• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2008

Quality characteristics of kochujang prepared with strawberry puree (10, 20, and 30% on a total weight basis) were investigated at 30 and 300 days of fermentation. The highest $L^*$-value was found in 30% strawberry kochujang at 300 days of fermentation. In contrast, the highest degree of redness ($a^*$) was observed in 30% strawberry kochujang at the early stage of fermentation. During the fermentation, values of $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ increased except $a^*$-value of 30% strawberry kochujang, indicating proper substitution of strawberry puree could preserve the desired color of kochujang. After 300 days of fermentation, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness increased while adhesiveness decreased significantly (p<0.05). Taste score and Pearson coefficient between sensory and strawberry concentration revealed that 10% strawberry kochujang was more acceptable than the others, due to color and the formation of flavor compounds during the fermentation and these compounds enhanced the flavor of kochujang.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2016

Dieback in strawberry (Seolhyang cultivar) was first observed during the nursery season (June to September) in the Nonsan area of Korea in the years 2012 and 2013. Initial disease symptoms included dieback on runners, as well as black rot on roots, followed by wilting and eventually blackened, necrotic discoloration in the crowns of daughter plants. A fungus isolated from the diseased roots, runners, and crowns is close to Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characteristics. Analysis of a combined dataset assembled from sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1- alpha genes grouped nine fungal isolates with the type strain of L. theobromae. The isolates showed strong pathogenicity on strawberry cultivars Kumhyang, Seolhyang, and Akihimae, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Based on these results, the pathogen responsible for dieback on strawberry plants in Korea was identified as L. theobromae.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2022

Anthracnose crown rot (ACR) has been observed in greenhouses during the nursery and harvest seasons in Gangwon Province, Korea. Infected plants showed black leaf spot, dark sunken pink conidial masses on petioles, wilting, and eventually death. Five isolates were obtained from the lesions of strawberry plants and were identified as a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Multilocus sequence analysis of actin, calmodulin, chitin synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phophate dehydrogenase genes, and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions showed that the isolates formed a monophyletic group with the type strain of C. siamense. Pathogenicity tests were performed on the isolate, and Koch's postulates were performed to verify the relationship between Colletotrichum sp. and the strawberry plant variety Seolhyang. The isolate was pathogenic to strawberry plants, which exhibited typical ACR symptoms. Based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and DNA sequence analyses, the fungus isolated in Korea was identified as C. siamense. This is first time C. siamense has been confirmed in ever-bearing strawberry varieties in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2009

Virus disease surveys of strawberries cultivated and preserved as germplasm resources in Korea was conducted during 2007-2008. Virus detection was conducted by RT-PCR using total RNAs extracted from strawberry samples. We detected the infection with Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV), Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) and Strawberry pallidosis associated virus (SPaV) while no infection with Strawberry crinkle virus (SCV), Strawberry necrotic shock virus (SNSV), Strawberry latent ring spot virus (SLRSV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) was observed. The infection rate of virus disease on 4 cultivars including Seolhyang, Maehyang, Gumhyang, and Dahong, bred in Korea, was 0.1, 1.9, 0, and 0%, respectively. Surprisingly, however, cultivar Red Peal introduced from Japan in 1997 revealed 48.3% virus infection rate. SMYEV, SMoV and SPaV were also identified in strawberries growing in the farm fields of Korea. In the field, however, SMYEV was the most predominant virus (97.4%) among those 3 identified viruses. SVBV was detected only in strawberry kept as a germplasm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.708-716
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify strawberry wilt pathogens and evaluate the efficacy of Chlorella fusca CHK0059 for improving plant growth and suppressing Fusarium wilt. We identified 10 isolates of wilt pathogens of non-pesticide Seolhyang strawberry plant, including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, using morphological and molecular analysis. On the 15^th day after 0.4% CHK0059 treatment, the plant height of the untreated control strawberry plants was significantly greater than that of the CHK0059-treated strawberry plants. After 85 days, both treatments showed a similar tendency regarding the height of the strawberry plants. However, the thickness of strawberry leaves treated with the CHK0059 was found to be 1 mm thicker than that of the untreated control. The flowering percentage of the CHK0059 plants was also 40.2% higher on average than that of the untreated control. The chlorophyll content of strawberry leaves treated with the CHK0059 was also, on average, 6.63% higher than that of the untreated control. After 90 days of the CHK0059 treatment, the incidence of Fusarium wilt in the CHK0059-treated plants had reduced by 9.8% on average compared to the untreated control. The population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae was also reduced by approximately 86.8% in the CHK0059-treated plants by comparison to the untreated control at 70 days after treatment. The results indicate that the microalga C. fusca CHK0059 is an efficient biological agent for improving strawberry plant growth and suppressing Fusarium wilt disease in organic strawberries.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.633-639
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• 2013

Fungicide applications are required to prevent the strawberry from Botrytis fruit rot and powdery mildew that infect open strawberry flowers, however, their effects of fungicides on pollen germination of strawberry have been rarely documented, particularly those from recently developed active fungicidal ingredients. In this study we have evaluated the effects of 24 commercial fungicidal formulations and 6 organic materials on pollen germination in 3 strawberry cultivars using in vitro assays. Pollens from strawberry had higher germination rates on agar with sucrose of 18% and $25^{\circ}C$ than other tested conditions. Pollen germination rates of cvs. Seolhyang, Maehyang, and Kumhyang at 18% sucrose and $25^{\circ}C$ were 15.3, 18.4 and 30.7%, respectively. Pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, dichlofluanid, iminoctadine tris, and sulfur showed the strongest inhibitory efficacy with the germination rates of more than 93.8% compared to the no-fungicide control. Germination was not significantly affected by simeconazole and procymidone. This in vitro germination study may provide information useful for selecting fungicides in flowering stage to strawberry farmers.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 1995

The effect of AF-toxin I produced by the strawberry pathotype of Alternaria alternata on the protein synthesis of susceptible strawberry protoplasts was examined by using the radiolabeled amino acids. The incorporation of the radiolabeled amino acids into newly synthesized proteins in the strawberry protoplasts was stimulated by the toxin treatment at relatively low concentrations (2.2$\times$10-11 to 2.2$\times$10-9 M), but not at higher concentrations (2.2$\times$10-8 to 2.2$\times$10-6 M). An one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no detectable differences in the proteins synthesized in both the toxintreated and untreated protoplasts. The susceptible strawberry protoplasts were treated with AF-toxin I and stained with Fluostain I to detect the extracellular polysaccharides. The toxin treatment induced the accumulation of extracellular polysccharides in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate a transient activation of cellular metabolism in the susceptible cells by the toxin exposure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.67.2-67
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• 2002

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.707-716
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the management performance and production efficiency of strawberry farmers who introduced smart farming, one of the primary symbols of the fourth industrial revolution in the agricultural sector. Methods: We conducted an empirical survey of strawberry farms using smart farming and analyzed production efficiency using DEA method. Results: First, difficulties for strawberry farmers introducing smart farming included time and money spent on parts replacement and additional costs due to compatibility problems with existing facilities after the adoption. Second, strawberry farmers using smart farming increased their total income by producing higher yield and improving quality thanks to the competent growth management. Third, the analysis of production efficiencies before and after smart farming found improvement in technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. But, the gaps in technical and scale efficiencies among the farms widened. Conclusion: Based on the results above, following policy suggestions are offered. First, an environment control technology suitable for strawberry farming needs to be developed. Second, the smart farming technology needs to be standardized by the government. Third, new smart farm models need to be developed to accommodate to the facilities and environment in Korea through collecting big data including high-quality data on the environment, growth, and yield. Fourth, continuing education needs to be provided to narrow the gap in smart farming technology among strawberry farmers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 2008

Strawberry is widely consumed in diet and has been attracted much attention due to its potential for human health benefits. Strawberry contains a diverse range of phytochemicals but the biological activities with molecular mechanisms are poorly elucidated yet. In this study, the effects of the extracts of strawberry (Maehyang cultivar) on antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiproliferative potential against various cancer cells were investigated. The strawberry extracts (SE) of Maehyang cultivar showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. In addition, SE inhibited the growth of human colon (HCT-116), lung (A549), stomach (SNU-638) and fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cancer cells. The strawberry extracts also exhibited the inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and suppressed LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA expression in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggest that the strawberry extracts (Maehyang cultivar) might have antioxidant, antiinflammotry, and anticancer activities.