• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.1038-1046
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 기상 모니터링과 색 온도 제어 기능을 갖춘 LED 가로등 플랫폼의 설계와 구현을 제안한다. 이전 연구에서는 가로등 시스템의 에너지 효율이나 데이터 관리에 중점을 두었으나 조명 성능에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않았다. 특히 안개나 연무와 같은 기상현상은 운전자와 보행자의 시야를 방해하기도 한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 서로 다른 색온도를 가지는 두 개의 LED 램프를 사용하는 것을 제안한다. 이 램프는 거리의 조건에 따라 서로 전환이 가능하다. 또한 우리는 시스템 내 각 장치들 간의 통신 체계 설계한다. 더 나아가 실험결과를 통해 이 제안된 LED 가로등 플랫폼이 잘 수행되고 데이터가 웹 사이트에 제대로 표시될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제38권6_1호
• /
• pp.1395-1406
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 대구 국채보상운동기념 공원 일대를 대상으로 수목이 주변 흐름과 기온에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여, 전산유체역학(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 모델에 수목의 항력 효과와 냉각 효과를 반영하였고 현장 측정 결과와 비교하였다. 기상 유입 경계 조건은 기상청 국지예보모델(local data assimilation and prediction system, LDAPS) 자료를 사용하였다. 수목 유무에 따른 대기 흐름과 기온 분포를 조사하기 위하여, 수목이 존재하는 현재 상태와 수목이 존재하지 않는다고 가정한 상황에 대하여 수치 실험을 수행하였다. 수목이 없는 경우, 공원 내부에서는 장애물 영향이 작아 강한 풍속과 단조로운 흐름이 형성되었다. 기온은 풍속에 반비례하여 풍속이 강한(약한) 지역에서는 낮게(높게) 모의되었다. 반면, 수목이 존재하는 경우, 수목 항력(냉각) 효과는 식재 밀도가 높은 공원 내부의 풍속(기온)을 40 (5)% 이상 감소시켰고 공원 외부 지역까지 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 공원 내부에는 매우 복잡한 흐름이 형성된다. 도로변 근처에서도 가로수에 의해 풍속과 기온이 전체적으로 감소하지만, 수목에 의한 흐름 패턴 변화로 인해 오히려 풍속과 기온이 증가하는 지역도 발생했다. 수목 냉각 효과에 의한 기온 감소는 주간에는 4-6%였지만, 야간에는 1% 미만으로 미비했다. 수목 항력 효과에 의한 풍속 감소는 주·야간 모두 40% 이상 크게 나타났다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
• /
• pp.220-223
• /
• 2001

In this study, CT specimens were prepared hem ASTM SA516 which was used for pressure vessel plates for room and low temperature service. And we got the following characteristics from fatigue crack growth test carried out in the environment of room and low temperature at $25^{\circ}C$, -3$0^{\circ}C$, -6$0^{\circ}C$, -8$0^{\circ}C$, -l$0^{\circ}C$ and -l2$0^{\circ}C$ and in the range of stress ratio of 0.1, 0.3 by means of opening mode displacement. At the constant stress ratio, the threshold stress intensity factor range ΔK$_{th}$ in the early stage of fatigue crack growth ( Region I ) and stress intensity factor range ΔK in the stable of fatigue crack growth ( Region II) was increased in proportion to descend temperature. It assumed that the fatigue resistance characteristics and fracture strength at low temperature is considerable higher than that of room temperature in the early stage and stable of fatigue crack growth region. The straight line slope relation of logarithm da/dN - ΔK in Region II, that is, the fatigue crack growth exponent m increased with descending temperature at the constant stress ratio. It assumed that the fatigue crack growth rate da/dN is rapid in proportion to descend temperature in Region H and the cryogenic-brittleness greatly affect a material with decreasing temperature.e.greatly affect a material with decreasing temperature.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제57권12호
• /
• pp.2276-2280
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we present thermal dependancy of LED package element by changing temperature of MCPCB for design high efficiency LED lamp, and confirmed influence of LED chip against temperature with analysis of thermal resistance and thermal capacitance. As increasing temperature, WPOs were decreased from 25 to 22.5 [%] and optical power were also decreased. that is decreased reason of optical power that forward voltage was declined by decrease of energy bandgap. Therefore optical power by temperature of MCPCB should consider to design lamp for street light and security light. Moreover, compensation from declined optical efficiency is demanded when LED package is composed. Also, thermal resistances from chip to metal PCB were decreased from 12.18 to 10.8[$^{\circ}C/W$] by changing temperature. Among the thermal resistances, the thermal resistance form chip to die attachment was decreased from 2.87 to 2.5[$^{\circ}C/W$] and was decreased 0.72[$^{\circ}C/W$] in Heat Slug by chaning temperature. Therefore, because of thermal resistance gap in chip and heat slug, reliability and endurance of high power LED affect by increasing non-radiative recombination in chip from heat.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.404-410
• /
• 2009

In this study, research for physical and chemical characteristics were conducted through analysis of sediments, grading and heavy metals (e.g., Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb ) in sewers which are classified by drainage types. After that, cement solidification and yellow soil calcinations made heavy metals stabilized and then, ways of recycling it were examined. The grain size distribution of all sediments was relative graded. When evaluating heavy metal pollution through index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), Cu showed moderately pollution or strong pollution in forest and street site and Zn was assessed by moderately pollution in military, residential, and street site. Analysis of Pearson Correlation coefficient of heavy metal indicated that all items in street site have tight relationship respectively. Especially, Cd-Zn, Cu-Pb, Cu-Mn, and Pb-Mn have relationship at 99% confidence intervals in statistical analysis. Recycling it with cement solidification was satisfied with compressive strength standard under 55% deposit contents and Zn, Pb, Mn were stabilized effectively. If time and temperature plasticity and compressive strength would be standard, it is revealed that yellow soil calcinations is valuable aggregate when it has 50-60 Wt% contents. When considering economic feasibility and stabilization of heavy metals, cement solidification would be more appropriate than yellow soil calcinations as solution to recycling.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study is to analyze the welds characteristics of the 205 stainless steel pipe for application of street pole material. The welds corrosion behavior of STS 205 pipe in 0.1 N sulphuric acid solution and 5% NaCl solution at room temperature was studied using both salt spray test and potentiodynamic polarization experiment. The morphology and components of corrosion products on surface of STS 205 pipe welds were investigated using SEM/EDX. The tensile strength and yield strength values of STS 205 plate were 715 MPa and 369 MPa respectively. The microvickers hardness values of STS 205 pipe welds were slightly increased than that of STS 304 pipe welds. Corrosion current density($I_{corr.}$) and critical current density($I_{crit.}$) values of STS 205 pipe welds in 3.5% NaCl solution were $1.89{\times}10^{-6}$ $A/cm^2$ and $15.8{\times}10 ^{-6}$ $A/cm^2$. The corrosion resistance of SIS 205 pipe welds was similar to its STS 304 pipe welds. The STS 205 and 304 pipe welds passive films were chromium oxide. Especially, the STS 205 pipe welds showed good corrosion resistance in 0.1 N sulphuric acid. This is attributed to the forming of protective chromium oxide on the surface of STS 205 pipe welds.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1105-1114
• /
• 2011

In this study, thermal environment improvements throughout public design improvement project on the urban street space were compared and evaluated. Thermo-Render 3.0, 3D-CAD based thermal environment simulation program, had been used for thermal environment improvement evaluations. Followings are the results. First, clayey blocks which have low heat transfer rate and cool island effect by trees and roof gardens brought cooling effects for buildings and surface of streets. Seconds, MRT values showed low levels because of low radiant mulching materials. Thirds, roof gardens contributed to reduce heat island effect since HIP levels were affected by decreasing heat storage effect of buildings from roof gardens. As a result, reducing heat storage effect throughout selecting and arranging proper materials which would not increase heat island potentials should be performed to improve heat island effects.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.62-71
• /
• 2008

Recently, the expansion of housing developments has reduced green areas in cities. The reduction of green areas caused many negative effects on human beings. For functional improvement of ecosystem, government focuses on artificial ground greening because it gives improving microclimate and saving energy consumption. This research aims to develop the system to support decision making of greening for artificial ground greening. This system consist of rooftop greening, wall greening, and street greening system which can suggest proper type of greening and calculate the effect of the greening considering the proponents inputs. It presents social, economic, and ecological value such as cost, energy saving, and temperature reduction. As it is web-based system users can easily access with internet. This system provides automatic selection modes.As a result, with this developed web-based system, decision makers can evaluate the effect of artificial ground green easily and the support to such movement will increase.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.136.1-136.1
• /
• 2011

This paper proposes the method to implement the railroad switching point heating system using the hybrid of the photovoltaic and wind power. The goal of the implementation of the railroad switching point heating system is to prevent freezing of the snow in the winter. The heating system of railway used to supply electricity through photovoltaic and wind power to prevent freezing. Hot wires of the railroad switching point heating system are used about 2kW of electric energy at the day. The electric energy of 2kW used the length of the hot wires about 3m. As the ON and/or OFF mode considering the tracks temperature and the ambient temperature, so the way the use of power-saving effect. In addition, the system can be used the railroad switching point heating system in winter and railway signal and street lights around the track in summer. In experiment, we acquired the power data according to time at the day of photovoltaic and wind power. We confirmed the temperature rise using the heating cable for 3m of $85^{\circ}C$, 30W/m. The temperature rise of the heating cable changes the temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ after 10 minutes and $11^{\circ}C$ after 10 minutes. We have confirmed the possibility of the railroad switching point heating system using the hybrid of the photovoltaic and wind power.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2022

컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 ENVI-met을 활용하여 여름철 도로 방향과 가로수 식재형태에 따른 도시공간의 열환경 개선 효과를 분석하였다. 수목 식재 시 낮 시간 동안의 기온과 풍속은 감소하고 상대습도는 증가하였다. 평균복사온도와 인간 열환경지수 PET(physiological equivalent temperature), UTCI(universal thermal climate index)는 수목 식재 시 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 수목 식재 시 가장 큰 변화를 보인 기상요소는 평균복사온도로, PET와 UTCI 변화량 또한 평균복사온도와 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 가장 큰 저감효과를 보인 수목식재방법은 수고가 낮고, 수관폭이 넓고, 엽면적지수가 높은 수목을 좁은 간격으로 식재하는 시나리오(LWDN)였다. 평균복사온도, PET, UTCI는 태양의 고도 및 방위와 건물의 위치에 따른 그림자 형성 조건에 따라 큰 차이를 보였으며, 건물에 의한 태양복사에너지 차단이 클수록 수목에 의한 영향이 줄어들었다. 특히, 동측과 서측 보도에서는 시간대별 저감량에서 큰 차이를 보였다. 가장 저감효과가 큰 수목식재 시나리오인 LWDN으로 식재하였을 때 서측 방면에 위치한 북서, 서, 남서측 보도는 오전 시간대인 10:00에 수목이 없는 경우에 비해 PET 8.6-12.3℃, UTCI 4.2-4.5℃, 동측 방면에 위치한 북동, 동, 남동측 보도는 오후 시간대인 16:00에 PET 8.1-11.8℃, UTCI 4.4-5.0℃로 큰 저감효과를 보였다. 반면, 가장 저감효과가 적었던 수고가 높고, 수관폭이 좁으며, 엽면적지수가 낮은 수목을 넓은 간격으로 식재하였을 때 최대 저감량은 동측 방면 보도에서 PET 1.8℃, UTCI 0.9℃ 이하, 서측 방면 보도에서 PET 3℃, UTCI 0.9℃ 이하로 적은 저감효과를 보였다. 또한, 건물에 의한 영향으로 인해 수목영향이 적은 시간대에는 수목식재 시나리오 간 평균복사온도, PET, UTCI 저감효과의 차이가 크지 않았다. 이 연구결과는 가로수 식재 시 여름철 도시 열환경 저감을 위한 모델 개발에 기초자료로서 활용가능할 것이다.