• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

Annually, the scale of agricultural areas in Korea were being reduced as the lands were converted to other land uses. While the rate of productivity were either being maintained or increased, the pollution load from these areas were still greater in magnitude. Although the levels of pollutant concentration released in the agricultural watersheds were minimal, the combined quantities mostly from diffuse sources were high. As a consequence, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) in Korea adopted the use of free water surface (FWS) flow constructed wetlands to reduce the pollutant loadings emitted from agricultural watersheds for the improvement of water quality and protection of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, a constructed wetland treating stream water in an agricultural watershed was monitored since April 2009 subsequent to its completion in December 2008. Satisfactory performance was achieved for TSS, BOD and TP with 26%, 28% and 39% pollutant removal rates, respectively. In addition, the effluent water quality was improved and achieved compliance the national water quality criteria. Results of this study can be useful to establish design parameters and employ proper removal techniques of similar natural treatment systems for future implementation in the country.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2018

The Ministry of the Environment conducts a water environment management plan and TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load) for integrated watershed management, and determines whether the target water quality is achieved using water quality monitoring data. The concentration of monitoring points located in the downstream of the watershed is the outcome of complicated mechanisms such as influx of pollutants from the tributaries of the watershed and self-purification of river water. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of main stream and tributary water quality on the target water quality point using the water pollution source tracking and exceedance rate of watershed. In this study, FDC and exceedance rate analysis were performed on six water quality items including BOD and T-P, which are the targets of TMDL. Water quality items and points affecting the target water quality point were derived from flow rate. In this study, the pollution source tracking through FDC analysis and exceedance rate analysis will be able to establish more efficiently the water quality management strategy for each branch to achieve the target water quality.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 1990

In order to disclose the contamination of the Mushim-Cheon by pollutants in August and September of 1989 and to establish countermeasures, the collected water samples were analyzed to obtain the following results : 1. The water temperature of the period ranged from 25.8 to $30.8^{\circ}C$ acceptable for the growth of microorganisms and algae to allow the self-purification of the stream. 2. The pHs at the sites during the same period ranged from 6.5 to 8.5 which fall within the allowed values for the first grade water supplies except for site 14. 3. At site 18 which is the confluence of the sewer of the excretion disposal facilities and the main stream, the DO was observed to fall down to 0.7 ppm in September. 4. The BOD value reached a maximum of 62.1 ppm at site 18, which far exceeded the limit of 40 ppm, the allowed value for the discharges from the disposal facilities. In addition, the SS values were 200 and 520 ppm in August and September, respectively, which were three to seven times as high as the allowed limit of 70 ppm. 5. The high $NH_3-N$ value of 46.2 ppm at site 18 in September suggested that the water was heavily contaminated with excretions. 6. The BOD load of the sewage from site 12, the Sajik-Dong Sewer, in September was estimated to be about 0.306 ton/day. 7. The contamination of the influents, the family wastewater, and the discharges from the disposal facilities was greater than that of the main stream. 8. In the samples collected from site 12, the Sajik-Dong sewer at an interval of every two hours, a close correlation was observed between the pollutant load and the life cycle of the nearby inhabitants. 9. Compared with the results obtained from the water samples in 1979, it was observed that the water was heavily contaminated at site 12 (the Sajik-Dong Sewer, under the Chung Ju Great Bridge) and site 15 (Under the 2nd Uncheon Bridge) over the last 10 years, with little difference at site 9(Young Un-Dong water supply source).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.100-110
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate influence of chemical properties in the riparian on the species diversity and to get plant information for enhancement of natural purification in Mankyeong River. The concentration of total nitrogen was high in Jeonju and Sam stream, while that of total nitrogen showed the highest peak in Winter. Concentrations of $NH_4-N$ was $0.01{\sim}0.06\;mg/L$ in Gosan and Soyang stream. The water quality of upstream along with Mankyeong River was suitable for the irrigation source. The riparian vegetation was investigated by Zurich-Montpellier school's method from June, 2001 to September, 2002. The number of riparian plants were 59 families, 129 genera, 165 species, 20 varieties in Gosancheon, on the while 53 families, 111 genera, 141 species, 19 varieties in Soyangcheon. The number of riparian plants in Bari basin was higher than that of other sites namely, 73 families, 134 genera, 218 species, 33 varieties. Riparian vegetation was consisted of 12 plant communities. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity had negative relationship with species diversity (Species richness index, Heterogeneity index, Species evenness index Species number). On the while, species diversity had positive relationship with soil pH. Species diversify of the plant communities were affected by topography and disturbance.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.1135-1143
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• 2014

This study was carry out to evaluate of water purification in oxidation pond with filamentous algae mat. It is the water treatment process in the small rural streams to remove the organic materials and nutrients. We used the filamentous algae mat (FAM) which selectively predominate the filamentous algae to prevent the additional contamination by algae outflow, and we conducted a experiment on the water treatment process using the aquatic plants such as Eichhornia crassipes. The removal efficiencies (%) of water quality parameters were SS 80.9%, COD 74.6%, TN 76.8%, TP 84.4%, DTN 93.8% and DTP 98.3%, respectively. Temperature, a effect factor, was $21.8{\pm}5.9^{\circ}C$ during the operating period, according to temperature had no effect on the removal efficiencies of pollutants. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) strongly correlated with removal efficiencies (%) of SS and TP having r=0.414 (p<0.005), r=0.446 (p<0.005), respectively, and when HRT was 5day had highly removal efficiency (%) in SS and TP. TN and TP removal efficiency increased with ratio decreasing in both COD/TN and COD/TP of Influent.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

The QUAL-II E Model was applied to predict the water quality of the Mankyong drainage System, and lead to following conclusion. 1. The difference between computed and measured BOD at the M-3 (Bakgugeong) station was within 10%, indicating that the application of the QUAL-IIE Model for the prediction of water quality was satisfactory thus far. 2. The application of the model states that the discharge of concentrated pollutants at the M-1 station on the Jeonju stream, located 41Km upstream from the estuary, causes the worst problems. The sluice which extends residence time and enlarges watery surface improves water quality by a Self-purification process at the M-3 station, 28km upstream from the estuary. 3. The accuracy of the model diminished when this model was applied on the estuary downstream of the sluice. Hence, the application of the model on the estuary needs to be used with caution. 4. Among the conputed water quality parameters, BOD is the worst problem. At the M-3 station, BOD is computed to be 26.6 mg/1 in 1996, 30.7 mg/1 in 2,001, 33.0 mg/l in 2006, and 37.5 mg/1 in 2011. When preventive measures against water pollution are not properly exercised, severe problems in irrigation and water resources are expected. This study will be of used in the selection of irrigation water intake points, the criteria of effluent treatment, the management of water resources, and the establishment of water quality managemont policy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2019

It is an urgent issue to manage and reduce non-point pollution sources for improving the water quality of stream and lakes in rural areas. In this study, in order to reduce non-point pollution sources in rural area, Gabion mattresses was proposed to provide protection of riverbanks with anaerobic and aerobic area. The utilization of this was assessed by lab scale model test and pilot plant test. After filling the inside of the gabion mattresses with aggregate, the filtration zone under anaerobic and aerobic conditions was formed to treat the contaminants. In addition, vegetation was deposited on the surfae of the gabion to prevent the inflow of soil and to promote purification by the plant. COD and nitrogen content (T-N, $NH_4{^+}$, -N, $NO_3{^-}N$) were monitored in model and field tests. The lab scale model test showed removal efficiency of 17% of TCOD, 35% of SCOD, 14% of TN, 62% of $NH_4{^+}$, -N, and 33% of $NO_3{^-}$ N. Also, pilot plant test showed removal efficiency of 24% of TCOD, 29% of SCOD, 47% of TN, 50% of $NH_4{^+}-N$, 33% of $NO_3{^-}$, N and 29% of TP.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify various types of activities of payment contract for ecosystem services. As supporting services, 12 types of activities were derived: fallow, eco-friendly crop cultivation, shelter creation management, etc. As regulating services, 5 types of activities were derived: stream environment purification, creation and management of riparian vegetation, creation and management of forests for responding to climate change, etc. As cultural services, five types of activities were derived: creation and management of landscape forests, creation and management of ecological trails, managing ecosystem conservation, etc.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.23
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• pp.245-280
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• 2011

One of the major streams of modern play in Korea is the work of introducing Korea's traditional ritual-'gut' into a play. Such work, together with the stream of diversification of culture, has brought about the tendency to induce 'gut' into a play in a creative way. The research on ritual plays in Korea has been done in the direction of studying the ritual plays in the West centering on the work of theoretically inquiring into histrionic features inhering in 'gut' as a ritual. This research made an analysis of the receptive aspect of rituals and histrionic characteristics presented in Korea plays through "Sanssikgim" and "Ogu" on the basis of the theory of ritual plays established by Artaud. In an effort to understand the receptive aspect of rituals, this research analyzed what forms these Korean works are borrowing from "Ssikgim gut" and "Ogu gut" while analyzing these works differently from the viewpoint of Artaud regarding characteristics of ritual plays. Accordingly, this research made an analysis of the structure and characteristic of "gut" with the aim of understanding in what form "gut" is absorbed into Korean plays by looking at the theatric receptive forms of "gut." The ritual plays in Korea originated in "gut." Likewise, the theater of cruelty by Artaud was greatly influenced by the belly dance stemming from "mudang-gut" in Asia. Accordingly, there is considerably exposed something in common between the ritual play in Korea and Artaud's theater of cruelty. "Gut" in Korea, or ritual plays are a little different from Artaud's work which makes its audience feel unfamiliar in that 'gut' or ritual plays in Korea are pursuing ritualistic quality and playing quality simultaneously, but there exists a similarity between the two in that they both desired to have communication with audiences. This researcher strongly believes that for the time to come, when the receptive aspect of the modern play assuming ritualistic quality is developed using the medium of communication with audiences, purification and play therapy, its direction will be more noticeably exposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

Carbon-dioxide capture and storage (CCS) process is consisted by capturing carbon-dioxide from large point source such as power plant and steel works, transporting and sequestrating captured $CO_2$ in a stable geological structure. During CCS process, it is inevitable of introducing impurities from combustion, capture and purification process into $CO_2$ stream. Impurities such as $SO_2$, $H_2O$, CO, $N_2$, Ar, $O_2$, $H_2$, can influence on process efficiency, capital expenditure, operation expense of CCS process. In this study, experimental apparatus is built to simulate the behavior of $CO_2$ transport under various impurity composition and process pressure condition. With this apparatus, $N_2$ impurity effect on $CO_2$ mixture transportation was experimentally evaluated. The result showed that as $N_2$ ratio increased pressure drop per mass flow and specific volume of $CO_2-N_2$ mixture also increased. In 120 and 100 bar condition the mixture was in single phase supercritical condition, and as $N_2$ ratio increased gradient of specific volume change and pressure drop per mass flow did not change largely compared to low pressure condition. In 70 bar condition the mixture phase changed from single phase liquid to single phase vapor through liquid-vapor two phase region, and it showed that the gradient of specific volume change and pressure drop per mass flow varied in each phase.