• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 1985

이 논문에서는 standard cell의 layout을 위한 doglegging을 하지 않는 channel 배선 시스템에 대하여 서술할 것이다. 이 시스템은 주어진 net list specification을 만족시키기 위하여, 각각 standard cell 의 직선 배열 결합인 두 row 사이의 구평 track에서 이층의 최종 배선 패턴을 만들어 준다. 이 논문에서 사용한 CMOS cell library는 9개의 기본 cell을 가지고 있으며, Mead-Cogway 방식에서의 A-2micron을 사용하여 CIF(Caltech Intermediate From) 형태로 표현되었다. Component library에는 각 cell 내의 pin들의 이름. 위치 및 layer type 등의 입출력 port 특성이 저장되어서, CROUT라는 channel routing program에서 입력 자료로 사용된다. 또 다른 program NETPLOT은 routing 결과를 개략적으로 도시하여 주며, NETCIF에서는 최종의 자세한 layout을 CIF file로 만들어 주고 있다. 기본 cell을 이온하여 set/reset이 있는 dynamic Raster-slave형 D flip-flop에 대한 channel routing의 경우 VAX l1/780 에서 4초의 CPU 시간이 소요되었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2218-2229
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• 2006

A conservative finite-volume numerical method for unstructured grids with the cell-centered method has been developed for computing flow and heat transfer by combining the attractive features of the existing pressure-based procedures with the advances made in unstructured grid techniques. This method uses an integral form of governing equations for arbitrary convex polyhedra. Care is taken in the discretization and solution procedure to avoid formulations that are cell-shape-specific. A collocated variable arrangement formulation is developed, i.e. all dependent variables such as pressure and velocity are stored at cell centers. For both convective and diffusive fluxes the forms superior to both accuracy and stability are particularly adopted and formulated through a systematic study on the existing approximation ones. Gradients required for the evaluation of diffusion fluxes and for second-order-accurate convective operators are computed by using a linear reconstruction based on the divergence theorem. Momentum interpolation is used to prevent the pressure checkerboarding and a segregated solution strategy is adopted to minimize the storage requirements with the pressure-velocity coupling by the SIMPLE algorithm. An algebraic solver using iterative preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used for the solution of linearized equations. The flow analysis code (PowerCFD) developed by the present method is evaluated for its application to several 2-D structured-mesh benchmark problems using a variety of unstructured quadrilateral and triangular meshes. The present flow analysis code by using unstructured grids with the cell-centered method clearly demonstrate the same accuracy and robustness as that for a typical structured mesh.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2017

One shot tasks like a MERSC handling policy, a cinema poster, and so on are too small, diverse, and sporadic to make them as apps or web applications. They are usually shared as the form of notes attached in the field or messages in smart phones. In order to support inter-operability with internet web sites, QR/NFC tags are attached to them. What matters in the web technology is that HTML5 standard does not supply the accessability of smart phones' resources like a camera, an audio, magnetic sensors, and etc. In this paper, we propose a universal smart phone application for handling various one-shot tasks in the same UI/UX. One-shot tasks are described with HTML5 web documents, and the URL for the web documents are stored in QR/NFC tags. A smart phone scans a tag, and then the web document is retrieved and presented finally. QR tags can be delivered to other smart phones through messages or SNS. We solve the problem of HTML5 standard supplying a resource access library with javascrippts. We suggested the whole architecture and the internal structure of QR/NFC tags. We show that our scheme is applicable to make variable one-shot tasks.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제10A권6호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 메쉬 구조 다중컴퓨터 시스템을 위한 새로운 서브메쉬 할당방법을 제안한다. 이 할당방법의 특징은 유형별 가용 서브메쉬 리스트를 사용하여 가용 서브메쉬의 탐색시간을 줄이는 것이다. 이 할당방법은 메쉬 구조에서 탐색한 독립 가용 서브메쉬들을 유형(정방형, 가로 직사각형, 세로 직사각형)에 따라 분류하여 유형별 가용 서브메쉬 리스트를 생성한다. 그리고 태스크의 유형과 동일한 유형별 가용 서브메쉬 리스트에서 먼저 최적의 서브메쉬를 찾음으로써 서브메쉬의 탐색시간을 줄인다. 만약 가용 서브메쉬를 찾지 못할 경우에는 각 독립 가용 서브메쉬의 속성으로 저장된 확장지수를 사용하여 서브메쉬의 크기를 확장한 후 최적의 가용 서브메쉬를 찾는다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 서브메쉬 할당방법이 서브메쉬 탐색시간을 줄이는 면에서 기존의 할당방법에 비해 우수함을 보인다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.891-898
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• 2005

Inertia welding is a solid-state welding process in which butt welds in materials are made in bar and in ring form at the joint race, and energy required lot welding is obtained from a rotating flywheel. The stored energy is converted to frictional heat at the interface under axial load. The quality of the welded joint depends on many parameters, including axial force, initial revolution speed and energy amount of upset. working time, and residual stresses in the joint. Inertia welding was conducted to make the large exhaust valve spindle for low speed marine diesel engine. superalloy Nimonic 80A for valve head of 540mm and high alloy SNCrW for valve stem of 115mm. Due to different material characteristics such as, thermal conductivity and flow stress. on the two sides of the weld interface, modeling is crucial in determining the optimal weld geometry and Parameters. FE simulation was performed by the commercial code DEFORM-2D. A good agreement between the Predicted and actual welded shape is observed. It is expected that modeling will significantly reduce the number of experimental trials needed to determine the weld parameters. especially for welds for which are very expensive materials or large shaft. Many kinds of tests, including macro and microstructure observation, chemical composition tensile , hardness and fatigue test , are conducted to evaluate the qualify of welded joints. Based on the results of the tests it can be concluded that the inertia welding joints of the superalloy exhaust valve spindle are better properties than the material specification of SNCrW.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.151-151
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• 2011

Large amounts of natural gas, mainly methane, in the form of hydrates are stored on continental margins. When gas hydrates are dissociated by any environmental trigger, generation of excess pore pressure due to released free gas may cause sediment deformation and weakening. Hence, damage on offshore structures or submarine landslide can occur by gas hydrate dissociation. Therefore, geotechnical stability of gas hydrate bearing sediments is in need to be securely assessed. However, geotechnical characteristics of gas hydrates bearing sediments including small-strain elastic moduli have been poorly identified. Synthesizing gas hydrate in natural seabed sediment specimen, which is mainly composed of silty-to-clayey soils, has been hardly attempted due to their low permeability. Moreover, it has been known that hydrate loci in pore spaces and heterogeneity of hydrate growth in specimen scale play a critical role in determining physical properties of hydrate bearing sediments. In the presented study, we synthesized gas hydrate containing sediments in an instrumented oedometric cell. Geotechnical and geophysical properties of gas hydrate bearing sediments including compressibility, small-strain elastic moduli, elastic wave, and electrical resistivity are determined by wave-based techniques during loading and unloading processes. Significant changes in volume change, elastic wave, and electrical resistivity have been observed during formation and dissociation of gas hydrate. Experimental results and analyses reveal that geotechnical properties of gas hydrates bearing sediments are highly governed by hydrate saturation, effective stress, void ratio, and soil types as well as morphological feature of hydrate formation in sediments.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

PACS를 구현할 때 가장 어려운 점은 데이터 총량이 방대하다는 것이다. 이러한 이유로 PACS에서는 대용량의 기억장치를 필요로 하고, 동시에 빠른 전송시간이 요구된다. 따라서 PACS에 저장하는 의료영상은 압축이 필요하다. Ingrid Daubechies와 Stephane Mallat 등에 의해 발표된 웨이브릿 변환은 푸리어 변환과 같이 기저 함수들의 집합으로 신호를 분해하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 실험 의료영상을 DWT 방법으로 압축하여 효용성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 $512{\times}512{\times}2^8$ 크기의 입력영상을 4 레벨 DWT 후 저주파영역에 남아 있는 신호를 디스플레이 하는 것이 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 4 레벨 DWT에 의한 영상의 압축비는 1:16로서 높은 압축비를 가지고 있었으며, 압축결과 압축비는 좋았으나 블록화 현상에 의해 영상에 계단현상이 나타나는 문제점이 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2008

Skin sooty dapple disease, a fungal disease that lowers Asian pear fruit quality, has emerged recently in Korea but has not yet been thoroughly characterized. This disease affects the surface of fruit, leaves, and young shoots of the Asian pear, typically appearing as a dark or pale black dapple on the fruit surface. The disease initiates on the fruit with small circular lesions that become bigger, eventually spreading to form large circular or indefinite lesions. Sparse dark or flourishing white-greyish aerial mycelia and appearance of a dark or pale black dapple on the fruit surface are typical signs of this disease. The disease was severe during cold storage of the Niitaka and Chuhwangbae varieties, but more limited on the Gamcheonbae and Hwangkeumbae varieties. To identify causal pathogens, 123 fungal isolates were obtained from lesions. The fungi that caused typical skin sooty dapple disease symptoms in our bioassay were identified. Based on their morphological characteristics, 74% of the isolates were Cladosporium sp. and 5-7 % of the isolates were Leptosphaerulina sp., Tripospermum sp., or Tilletiopsis sp. None of the isolates caused severe soft rot by injection to a wound plug, but some of the Cladosporium sp. isolates caused mild maceration. Therefore this microbiol complex cannot account for the soft rot also observed in stored fruits. The high frequency of isolation of Cladosporium sp. from disease tissues and bioassay on pear fruit surface suggest that Cladosporium sp. could be a major pathogen in the microbial complex associated with skin sooty dapple disease of the Asian pear in Korea.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.260-271
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• 1992

Fruits are generally subjected to mechanical forces during harvesting, handling, and transportation that may cause damage in the form of bruises, punctures, and cracks. In order to prevent damage, and insure better quality fruits for consumers, it is very essential to study physical properties of these materials. The studies were conducted to examine the effect of storage period, storage condition, and other factors, such as loading rate and initial strain, on the stress relaxation behavior of the fruit flesh, and develop nonlinear viscoelastic models to represent its stress relaxation behavior. The following results were obtained from the study : 1. Since the viscoelastic behavior of the fruits flesh was nonlinear, the behavior was satisfactorily modelled as follows ; $${\delta}({\varepsilon},\;t)={\varepsilon}^A[B\;{\exp}(-Ct)+D\;{\exp}(-Ft)+G(-Ht)]$$ But, for the every strain applied, the stress relaxation behavior of the fruit flesh, such as apple and pear, could be well described by the Generalized Maxwell model, respectively. 2. The effect of loading rate on the stress relaxation behavior was remarkable. The higher loading rate resulted in the higher initial stress, and the faster stress relaxation. 3. The higher initial strain resulted in the higher initial stress, and stress relaxed at the large initial strain was also much higher than at the small initial strain. 4. Stress relaxation rate and quantity stored in the fruits at the low temperature storage were much higher than those at the normal temperature storage in the same storage period. Also, in all fruits tested, the longer storage period was the more relaxation rate and quantity were shown. These trends in the normal temperature condition was the more significant than in the low temperature condition.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

학점은행제는 평생학습사회를 구현하기 위한 교육 시스템이다. 이 시스템의 조건을 충족한 학습자는 전문대, 4년제 대학교의 학위와 동등한 학사 학위를 취득할 수 있다. 이 학습자의 학점과 학위 정보는 중앙 기관에 기록되어 관리되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 시스템은 중앙관리로 인해 해킹 등과 같은 보안 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 블록체인 기술을 기반으로 학점과 학위 정보를 관리할 수 있는 학점은행제 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 학점과 학위 정보는 블록에 저장되고 영구적인 방식으로 공개 원장에 기록된다. 블록들은 해킹과 조작 등의 보안 문제를 개선하기 위해 분산 네트워크 환경에서 블록체인 형식으로 연결되어진다. 또한 중앙 기관의 기능들이 네트워크 참여자들에게 분산되기 때문에 학점 은행 관리의 효율성이 증대될 수 있다. 제안된 시스템의 프로토타입은 Go-Ethereum 플랫폼에서 구현되었으며 스마트 컨트랙트를 사용하여 참여기관 간의 블록체인 정보를 실험적으로 검증하였다.