• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.86-90
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• 2020

This paper examines a blockchain network-based transaction system using location proofing in power direct transactions between networked energy clouds, energy communities, and prosumer machines participating in smart cities. It utilizes location-based blockchain network technology, which enables long-distance travel with recharging by power purchases during autonomous movements, autonomous electric vehicles that can purchase and sell electricity, and solar street lights that can be produced and sold in fixed form. In addition, it is possible to provide optimum power transaction matching and settlement reliability between machines without human intervention in power transactions between electric chargers. It also introduces a business-to-object business model between autonomous machines that exist in multiple and different spaces and through energy clouds that are expected to be scattered with various transaction prices, policies, and incentives.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

In this study, a survey was conducted among university students (119 men and 134 women) in Chungbuk province using questionnaires to investigate the variables and eating patterns related to the use of food delivery apps. A survey was conducted from March 22, 2019 to April 3, 2019. Of the total respondents, 77.2% reported that they had ordered food at least once using food delivery apps on smartphones. Further, 63.3% of the total subjects had ordered food delivery through smartphone apps once or twice a month, and the most preferred cuisine for food delivery was fast food, followed by Bunsik (Korean street food/snack), western food, and Chinese food. The average satisfaction scorefor food delivery apps was 3.8 points, and the satisfaction score was the highest with the convenient ordering process (4.0), followed by good taste (3.9) and good portion (3.8). The subjects who used smartphone food delivery apps three times or more a month showed a significantly higher frequency of instant food intake (p=0.0132), dining out (p=0.0282), and late-night eating (p=0.0047) than the subjects who ordered food using delivery apps less than three times a month. In conclusion, these study results may be applied as baseline data for dietary education among university students.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2015

We constructed greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollution (AP) integrated sink/emission inventories and evaluated the environmental value for the vegetation sector in Seoul during year 2010. The data of vegetation, classified into four sectors of cultivated land, forest land, park and street tree, were obtained from Statistics Korea and Seoul City. Based on the previous studies, only $CO_2$ was chosen as GHG sink by vegetation. $NO_2$ and $SO_2$ were chosen as AP sink by vegetation, while isoprene, monoterpene, other VOC (OVOC) and NH3 were chosen as AP emission from vegetation. Estimation methodology and sink/emission factors were gathered from reports and published literatures. Estimated GHG sink by vegetation during year 2010 was 12,987,173 $tonCO_{2eq}$, of which approximately 1/4 was from pure vegetation and the remaining 3/4 from vegetation soil. AP sink and emission were estimated to be 23,309 tonAP and 2,629,797 tonAP, respectively. The analysis by administrative districts in Seoul revealed that among 25 districts, Seocho-gu, Nowon-gu, Eunpyeong-gu, Gwanak-gu and Gangbuk-gu were the major districts in GHG and AP sink/emission inventories for vegetation sector. Environmental value of vegetation as a function of GHG and AP sink, was estimated as 800 billion won, corresponding to 5% of the total cost of the forest land in Korea evaluated as a public function.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2005

In order to better quantify the contribution from nonroad sources to emission inventories, it is important to understand not only the emissions rates of these engines but also activity patterns that can be used to accurately portray their in-use operation. To date, however, very little information is available on the actual activity patterns of nonroad equipment. In this study, a total of 18 pieces of nonroad equipment were instrumented with collected data including intake manifold air pressure (MAP), exhaust temperature and, on a subset of vehicles, engine rpm and throttle position. The equipment included backhoes, compactors, dozers, motor graders, loaders and scrappers used in applications such as landfilling, street maintenance and general roadwork. The activity patterns varied considerably depending on the type of equipment and the application. Daily equipment operating time ranged from less than 30 minutes to more than 8 hours, with landfill equipment having the highest daily use. The number of engine starts per day ranged from 3-11 lover the fleet with an average of 5 starts per day. The average percent idle time for the fleet was approximately $25\%$ with a range from 11 to $65\%$ for individual pieces of equipment. Duty cycles based on exhaust temperature/throttle position profiles were also developed for two graders and one dozer.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.129-144
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify current trends in hip-hop fashion in korea and how they are influenced by musical characteristics of female hip-hop. This study considers the relationship between female hip-hop music and their fashion through the history of hip-hop. Data has been collected and analyzed from broadcastings, performances, music videos, and album jackets of female musicians who appeared in the cable television program 'Unpretty Rapstar' by MNET during two seasons in 2015. "Unpretty Rapstar" is the first program to focus on the music and fashion of female Korean hip-hop musicians. For the theoretical review, this article examines books and journal articles, which provide insight into the history and formation of hip-hop. It also analyzes the hip-hop styles of female musicians in Korea through Hiphopplaya.com, an Internet site specializing in hip-hop. the results of the analysis of the fashion of female Korean hip hop musicians is as follows: The characteristics of the styles of female hip-hop artists come out of Glam Style, which emphasizes femininity, but is also composed of a practical and dynamic street casual style. Most of the clothes are skinny jeans and sweat suits with vertical and slim-fit silhouettes or stadium jackets and jersey jackets with oversized silhouettes. The main colors of these outfits are prominently yellow and red with darker grayish tones, but also include natural achromatic colors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the method automatically to match areal feature based on similarity using spatial information. For this, we extracted candidate matching pairs intersected between two different spatial datasets, and then measured a shape similarity, which is calculated by an weight sum method of each matching criterion automatically derived from CRITIC method. In this time, matching pairs were selected when similarity is more than a threshold determined by outliers detection of adjusted boxplot from training data. After applying this method to two distinct spatial datasets: a digital topographic map and street-name address base map, we conformed that buildings were matched, that shape is similar and a large area is overlaid in visual evaluation, and F-Measure is highly 0.932 in statistical evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.585-595
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to classify the fashion images on sportive style, to find out the difference between the image of sportive style which consumers prefer and the image of sportive style which they want to show and, finally, to analyze their purchase behavior. This research is done with survey method. The subjects of the survey are 835 females in their twenties or their thirties in Pusan area. The data are analyzed with factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, $X^2$-test, and frequency analysis. The results of this study are as follows: first, sportive style is classified into Sexy, Romantic, Active and Modem image. Second, the results of analysis on consumers' preferring image and their wanting-to-show image to the above-mentioned image classification are as follows: firstly, the subjects' most preferring image and the image which they most want to show is Modem in1age. The second is Sexy image. But the subjects preferred having Modem image. Secondly, consumers' Individuality and apparel's Function are the important reasons to choose the sportive style. Thirdly, Modem image is the most preferred in the images of street wear. Sexy image and Active image are the preferred in the images of sports wear. Third, It is a vivid tone and a dark tone that is the color tone of sportive wear which consumers prefer. They prefer a logo- patterned sports wear, too. The consumers obtain most information on sports wear from sports wear stores. Silhouette is the most decisive design element in consumers' purchasing. The sports wear brands which the subjects prefer are Adidas and Nike.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.398-407
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explain the neighborhood region "gimpo northwest area" connection development make use of a core tourist area "kanghwado" of visitor behavior characteristics. this is a foundation data for research of kanghwado behavior characteristics. For this research, the description of the current study were as follows. First kanghwado revisitors of high potentialities visit gimpo northwest area. so its demanded same or different attraction development and make an target marketing from kanghwado revisitors. Second the gimpo northwest keep the accent on development history and experience education of housewives families. Third publicity board parking area and infrastructure is demanded on the 48th street. Forth Han river and Imjin river meeting point gimpo north area, each other kanghwado gimpo west put opposite Yeomha river there can see point the west sea. therefore we need waterside attraction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.459-469
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• 2018

This is a qualitative study to research the meaning and essence of life of old women living alone collecting waste paper in their experiences of daily life. Targeting seven old women who have kept collecting waste paper for a long time, data was collected through preliminary research and in-depth interview. In the results of analyzing in accordance with Colaizzi(1978)'s phenomenological analysis method, total 18 themes and five theme-groups were drawn. The five theme-groups related to the experience of old women collecting waste paper included 'tough time-I have gone through', 'continuity of tough life', 'continuously bearing', 'adjusting to street environmental changes', and 'proactive and active life of mine-current myself'. In summary, the essence of life of old women collecting waste paper was interpreted as 'acceptance'. Thus, the institutional/practical intervention measures for the social welfare of old women collecting waste paper were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of fashion sales related persons and analyze their different role recognition in women's Ready-To-Wear shops. A questionnaire was administered to 378 fashion sales related persons in department stores and individual shops. Data were analyzed by using crosstabs, $X^2$, t-test, Scheffe's test and ANOVA by using of SPSS PC program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the role of fashion salespersons, managers participated highly in the merchandise buying plan, actual merchandise buying and advertisement, and shopmasters participated in the management of salespersons and keeping good relation with customers and display. 2. There was significant difference according to the existence of shopmasters in sales promotion. Shops with shopmasters had regular sales and filed up customer cards. 3. Shopmasters and salespersons attached importance to fashion information, market information, sales result information, and managers attached importance to customer information, enterprise environment information in utilizing of informations. Managers considered customer survey very important but shopmasters and salespersons did not. Shopmasters, managers, and salespersons all attached importance to customers' preference survey as customers' information source. 4. There were significant differences in lifestyle survey, buying method survey, preference survey, street fashion survey, brand identity survey and advertizement effect survey of customers by the different roles of fashion salespersons. 5. There were significant differences in the degree of merchandise knowledge, service and after service in sales service recognition by the different roles of fashion salespersons.