions. After the experiment, wave patterns were formed on the surface due to the compressive residual stress caused by the impact pressure of the cavity. Surface hardness was improved by the water cavitation peening effect, and the hardness value was the highest at 30 ㎛ amplitude. UNS N08367 with excellent mechanical performance due to its high hardness showed that cavitation inhibited corrosion damage.

A computationally efficient numerical integration scheme for non-linear plane-stress/strain FEM applications using one-point constitutive model evaluation

  • Hector R. Amezcua;Amado G. Ayala
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.85 no.1
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    • pp.89-104
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    • 2023
  • This work presents a proposal for employing reduced numerical integration in the formulation of the 4-node quadrilateral solid finite element. The use of these low-order integration rules leads to numerical instabilities such as those producing the hourglass effect. The proposed procedure allows evaluating a given constitutive model only in one integration point, achieving an attractive computational cost reduction and, also, successfully controls the hourglass effect. A validation of the proposal is included and discussed throughout the paper. To show the efficiency of the proposal, several application examples of masonry structures are studied and discussed. To represent the non-linear mechanical behaviour of masonry a plastic-damage model is implemented within the application of this sub-integration scheme. Also, in order to have a full and computationally efficient strategy to determine the behaviour of masonry structures, involving its evolution to collapse, a homogenization technique with a macro-modeling approach is used. The methodology discussed throughout this paper demonstrates a substantial computational cost reduction and an improved approximation of the non-linear problem evidenced by a reduction of up to 85% of the computational time for some cases.

A Study on Improvement Plans for Flight and Cabin Crew Fatigue Management System after COVID-19 Pandemic (코로나19 팬데믹 이후 승무원 피로관리시스템 개선방안 연구)

  • Je-Hyung Jeon;Hwayoung Sung;Sua Chon;Geun-Hwa Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.43-56
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    • 2023
  • The aviation industry has continued to grow despite the influence of external environmental factors such as SARS and MERS. However, this growth has led to a sharp decrease in air traffic and a crisis of flight suspension due to the collapse of the global value chain and the decline of the world economy as the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the decrease in the number of international flights, aviation workers such as pilots and cabin crew were exposed to high psychological stress and fatigue, such as large-scale layoffs, job instability, decrease in income, and increased risk of infection during. Recently, the international community has eased immigration restrictions through quarantine activities, and airlines are taking a step further to recover existing air demand. However, during the crisis period, a significant number of professional workers have been turned off or fired, and the physical and mental fatigue of those who can perform their duties is increasing. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the direction of policy improvement and the identification of problems in aviation safety and fatigue management after the pandemic.

Dynamic response of coal and rocks under high strain rate

  • Zhou, Jingxuan;Zhu, Chuanjie;Ren, Jie;Lu, Ximiao;Ma, Cong;Li, Ziye
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.451-461
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    • 2022
  • The roadways surrounded by rock and coal will lose their stability or even collapse under rock burst. Rock burst mainly involves an evolution of dynamic loading which behaves quite differently from static or quasi-static loading. To compare the dynamic response of coal and rocks with different static strengths, three different rocks and bituminous coal were selected for testing at three different dynamic loadings. It's found that the dynamic compression strength of rocks and bituminous coal is much greater than the static compression strength. The dynamic compression strength and dynamic increase factor of the rocks both increase linearly with the increase of the strain rate, while those of the bituminous coal are irregular due to the characteristics of multi-fracture and heterogeneity. Moreover, the absorbed energy of the rocks and bituminous coal both increase linearly with an increase in the strain rate. And the ratio of absorbed energy to the total energy of bituminous coal is greater than that of rocks. With the increase of dynamic loading, the failure degree of the sample increases, with the increase of the static compressive strength, the damage degree also increases. The static compassion strength of the bituminous coal is lower than that of rocks, so the number of small-scale fragments was the largest after bituminous coal rupture.

Liquefaction susceptibility of silty tailings under monotonic triaxial tests in nearly saturated conditions

  • Gianluca Bella;Guido Musso
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.247-258
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    • 2024
  • Tailings are waste materials of mining operations, consisting of a mixture of clay, silt, sand with a high content of unrecoverable metals, process water, and chemical reagents. They are usually discharged as slurry into the storage area retained by dams or earth embankments. Poor knowledge of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of tailings has often resulted in a high rate of failures in which static liquefaction has been widely recognized as one of the major causes of dam collapse. Many studies have dealt with the static liquefaction of coarse soils in saturated conditions. This research provides an extension to the case of silty tailings in unsaturated conditions. The static liquefaction resistance was evaluated in terms of stress-strain behavior by means of monotonic triaxial tests. Its dependency on the preparation method, the volumetric water content, the void ratio, and the degree of saturation was studied and compared with literature data. The static liquefaction response was proved to be dependent mainly on the preparation technique and degree of saturation that, in turn, controls the excess of pore pressure whose leading role is investigated by means of the relationship between the -B Skempton parameter and the degree of saturation. A preliminary interpretation of the static liquefaction response of Stava tailings is also provided within the Critical State framework.

Structural Behavior of 3D Printed Concrete Specimens with Reinforcement (보강재가 있는 3D 프린팅 콘크리트의 구조거동)

  • Joh, Changbin;Lee, Jungwoo;Yang, In-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.174-181
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    • 2018
  • This paper examines the structural behavior of 3D printed concrete specimens with focus on the bond between the layers. The tensile bond and flexural strengths were investigated experimentally and compared with those of specimens made by conventional mold casting. The test parameters were the time gap between printing layers and the reinforcement between vertical layers. The results showed the 3D printed specimens had voids between layers and confirmed the strength reduction due to printing time gap and the stress concentration caused by the voids. Most of the reduction in tensile bond strength between layers was due to the stress concentration at least up to certain printing time gap. Moreover, beyond a certain printing time gap (24hours), the additional reduction in tensile bond strength reached a level that could affect the structural behavior. The reinforcement between layers was helpful to increase the ductile behavior which is essential to prevent the sudden collapse of the structure. In addition, the reduction in flexural strength due to the stress concentration by the voids was observed and should be considered in the design of 3D printed wall structures against the lateral load.

Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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