• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.501-504
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• 2004

Straight traffic signal information is understanded by roation traffic signal.Ten traffic rotation street flew system saturated without forseed quantaty of traffic vehicle and length oftraffic street.Optimul traffic signal forcasting is needed departmemtstore sale season. for solution of this problem, at least before 10 hour traffic quantity reported policy department.For traffic forcasting of traffic jamed building pushed vehicle, neural network method is adapted Single traffic network is more needed to through traffic signal compared of traffic network. traffic network system is first analysed for artificial traffic network system and networked traffic systen is constructed by ubiquatous.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5A
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• pp.517-525
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• 2008

In this paper, we cary out system level simulations to investigate the effect of cell shape(i.e., different base station displacements in the two directions defined by the street grid) on minimizing transmitter power, interference power, and blocking probability for CDMA system in urban microcellular environments. In urban microcell, path loss to the base station depends on the orientation of the street where the mobile is located. Interference from mobile stations to the base station in the reference cell is considered up to second tier. The wrap around method is used to include the second tier interference with realistic computational complexity without reducing the accuracy of interference calculations. The investigation shows that the transmitter power, interference power, and blocking probability in a cell can be reduced by proper selection of the efficient cell shape.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 1998

Outdoor advertising signs of sity is recorgnized as the most basic element forming street scenes of city as well as establishing the citys identity in firsthand and secondhand. It has just started by commercial measure but recntly, in the rapid economical growth and diversified social structure a grent number of business have been generated so that is brings an absoluce increage of kind and quantity in outdoor advertising signs. Such quantitative increase has caused now envirenmental city problems so a more effective control of outdoor advertising signs and sophisticatided and logical design is needed. Thus, I would like to set up the direction with street scenes of city can be formed through this study. Firstly, understanding the concept, special features, and strong, weark points of street scenes of city and outdoor advertising signs. Secondly, in present sitiation analysis, studing and comparing the chracteristic of our present outdoor advertising regulations with those of Japanese regulations. Thirdly performing the reserch upon now advertising signs can be influentia in city scenes and thereafter, issuing possible problem censequantly, I would like to suggest the direction of control policy of outdoor advertising signs as following (1). Leading differentiation of each reggion for the solution of environmental and scenic problem. (2). Non-realistic advertising regulation are needed to be amended for uping changing outdoor advertising signs. (3). Advertising problems should be settleed through effectiveness of outdoor advertising signs administration. (4). The problem of advertising agenics should be leaded short term and long term plan. (5). Collection of scenic pollution should be operated for building up a scenic and community consciousness. Therefore, with these suggestion of clear direction of polish, the improvement of city scenes and regional differentiation followed by activated local autonomy system can be induced so that a more beautiful city scenes can be achiveved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.29-43
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• 2020

Thermal environment of city is getting worse due to severe urban heat island caused by climate change and urbanization. The cooling effect of street tree is regarded as a effective way to ameliorate the urban heat environment. The effect is largely made up of shadow formation and transpiration. This study aims to identify how the transpiration affects the discomfort index by analyzing comprehensive impact of the transpiration on the air temperature and relative humidity. The changes in the amount of transpiration, air temperature, and relative humidity were estimated for Seogyo-dong area which has a lot of floating population in Seoul, at 2 p.m. in dry day in July and August. On average, the transpiration of the street tree decreased the temperature 0.3℃ and increased the relative humidity 2.6% in an hour. As a result of these changes in temperature and humidity, the discomfort index rose mostly(0.036 on average). It was always get rise especially on the day when the discomfort index was above 80(0.05 on average). However, compared with the significant change in temperature and humidity, the variation of the discomfort index itself was very slight(up to 0.107). Therefore, the effect of transpiration by the street trees might not be effective in the planning to improve the thermal environment(especially on the day when the discomfort index is high). It is necessary to select the species of trees and planting location considering the cooling effect of shade formation synthetically.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2009

Seoul, the capital of Korea, is worldwide city; Seoul is 600 year-old city as a capital and more than 10 millions of population live in Seoul, Image of Seoul has began to be known to the peoples in the world through 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and 2002 World Cup. However, in the public design and trees lining street system, Seoul hasn't been escaped from the image of a city which lacks of the characterization in the culture and identity aspects. This paper applied a protective fence designing simulation for Cultural Street in Seoul to develop much more the identity of Seoul and characterization of local culture. Also, It's examined and analyzed R&D data, and applied traditional patterns to design to set developmental capacity of design and a direction of fence design in the past, present and future. It's analyzed the present condition of domestic manufacturers and examples for installation, selected randomly 7 places of domestic cultural places as an alternative to compare the previous design to the present design with 3D design and photos composing method, and developed the related situation. Also, It's visualized this method to let the citizens and all levels of society determine the design. besides that, developed the traditional patterns to apply the patterns to the design, considering the characteristic of each region and characteristic of each road. It's suggested this fence design to apply the image of advanced Korea and Seoul as a creative cultural city, and the international status of Korea and Seoul to the trees on the historical and traditional street. Also, put an importance to bring the identity of Seoul and Korea in the world into relief.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-157
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• 2012

This study is to vindicate the vacation of arbitral awards in the United States. It focuses on the harmony of case law with statutory law of the United States. Until the early twentieth century, the American legal system, having adopted the English common law view, harbored a hostile attitude toward arbitration. The purpose of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) of the United States, enacted in 1925, was to eliminate the hostile attitude of courts toward arbitration. Congress is to enforce arbitration agreements into which parties have entered and to place arbitration agreements upon the same footing as other contracts. The structure of grounds for vacating arbitration awards has two layers. One is of vacating grounds with statutory origins, such as the FAA and the Uniform Arbitration Act, and the other, of vacating grounds originating from a nonstatutory, case law background. For a while, vacatur based on case law has coexisted with vacatur on statutory grounds for arbitration awards. After the Supreme Court decision in Hall Street Associates, L.L.C. v. Mattel, Inc., however, the justification of vacating based on case law has weakened. Post-Hall Street decisions of circuit courts show ways to deal with manifest disregard of the law. One of them is the harmonization of the case law grounds for vacating with the statutory grounds. It seems that the manifest-disregard-of-law and public-policy exceptions show a possibility of survival after Hall Street. However, other nonstatutory grounds for vacation of arbitration awards have no firm basis after Hall Street.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

In farming area, the elderly population is increasing year after year. And the gap between farming area and the city regarding quality of life is getting bigger and bigger. Besides, it has much poorer ground for living than the city. The current farming village maintenance project is adopting a different system now from the top-down project exclusively led by the government in the past to the bottom-up one reflecting how the residents think positively. Lack of the residents' understanding and education about the maintenance project, however, some of them are just focused on maintenance and development distorted from making a village where people want to live. Accordingly, this study will analyze the characteristics of farming villages by their types based on field research and spatial analysis using Space Syntax in order to develop more premeditated and effective maintenance plans to perform maintenance in farming area. As a result, When you install streetlights street lights should be installed at places with a high of Connectivity and spatial depth is deep. Based on this method, the research is going to suggest the current status of street furniture improvement in the villages and the proper positions for their future installation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.267-274
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• 2011

Objectives: We examined health care disparities in Korean urban homeless people and individual characteristics associated with the utilization of health care. Methods: We selected a sample of 203 homeless individuals at streets, shelters, and drop-in centers in Seoul and Daejeon by a quota sampling method. We surveyed demographic information, information related to using health care, and health status with a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was adopted to identify factors associated with using health care and to reveal health care disparities within the Korean urban homeless population. Results: Among 203 respondents, 89 reported that they had visited health care providers at least once in the past 6 months. Twenty persons (22.5%) in the group that used health care (n = 89) reported feeling discriminated against. After adjustment for age, sex, marital status, educational level, monthly income, perceived health status, Beck Depression Inventory score, homeless period, and other covariates, three factors were significantly associated with medical utilization: female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR, 15.95; 95% CI, 3.97 to 64.04], having three or more diseases (aOR, 24.58; 95% CI, 4.23 to 142.78), and non-street residency (aOR, 11.39; 95% CI, 3.58 to 36.24). Conclusions: Health care disparities in Seoul and Daejeon homeless exist in terms of the main place to stay, physical illnesses, and gender. Under the current homeless support system in South Korea, street homeless have poorer accessibility to health care versus non-street homeless. To provide equitable medical aid for homeless people, strategies to overcome barriers against health care for the street homeless are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.49
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• pp.175-212
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to propose a model that can polish and improve the ROK (Republic of Korea) Army's records management policy in a new records management environment by analyzing the context of policy implementation. In this study, two distinct and different policy cases were analyzed using different models for policy analysis such as the case of the records management system of the ROK Army with the street-level bureaucracy model and the case of the archives personnel within the ROK Army with a Policy Network model. The results from the comparative analysis with both cases state that the street-level bureaucracy model has limitations in analyzing even a policy implementation case when multiple actors are involved. At the same time, a network policy model is useful in identifying the problematic points that need improvement in the case. Based on these results, some improvements for effective records management in the ROK Army were proposed. This study follows the approach of the two distinctive case studies from the perspective of policy science-a view that no archive researcher has ever explored before.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.331-341
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• 2019

With the popularity of sensor-rich environments, smartphones have become one of the major platforms for obtaining and sharing information. Since it is difficult to utilize GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) inside the area with many buildings, the localization of smartphone in this case is considered as a challenging task. To resolve problem of localization using smartphone a four step image-based localization method and procedure is proposed. To improve the localization accuracy of smartphone datasets, MMS (Mobile Mapping System) and Google Street View were utilized. In our approach first, the searching for candidate matching image is performed by the query image of smartphone's using GNSS observation. Second, the SURF (Speed-Up Robust Features) image matching between the smartphone image and reference dataset is done and the wrong matching points are eliminated. Third, the geometric transformation is performed using the matching points with 2D affine transformation. Finally, the smartphone location and attitude estimation are done by PnP (Perspective-n-Point) algorithm. The location of smartphone GNSS observation is improved from the original 10.204m to a mean error of 3.575m. The attitude estimation is lower than 25 degrees from the 92.4% of the adjsuted images with an average of 5.1973 degrees.