• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.177-186
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of the stream flow of small rural streams for investigating the status of stream depletion located downstream of irrigation reservoir. Bonghyun and Hai reservoirs and each downstream were selected for this study. Streamflow was measured for 8 stations downstream from two reservoirs from 2010 to 2012. The water quality samples were collected monthly from the 8 stream stations and 2 reservoir stations from 2011 to 2012. The stream depletion was found in most of the downstream of reservoirs for the non-irrigation period and even in the irrigation period when there were a lot of antecedent precipitation. We found that the stream segments where there were few streamflow, vegetation covers the stream and block the streamflow which makes the stream lost its original function as a stream. Water quality monitoring results of Bonghyun stream indicated that the concentration of SS, Turbidity, TOC, COD were decreased as the stream flows from the reservoir to downstream while the TN and TP were increased. The correlation analysis for water quality data indicated that the correlation between T-N and T-P was high for Bonghyeon and Sukji streams, respectively. Continuous monitoring for rural streams located in downstream of reservoirs are required to quantify the status of stream flow depletion and determine the amount of environmental flows.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.483-492
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• 2019

An analytical model was developed to estimate the stream depletion due to cyclic groundwater pumping by extending the Hunt's analytical solution which was derived from considering the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer and the streambed. The model was applied to analyze the long-term effects of groundwater pumping on stream depletion during irrigation season. For the case of a total of 1,500 conditions according to various aquifer and streambed hydraulic characteristics and stream-well distance, the stream depletion due to cyclic groundwater pumping for 10 years was calculated and the results were graphically represented. Especially, the maximum and average stream depletion rates were calculated and compared with the results for continuous groundwater pumping. Furthermore, considering both stream depletion and return flow rates, the limit hydraulic condition that minimizes the influence of groundwater pumping for irrigation water supply on stream depletion was suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.328-331
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• 2005

Cheonggyecheon, covered and Paved with concretes for about more than 50 years, is a losing stream crossing over the downtown of Seoul, Korea. Due to several environmental and economic Problems about the Cheonggyecheon area, the Cheonggyecheon restoration construction has started in 2003. In restoration of Cheonggyecheon, hydraulic barriers are to be installed so as to reduce stream depletion rates for maintaining the stream flow with supplying a certain amount of water. This study evaluates the groundwater-stream interaction by analyzing stream depletion rates of Cheonggyecheon. Results show that significant stream depletion occurs at the up-midstream where the Seoul subway lines are concentrated. Simulation results demonstrate that both horizontal and vertical hydraulic barriers impeding groundwater flow into subway lines are more efficient than a horizontal barrier only for stream depletion rate reduction.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1079-1088
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• 2013

Groundwater pumping from a well has different impacts on streamflow depletion because hydraulic properties of the aquifer and the stream bed differ depending on its location. Therefore, quantitative assessment of streamflow depletion due to each groundwater pumping with different well locations is needed for the effective groundwater development and streamflow management. In this study, a watershed-based surface water and groundwater integrated model, SWAT-MODFLOW was used to assess the streamflow depletion near stream reach due to groundwater pumping from a well located within the Sinduncheon watershed. The arbitrary 50 wells among the currently used groundwater pumping wells were selected within the study area and the streamflow responses to each groundwater pumping were simulated at nearby and downstream reaches. In particular, the applicability of the Stream Depletion Factor (SDF) and Stream Bed Factor (SBF), which are widely used for evaluating the degree of streamflow depletion due to groundwater pumping, was evaluated. The simulated results demonstrated that the streamflow depletion rate divided by the pumping rate significantly differ depending on well locations and distance between well and stream, showing a wide range of values from below 20% to above 90%. From the simulated results, it was found out that the SDF or the SBF can be a partial referred value but not an absolute criterion in determining whether a pumping well has a great impact on streamflow depletion or not.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2016

Visual MODFLOW was used for quantifying stream-aquifer interactions caused by seasonal groundwater pumping. A hypothetical conceptual model was assumed to represent a stream-aquifer system commonly found in Korea. The model considered a two-layered aquifer with the upper alluvium and the lower bedrock and a stream showing seasonal water level fluctuations. Our results show that seasonal variation of the stream depletion rate (SDR) as well as the groundwater depletion depends on the stream depletion factor (SDF), which is determined by aquifer parameters and the distance from the pumping well to the stream. For pumping wells with large SDF, groundwater was considerably depleted for a long time of years and the streamflow decreased throughout the whole year. The impacts of return flow were also examined by recalculating SDR with an assumed ratio of immediate irrigation return flow to the stream. Return flow over 50% of pumping rate could increase the streamflow during the period of seasonal pumping. The model also showed that SDR was affected by both the conductance between the aquifer and the stream bed and screen depths of the pumping well. Our results can be used for preliminary assessment of water budget analysis aimed to plan an integrated management of water resources in riparian areas threatened by heavy pumping.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 2019

To prevent the drying-out of streams and to make effective use of stream water and groundwater, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of groundwater pumping on nearby streams. To this end, stream depletion due to groundwater pumping should be investigated in terms of various hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer and stream. This study used the Baalousha analytical solution, which accounts for stream-stage variation over time, to analyze stream depletion due to groundwater pumping for cases where the stream level decreases exponentially and recovers after the decrease. For conditions such as an aquifer transmissivity of 10~100 ㎡ d^-1, storage coefficient 0.05~0.3, streambed hydraulic conductance 0.1~1.0 m d^-1, stream-well distance 100~500 m, and stage recession coefficient 0.1~1.0 d^-1, the contribution of stream water (the dimensionless ratio of stream water reduction rate to groundwater pumping rate) was analyzed in cases where stream level change was considered. Considering the effect of stream-stage recession, the contribution of stream water is greatly reduced and is less affected by the stream-depletion factor, which is a function of the stream-to-well distance and hydraulic diffusivity. However, there is no significant difference in stream depletion under constant- and variable-stage recovery after recession. These results indicate that stream level control can distribute the relative impacts on stream water and aquifer storage during groundwater pumping

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1243-1258
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to develop the relational formula to estimate the streamflow depletion due to groundwater pumping near stream, which has been statistically derived by using the simulated data. The integrated surface water and groundwater model, SWAT-MODFLOW was applied to the Sinduncheon and Juksancheon watersheds to obtain the streamflow depletion data under various pumping conditions. Through the multiple regression analyses for the simulated streamflow depletion data, the relational formula between the streamflow depletion rate and various factors such as pumping rate, distance between well and stream, hydraulic properties in/near stream, amount of rainfall was obtained. The derived relational formula is easy to apply for assessing the effects of groundwater pumping on near stream, and is expected to be a tool for estimate the streamflow contribution to the pumped water.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 2012

Current urban stream conditions and their restoration projects were investigated by surveying the urban stream management experts in 29 cities with high population density (more than 1,000person/$km^{2}$). The survey results showed that the ratio of covered urban streams decreased by 1.4% (from 14% to 12.6%) in the last 5 years through steady river restoration projects promoted by governments. Nonetheless, 36.3% of 369 urban streams surveyed still report stream depletion problems; therefore, more efforts to alleviate the problems caused by distorted water circulation of urban streams are still necessary. Water depletion in many local urban streams, unlike national rivers, is accelerated due to negligence in stream management, budget shortage, and other reasons. To prevent stream depletion, the use of reclaimed water is suggested as one of the prevention plans. When available amounts of reused sewage are estimated through actual available nationwide sewage discharges of each watershed and instream flow of stream, annual instream flow supply of 780 million $m^{3}$ is expected; 4.8% reduction in the pollution load of public sewer treatment facilities is expected; and the creation of new value through water reuse service is expected. Thus, it is important for the reviews of feasibility and alternatives of water reuse projects for flow augmentation to consider not only investment budget reductions, but also environmental aspects. Also it is necessary to provide the financial support of unified government with strict water quality management policy.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2018

This study was to evaluate the stream depletion due to groundwater pumping from 17 wells near the Anseongcheon upper stream using the Baalousha's analytical solution (2012) which directly considers stream width and streambed hydraulic conductivity. The input hydraulic values of aquifer and streambed were obtained from the pumping tests and seepage experiments. The estimated streamflow depletion rates divided by pumping rate (dimensionless stream depletion) showed a range from 0.23 to 0.89 for 5 year pumping. In particular, the results revealed that the groundwater pumping has insignificant effects on streamflow when the stream depletion factor (SDF) is higher than 1,000 with values of dimensionless stream depletion lower than 0.4. A more simple Hunt's solution (1999) also applied to the same wells, and the results showed that the difference between the dimensionless stream depletions calculated by using both solutions could be negligible. From the comparison of the Baalousha's solution (2012) with the Hunt's solution (1999) with total 3,000 cases of simulations with combinations of various aquifer and stream properties, the stream-well distance should be more longer than stream width for reducing the discrepancy between both solutions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.923-930
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• 2016

This study was to evaluate the stream depletion from groundwater pumping in shallow aquifer using the Hunt's analytical solution (2009) which considers a two-layer leaky aquifer-stream system. From the total 2,187 cases of simulations with combinations of various aquifer and stream properties, the streamflow depletion rates divided by the groundwater pumping rate showed the low values when the stream depletion factor (SDF) is higher than 1,000-10,000, and was more sensitive to the aquitard hydraulic conductivity than the streambed hydraulic conductivity. The comparison of the Hunt's solution (2009) with the Hunt's solution (1999) of a single layer aquifer indicated that the maximum difference between the dimensionless stream depletions calculated by using both solutions is above 0.3, and the stream depletion is significantly affected by the hydraulic properties of the $2^{nd}$ layer as the SDF of the first layer increases. The Hunt's solution (2009) was applied to the real shallow groundwater well that is located in Chunju-Si, and the results revealed that the groundwater pumping has significant effects on streamflow in a short period of time, showing that the dimensionless stream depletion exceeds 0.8 within a few days. It was also found that the shallow groundwater pumping effects on stream depletion are highly dependent on the stream-well distance for the locations with high hydraulic diffusivity of $1^{st}$ layer and low vertical leakance between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ layers.