• Title/Summary/Keyword: Stop Error

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A Time-to-Digital Converter Using Dual Edge Flip Flops for Improving Resolution (분해능 향상을 위해 듀얼 에지 플립플롭을 사용하는 시간-디지털 변환기)

  • Choi, Jin-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.816-821
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    • 2019
  • A counter-type time-to-digital converter was designed using a dual edge T flip-flop. The time-to-digital converter was designed with a $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process at a supply voltage of 1.5 volts. In a typical time-to-digital converter, when the period of the clock is T, a conversion error corresponding to the period of the clock occurs due to the asynchronism between the input signal and the clock. However, the clock of the time-to-digital converter proposed in this paper is generated in synchronization with the start signal which is the input signal. As a result, conversion errors that may occur due to asynchronization of the start signal and the clock do not occur. The flip-flops constituting the counters are composed of dual-edge flip-flops operating at the positive and negative edges of the clock to improve the resolution.

The Dynamic Relationship between Household Loans of Depository Institutions and Housing Prices after the Financial Crisis (금융위기 이후 예금취급기관 가계대출과 주택가격의 동태적 관계)

  • Han, Gyu-Sik
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.189-203
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    • 2020
  • Purpose - This study aims in analyzing the dynamic relationship between household loans and housing prices according to the characteristics of depository institutions after the financial crisis, identifying the recent trends between them, and making policy suggestions for stabilizing house prices. Design/methodology/approach - The monthly data used in this study are household loans, household loan interest rates, and housing prices ranging from January 2012 to May 2020, and came from ECOS of the Bank of Korea and Liiv-on of Kookmin Bank. This study used vector auto-regression, generalized impulse response function, and forecast error variance decomposition with the data so as to yield analysis results. Findings - The analysis of this study no more shows that the household loan interest rates in both deposit banks and non-bank deposit institutions had statistically significant effects on housing prices. Also, unlike the previous studies, there was statistically significant bi-directional causality between housing prices and household loans in neither deposit banks nor non-bank deposit institutions. Rather, it was found that there is a unidirectional causality from housing prices to household loans in deposit banks, which is considered that housing prices have one-sided effects on household loans due to the overheated housing market after the financial crisis. Research implications or Originality - As a result, Korea's housing market is closely related to deposit banks, and housing prices are acting as more dominant information variables than interest rates or loans under the long-term low interest rate trend. Therefore, in order to stabilize housing prices, the housing supply must be continuously made so that everyone can enjoy housing services equally. In addition, the expansion and reinforcement of the social security net should be realized systematically so as to stop households from being troubled with the housing price decline.

Analysis of vehicle central line invasion accidents using simulation (시뮬레이션을 이용한 차량의 중앙선 침범 사고 해석)

  • Han, Chang-Pyoung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.507-513
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    • 2021
  • This study examined the final stop position and posture of both vehicles, the damaged part of the vehicle, the road surface, the specifications of the vehicle, and the angle of impact, centering on the case of a collision in which no surface trace was found. As a result of the simulation, the impact velocity of an SM5 and Lexus was 131 km/h and 74 km/h, respectively, and the impact angle of the SM5 and Lexus was 0.91° and -161.07°, respectively. The cause of the accident was that the SM5 passed through the intersection exceeding the maximum speed limit of 61 km/h and entered the Lexus' left turn lane. Lexus collided during the evacuation to avoid the collision. The collision trajectory error rate of the simulation was approximately 1.4%. Of the subjective experience of accident investigators, the collision dynamics and vehicle engineering aspects and simulations were actively utilized to provide close-to-fact cause identification.

A New Unified System of Acoustic Echo and Noise Suppression Incorporating a Novel Noise Power Estimation (새로운 잡음전력 추정 기법을 적용한 음향학적 반향 및 배경잡음 제거 통합시스템)

  • Park, Yun-Sik;Chang, Joon-Hyuk
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.28 no.7
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    • pp.680-685
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we propose a efficient noise power estimation technique for an integrated acoustic echo and noise suppression system in a frequency domain. The proposed method uses speech absence probability (SAP) derived from the microphone input signal as the smoothing parameter updating noise power to reduce the noise power estimation error resulted from the distortions in the unified structure where the noise suppression (NS) operation is placed after the acoustic echo suppression (AES) algorithm. Therefore, in the proposed approach, the smoothing parameter based on SAP derived from the input signal instead of echo-suppressed signal should stop updating noise power estimates during the distorted noise spectrum periods. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by the objective test under various environments and yields better results compared with the conventional scheme.

The Study on Design of Circuit Card Assembly on Servo Control Unit for Automated Resupply Vehicle K56 (K56 탄약운반장갑차용 서보제어기의 회로카드조립체 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Ju-Seung;Kim, Seong-Jin;Bae, Gong-Myeong;Kwon, Soon-Mo;Park, Hyean-Jo;Choi, Jun-Sok
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.102-109
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    • 2019
  • This paper describes the design of the circuit card assembly to eliminate the communication error on a servo control unit installed in the automated resupply vehicle K56. K56 is a weapon system that automates the supply and loading of ammunition on the K-55A1 self-propelled artillery. As the core item responsible for ammunition movement control, the servo control unit is required to have good communication stability and reliability, but the conventional unit has recognized a problem that communication error intermittently occurs, resulting in an emergency stop phenomenon. We analyzed the communication signal of the servo control unit and identified the failure cause of the circuit card assembly to solve this problem. In addition, the signal interference in data/address line of the circuit card assembly was confirmed through analysis of the failure cause, and redesigned to avoid the interference, such as adjustment of the distance between communication lines and position change. Finally, the proposed cause analysis and redesign were verified through the component of servo control unit and attachment test on K56. We expected these study results to be used as reference for the design of other similar items.

An accuracy analysis of Cyberknife tumor tracking radiotherapy according to unpredictable change of respiration (예측 불가능한 호흡 변화에 따른 사이버나이프 종양 추적 방사선 치료의 정확도 분석)

  • Seo, jung min;Lee, chang yeol;Huh, hyun do;Kim, wan sun
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2015
  • Purpose : Cyber-Knife tumor tracking system, based on the correlation relationship between the position of a tumor which moves in response to the real time respiratory cycle signal and respiration was obtained by the LED marker attached to the outside of the patient, the location of the tumor to predict in advance, the movement of the tumor in synchronization with the therapeutic device to track real-time tumor, is a system for treating. The purpose of this study, in the cyber knife tumor tracking radiation therapy, trying to evaluate the accuracy of tumor tracking radiation therapy system due to the change in the form of unpredictable sudden breathing due to cough and sleep. Materials and Methods : Breathing Log files that were used in the study, based on the Respiratory gating radiotherapy and Cyber-knife tracking radiosurgery breathing Log files of patients who received herein, measured using the Log files in the form of a Sinusoidal pattern and Sudden change pattern. it has been reconstituted as possible. Enter the reconstructed respiratory Log file cyber knife dynamic chest Phantom, so that it is possible to implement a motion due to respiration, add manufacturing the driving apparatus of the existing dynamic chest Phantom, Phantom the form of respiration we have developed a program that can be applied to. Movement of the phantom inside the target (Ball cube target) was driven by the displacement of three sizes of according to the size of the respiratory vertical (Superior-Inferior) direction to the 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm. Insert crosses two EBT3 films in phantom inside the target in response to changes in the target movement, the End-to-End (E2E) test provided in Cyber-Knife manufacturer depending on the form of the breathing five times each. It was determined by carrying. Accuracy of tumor tracking system is indicated by the target error by analyzing the inserted film, additional E2E test is analyzed by measuring the correlation error while being advanced. Results : If the target error is a sine curve breathing form, the size of the target of the movement is in response to the 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, respectively, of the average $1.14{\pm}0.13mm$, $1.05{\pm}0.20mm$, with $2.37{\pm}0.17mm$, suddenly for it is variations in breathing, respective average $1.87{\pm}0.19mm$, $2.15{\pm}0.21mm$, and analyzed with $2.44{\pm}0.26mm$. If the correlation error can be defined by the length of the displacement vector in the target track is a sinusoidal breathing mode, the size of the target of the movement in response to 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, respective average $0.84{\pm}0.01mm$, $0.70{\pm}0.13mm$, with $1.63{\pm}0.10mm$, if it is a variant of sudden breathing respective average $0.97{\pm}0.06mm$, $1.44{\pm}0.11mm$, and analyzed with $1.98{\pm}0.10mm$. The larger the correlation error values in both the both the respiratory form, the target error value is large. If the motion size of the target of the sine curve breathing form is greater than or equal to 20 mm, was measured at 1.5 mm or more is a recommendation value of both cyber knife manufacturer of both error value. Conclusion : There is a tendency that the correlation error value between about target error value magnitude of the target motion is large is increased, the error value becomes large in variation of rapid respiration than breathing the form of a sine curve. The more the shape of the breathing large movements regular shape of sine curves target accuracy of the tumor tracking system can be judged to be reduced. Using the algorithm of Cyber-Knife tumor tracking system, when there is a change in the sudden unpredictable respiratory due patient coughing during treatment enforcement is to stop the treatment, it is assumed to carry out the internal target validation process again, it is necessary to readjust the form of respiration. Patients under treatment is determined to be able to improve the treatment of accuracy to induce the observed form of regular breathing and put like to see the goggles monitor capable of the respiratory form of the person.

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Study on the prediction of the stopping probabilities in case of train fire in tunnel by Monte Carlo simulation method (몬테카를로 시뮬레이션에 의한 화재열차의 터널 내 정차확률 예측에 관한 연구)

  • Ryu, Ji-Oh;Kim, Jong-Yoon;Kim, Hyo-Gyu
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 2018
  • The safety of tunnels is quantified by quantitative risk assessment when planning the disaster prevention facilities of railway tunnels, and it is decided whether they are appropriate. The purpose of this study is to estimate the probability of the train stopping in the tunnels at train fire, which has a significant effect on the results of quantitative risk assessment for tunnel fires. For this purpose, a model was developed to calculate the coasting distance of the train considering the coefficient of train running resistance. The probability of stopping in case of train fire in the tunnel is predicted by the Monte Carlo simulation method with the coasting distance and the emergency braking distance as parameters of the tunnel lengths and slopes, train initial driving speeds. The kinetic equations for predicting the coasting distance were analyzed by reflecting the coefficient train running resistance of KTX II. In the case of KTX II trains, the coasting distance is reduced as the slope increases in a tunnel with an upward slope, but it is possible to continue driving without stopping in a slope downward. The probability of the train stopping in the case of train fire in tunnel decreases as the train speed increases and the slope of the tunnel decreases. If human error is not taken into account, the probability that a high-speed train traveling at a speed of 250 km/h or above will stop in a tunnel due to a fire is 0% when the slope of the tunnel is 0.5% or less, and the probability of stopping increases rapidly as the tunnel slope increases and the tunnel length increases.

Flow Analysis and Experimental Study of Globe Valve for Precision Control (정밀 제어 글로브 밸브의 유동해석 및 실험적 연구)

  • Choi, Ji-Won;Park, Sun-Hyung;Lee, Kwon-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.7
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    • pp.734-739
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    • 2016
  • The globe valve is a linear motion valve that is designed primarily to stop, start, and regulate flow. The disk of a globe valve can be removed totally from the flow path or it can completely close the flow path. In this study, numerical analysis using ANSYS-CFX was initially performed to predict the flow coefficient and build a prototype model of a globe valve. The flow coefficient is the volume of water at $15.6^{\circ}C$ that will flow per minute through a valve with a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve. In other words, it is an important factor for determining the size of the valve. From the analysis results, the fluid flux of water and flow coefficient of the valve were extracted. From the numerical results, a prototype of ultra-fine precision control valve, which can regulate the fluid flow of range 0 ~ 0.1 gal per min, was developed. The experimental results were compared with the numerical results using the flow coefficient ($C_v$) graph. From the comparative results, the flow coefficient ($C_v$) error percentage between the numerical and experimental results was very low, which is acceptable, proving that the proposed prototype model is convincing. In addition, it is possible to predict the flow coefficient using only numerical analysis.

An Estimation Model for the Replacement Parts based on the Operational Availability of Hi-Pass System (하이패스 운용가용도를 이용한 부품의 교체 추정 모델)

  • Hwang, Eui-duk;Heo, Seo Jeong;Kim, Chang Suk;Cheul, Son Dong
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.6 no.6
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    • pp.285-291
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    • 2015
  • FTMS, TCS, ITS equipment such as high-pass highway are just a situation that does not lack traceability and passive surveillance is related to fault DB has so far consisted of an integrated operations management to maximize utilization of the facility. In addition, there is no replacement parts are replaced when a failure occurs, increasing the number of parts and repair time I have trouble growing, and becoming a service interruption whenever you replace each time. In this study, proactively manage the failure history of a highway facility ITS tries to preventive maintenance. Therefore, the error history is based on the reliability of the high-pass facilities theory to calculate the reliability of the system through a systematic statistical analysis Operational Availability. The fault number and the time the replacement period through the estimate decreases and can reduce the budget expenses by securing the spare parts quantity, establish a management plan in part by improving the quality of the system through constant preventive maintenance, quality of service at all times It may direct the non-stop operation state of the available state.

Implementation of Stopping Criterion Algorithm using Variance Values of LLR in Turbo Code (터보부호에서 LLR 분산값을 이용한 반복중단 알고리즘 구현)

  • Jeong Dae-Ho;Kim Hwan-Yong
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.43 no.9 s.351
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    • pp.149-157
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    • 2006
  • Turbo code, a kind of error correction coding technique, has been used in the field of digital mobile communication system. As the number of iterations increases, it can achieves remarkable BER performance over AWGN channel environment. However, if the number of iterations is increased in the several channel environments, any further iteration results in very little improvement, and requires much delay and computation in proportion to the number of iterations. To solve this problems, it is necessary to device an efficient criterion to stop the iteration process and prevent unnecessary delay and computation. In this paper, it proposes an efficient and simple criterion for stopping the iteration process in turbo decoding. By using variance values of LLR in turbo decoder, the proposed algerian can largely reduce the average number of iterations without BER performance degradation in all SNR regions. As a result of simulation, the average number of iterations in the upper SNR region is reduced by about $34.66%{\sim}41.33%$ compared to method using variance values of extrinsic information. the average number of iterations in the lower SNR region is reduced by about $13.93%{\sim}14.45%$ compared to CE algorithm and about $13.23%{\sim}14.26%$ compared to SDR algorithm.