• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1259-1281
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• 2014

This research has been conducted in order to investigate the effects of peak ground velocity (PGV) of near-field earthquakes on base-isolated structures mounted on Single Friction Pendulum (SFP), Double Concave Friction Pendulum (DCFP) and Triple Concave Friction Pendulum (TCFP) bearings. Seismic responses of base-isolated structures subjected to simplified near field pulses including the forward directivity and the fling step pulses are considered in this study. Behaviour of a two dimensional single story structure mounting on SFP, DCFP and TCFP isolators investigated employing a variety range of isolators and the velocity (PGV) of the forward directivity and the fling step pulses as the main variables of the near field earthquakes. The maximum isolator displacement and base shear are selected as main seismic responses. Peak seismic responses of different isolator types are compared to emphasize the efficiency of each one under near field earthquakes. It is demonstrated that rising the PGVs increases the isolator displacement and base shear of structure. The effects of the forward directivity are greater than the fling step pulses. Furthermore, TCFP isolator is more effective to control the near field effects than the other friction pendulum isolators are. This efficiency is more significant in pulses with longer period and greater PGVs.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.175-181
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• 2006

The prediction of time-dependent column shortening is essential for tall buildings considering both strength and serviceability aspects. The Column shortening of tall buildings with transfer floor should be calculated considering the long-term deflection of transfer girder. In this study, both the column shortening and the deflection of transfer girder of 45-story tall concrete building are predicted. The column shortening considering deflection of transfer girder are compared with the actual column shortening by field measurement.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.3-11
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• 1998

Response of tall buildings to near-field ground motions with distinct low-frequency pulses can differ dramatically from, for example, the response to the 1940 El Centro ground motion. For the same peak ground acceleration (PGA) and duration of shaking, ground motions with a pulse-like characteristic can generate much higher base shear, inter-story drifts and roof displacement in a high-rise building as compared to ground motions without the characteristic pulse. Also, the ductility demand is much higher and the effectiveness of supplemental damping is lower for pulse-like ground motions. This paper presents a simple interpretation of the response characteristics for two recorded and one synthetic near-field pulse-like ground motions.

• Atmosphere
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.7-10
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• 2004

A short review on TOTO (TOtable Tornado Observatory), one of the earliest in-situ observing systems for tornado, is provided. TOTO was outfitted with sensors for measuring wind, pressure and humidity, and storm researchers, in mid-1980's, tried to put it inside tornadoes for detailed studies on tornado, but failed. However, the accumulated knowledge and experience with TOTO lead to a successful field program in mid-1990's. A story about DOROTHY, a parody of TO TO in the movie "Twister!", is also provided.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2023

This paper investigates the influences of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on the seismic behavior of two-dimensional reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames subjected to Far-Field Ground Motion (FFGM) and Near-Field Ground Motion (NFGM). For this purpose, the nonlinear modeling of 7, 10, and 15-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frames were developed in Open Systems for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees) software. Effects of SSI were studied by simulating Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) and the soil type as homogenous medium-dense. Generally, the building resistance to seismic loads can be explained in terms of Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA); therefore, IDA curves are presented in this study. For comparison, the fragility evaluation is subjected to NFGM and FFGM as proposed by Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors (FEMA P-695). The seismic performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings with fixed and flexible foundations was evaluated to assess the probability of collapse. The results of this paper demonstrate that SSI and NFGM have significantly influenced the probability of failure of the RC frames. In particular, the flexible-base RC buildings experience higher Spectral acceleration (Sa) compared to the fixed-base ones subjected to FFGM and NFGM.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.43-53
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the meaningfulness and the possibility of developing kinetic narrative educational contents based on English literature with convergent approaches. To accomplish the objective, this paper examines three areas of research such as kinetic education, English literature education, and total physical response-storytelling method. It introduces the following three stages of development procedure: 1) selecting and analyzing English literature, 2) designing a prototype including the story flow, the movement and the motion interaction design, and 3) constructing motion database using Laban movement analysis. Then, how to apply it to young learners is illustrated with 'the story of the three little pigs,' Finally, implication for the field of young learner English education and English literature is discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.217-227
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• 2018

In the last decades, valuable results have been reported regarding conventional passive, active, semi-active, and hybrid structural control systems on two-dimensional and a few three-dimensional shear buildings. In this research, using a three-dimensional finite element model of high-rise concrete structures, designed by performance based plastic design method, it was attempted to construct a relatively close to reality model of concrete structures equipped with Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) by considering the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI), torsion effect, hysteresis behavior and cracking effect of concrete. In contrast to previous studies which have focused mainly on linearly designed structures, in this study, using performance-based plastic design (PBPD) design approach, nonlinear behavior of the structures was considered from the beginning of the design stage. Inelastic time history analysis on a detailed model of twenty-story concrete structure was performed under a far-field ground motion record set. The seismic responses of the structure by considering SSI effect are studied by eight main objective functions that are related to the performance of the structure, containing: lateral displacement, acceleration, inter-story drift, plastic energy dissipation, shear force, number of plastic hinges, local plastic energy and rotation of plastic hinges. The tuning problem of TMD based on tuned mass spectra is set by considering five of the eight previously described functions. Results reveal that the structural damage distribution range is retracted and inter-story drift distribution in height of the structure is more uniform. It is strongly suggested to consider the effect of SSI in structural design and analysis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.173-190
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• 2015

This study presents an analytical investigation on the seismic response of a medium-rise buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) under the near-fault ground motions. A seven-story BRBF is designed as per the current code provisions for five different combinations of brace configurations and beam-column connections. Two types of brace configurations (i.e., Chevron and Double-X) are considered along with a combination of the moment-resisting and the non-moment-resisting beam-to-column connections for the study frame. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are carried out for all study frames for an ensemble of forty SAC near-fault ground motions. The main parameters evaluated are the interstory and residual drift response, brace displacement ductility, and plastic hinge mechanisms. Fragility curves are developed using log-normal probability density functions for all study frames considering the interstory drift ratio and residual drift ratio as the damage parameters. The average interstory drift response of BRBFs with Double-X brace configurations significantly exceeded the allowable drift limit of 2%. The maximum displacement ductility characteristics of BRBs is efficiently utilized under the seismic loading if these braces are arranged in the Double-X configurations instead of Chevron configurations in BRBFs located in the near-fault regions. However, BRBFs with the Double-X brace configurations exhibit the higher interstory drift and residual drift response under near-fault ground motions due to the formation of plastic hinges in the columns and beams at the intermediate story levels.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

Today, museum exhibition can be divided into two sub-categories: a. informative exhibition with various useful auxiliary media to convey knowledge and b. appreciative exhibition considering aesthetic conveyance and visual/perceptual environment. In addition to this, the concept of memorial exhibition as a field that tangible and intangible memories are transmitted and reproduced is creating another genre of exhibition. As an example of such a memorial exhibition above, the work of de-constructive architect Daniel Libeskind was selected. Jewish Museum and Imperial War Museum North both of which maximized the exhibition space by grafting architectural language to exhibition narrative were analyzed and compared to see if the same architectural language can be displayed differently in another form of exhibition after being drawn into the exhibition space depending on the changes in time and perspective. Therefore, in the narrative display combining the selection of exhibition contents and storytelling, the formative language of space can confirm that exhibition narrative as an ending structure changed into a retelling story with more extended meanings through interactive factors. Eventually, in this formative narrative, when the display of historical facts and exhibition themes is combined with the architectural language in an exhibition hall according to the approach direction, the memorial exhibition can create a formative language stimulating sensibility in the memories of space and a differentiated formative exhibition space where one is truly moved by oneness of contents.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.3_4
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• pp.539-556
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• 2004

In this paper, the design, fabrication and characterization of a piezoelectric friction damper are presented. It was sized with the proposed practical procedure to minimize the story drift and floor acceleration of an existing 1/4-scale, three-story frame structure under both near-fault and far-field earthquakes. The design operation friction force in kip was numerically determined to range from 2.2 to 3.3 times the value of the peak ground acceleration in g (gravitational acceleration). Experimental results indicated that the load-displacement loop of the damper is nearly rectangular in shape and independent of the excitation frequency. The coefficient of friction of the damper is approximately 0.85 when the clamping force on the damper is above 400 lbs. It was found that the friction force variation of the damper generated by piezoelectric actuators with 1000 Volts is approximately 90% of the expected value. The properties of the damper are insensitive to its ambient temperature and remain almost the same after being tested for more than 12,000 cycles.