• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

According to the result about 'San Jiao(三焦)'recorded on "Yellow Empero's Canon Internal Medicine Ling Shu(黃帝內經 靈樞)", we achieved following results. 1. As we consider the concept of 'San Jiao' recorded on "Ling Shu", in early time, it was related to bladder(膀胱) and there was no divided concept into 'Shang Jiao(上焦)', 'Zhong Jiao(中焦)' and 'Xia Jiao(下焦)'. Later, there was appearance of body metabolism concept in anatomic way and started to emphasize that stomach(胃) is the very beginning of digestion. This point then adjusted into the concept which the core theory of digestion and water metabolism begins with 'Zhong Jiao' and processes to 'Shang Jiao' and 'Xia Jiao' then it established the 'San Jiao' theory adjusted to the functional change than property change. Later as there is set theoretical structure of 'three Yin and three Yang(三陰三陽)', it included the concept of 'San Jiao' onto meridian system theory to complete as a theory. Finally, it completed the theoretical structure that 'San Jiao' runs water metabolism of circulation, body fluid and urine for body to produce blood and Qi to protect and provide nutrition to the human body. 2. From the point of each part, 'San Jiao' means all body composition factor related to the relation to the digestion and water metabolism to produce Qi and blood. Also, the details of entire function of 'San Jiao' tells that 'Zhong Jiao' intakes food and divides the clarity and turbidity of digested substances. The origin of this digestion and water metabolism lies at Xia Jiao. The clean substance including the mood and taste climbs via Shang Jiao. The vapor like substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes 'defensive Qi(衛氣)' and controls body temperature and sweat by supporting and spreading the Qi by Shang Jiao. The liquid substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes blood. The blood has stronger character as substance than defensive Qi so Zhong Jiao becomes the base and the way for the blood. The turbid Qi separated at Zhong Jiao passes large intestine and the solid substance is excreted and the liquid is absorbed into bladder. The Xia Jiao that controls this process controls the liquid state of water matabolism so control the urine with bladder. Therefore, 'San Jiao' can be understood as a general concept that controls entire water metabolism as a way of food, Qi and blood.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.30-42
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• 2008

1. Objectives This paper was tried to find out the clinical use of Gwanjung-tang by comparing patients' chief complain and natural symptom. 2. Methods The study was researched as clinically with medical records of 88 patients who visited a certain oriental medicine clinic which is in Seoul during January, 2000 and June, 2006. 3. Results 1) The male patient who was treated with Gwanjung-tang(寬中湯) is rare. The rate of patients who visited clinic in her forties is 27.3%, in fifties is 18.2%, in thirties is 15.9%, in sixties is 12.5%, in twenties is 10.3%. 2) Chief complain which made patients to visit clinic is a chest pain(19.3%), back pain and shoulder pain (15.9%), edema (12.5%), headache (9.1%), irregular menstruation (8.0%), dyspepsia (8.0%), fatigue (8.0%), insomnia (5.6%), menopausal disorder (4.5%), lumbago (4.5%), abnormal condition of stools (2.3%), and abnormal condition of urine (2.3%). 3) Natural symptom is classified into appetite, digestion, stools, urine, sweat, and sleep. The rate of patients who complained abnormal condition of digestion is 71.6%, of sleep is 59%, of stools is 52.3%, of urine is 47.7%, if sweat is 34.1%, and of appetite is 30.7%. 4) The rate of patients who is treated with Gwanjung-tang between thirty and forty packs is 43.2%, twenty packs is 39.7%, between fifty and sixty packs is 5.7%, between seventy and eighty packs is 2.3%, and between ninety and hundred packs is 3.4%. 5) The rate of patients who is treated with Gwanjung-tang during 15 days is 45.5%, between 16 and 30 days is 26.2%, between 31 and 60 days 7.9%, between 61 and 90 days 3.4%, between 91 and 120 days is 4.5%, and more than 120 days is 12.5%. 6) There are not many cases that chief complain was abnormal condition of digestion (8.0%), sleep (5.6%) stools (2.3%), and urine (2.3%). But the rate of patients who complained discomfort of digestion(71.6%), sleep(59%) stools (52.3%), and urine (47.7%) is significantly high. 7) According to "Sasang Sin Pyeon", Gwanjung-tang was used in To-sa-gwak-ran (吐瀉藿亂), Hae-su (咳嗽), Jeok-chui (積聚), Pyo-han -bu-jong (表寒浮腫), Chang-man (脹滿), Chil-gi (七氣), Dam-um (痰飮), Dam-goe (痰塊), Seom-jwa-yo-tong (閃挫腰痛), Bi-tong (臂痛) of Soeumin, and it is corresponds with clinical cases for various components. 4. Conclusions Gwanjung-tang is a medicine of reconciliation, and it makes Stomach to be warm and take down Yin Qi. The most important effect of Gwanjung-tang is Sun-qi(順氣). So it is considerable that Gyejibanhasenggang-tang (少陰人 桂枝半夏生薑湯), Hyangsayangwi-tang (少陰人 香砂養胃湯), and Gwakhyangjunggi-san (少陰人 藿香正氣散) is also effective to symptoms above, because these are medicines of reconciliatio.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2001

We analyzed 57 types of herbal medicines for Soeumin, clinically applied in Dongyisoosebowon. In order co discover the standard of herbal classification for the Sasang Constitutions, four concepts of Sasang Medicine were applied. These included 'Sadangron (theory of four groups)', 'Seungganggaehap(ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)', 'Pyorihanyoul(exterior-interior and hot-cold)', and 'Hyungchiaekmi(fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)'. According to these analyzing methods of herbal properties, we have reached the following conclusions: 1. Lee Je-ma first established the physiology of the internal organs of the Sasang Constitutions through the understanding of constitutional pathology. Dr. Lee then classified herbal medicines into four constitutional groups by observing the herbal effects according to such perspective of organ physiology and pathology. 2. Among the Sasang concepts applied in the analysis of herbal properties based on the physiology and pathology of Sasang constitutions, 'Seungganggaehap (ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)' was found to be the most useful. Meanwhile, 'Sadangron, (the theory of four groups - Spirit, Qi, Blood and Essence),' along with 'Pyorihanyoul (exterior-interior and hot-cold)' and 'Hyungchiaekmi (fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)' were partially useful. 3. Herbal medicines for Soeumin are characterized by ascending energetics that protect the Yang Qi. The 'Exterior heat disease' is treated with herbal medicines that raise the "Exterior Yang" in three different way: by tonifying Qi. by tonifying Blood and by releasing exterior. The 'Interior cold disease' is treated with herbal medicines that descend "Interior Yin" in two ways. One by warming the stomach, and the other by regulating Qi. 4. Cases where a whole category of herbs with the same effect have been applied co one constitution, are most frequent among Shaoyin herbs. There was an intimate connection between the treatment methods and the traditional effects of herbs for 'Soewnin'. These discoveries allowed us to see that the development of the pharmacology of the Sasang Constitutional pathology more progressed in 'Soeumin'. *analysing simple herbs of "DongEuiBoGam JangBu" we compare JangBu of traditional oriental medicine with JangBu of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. So we can comprehend the JangBu's difference of traditional-oriental with sasang-constitional medicine.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-95
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• 2010

Background and Purpose : By preventing diseases caused by exogenous evil, disorder of internal organs, and seven modes of emotions and adapting to mother nature when the mind is unsettled, and keeping the body and mind relaxed diseases can be avoided, but there can be unpredicted situations caused accidentally by stroke. Currently the general prescription is regulating the flow of vital energy including drugs eliminating blood stasis. Even though the stroke is resulted from diseases caused by exogenous evil, by observing the patient's physical appearance, essence of life, vital energy, and mental faculties which are believed to be the functions of the heart to clear the upper body and invigorate the functions of the spleen and stomach and purge with drugs of warm nature is a closer approach than simply prescribing vital energy regulating drugs with eliminating blood stasis to the main purpose of treatment. Methods : 1) The subject of the study are 2 cases of patients who have visited the private hospital of the person who is announcing the results of the study. These patients have been given a diagnosis of edema or cystoma caused by bursitis in the knee joint through perception or medical examination and were waiting for operational application. 2) Sources related to stroke from Dong Eui Bo Gwam(東醫寶鑑) were used as the general standard of Korean Traditional Medicine, and to promote the understanding the original text and the translation has been given. 3) By observing the whole body such as the patient's usual physical appearance, essence of life, vital energy, and mental faculties which are believed to be the functions of the heart, or partly using the "Yin is even and well while Yang is firm" theory of "Plain Questions" as the background to present the results of the clinical study. Results and Conclusion : Generally the prescriptions from the first volume of Dong Eui Bo Gwam(東醫寶鑑) are mostly drugs eliminating stagnated blood including extravasated blood and the blood moving sluggishly in circulation or congested in a viscus, alleviating pain, invigorating blood circulation. Also prescriptions for bone fracture or fracture of bones and sinews are mostly to eradicate blood stasis with drastic drugs or coaptation drugs added to drugs eliminating stagnated blood including extravasated blood and the blood moving sluggishly in circulation or congested in a viscus, alleviating pain, invigorating vital energy, possessing warm properties for the Xue system.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.793-798
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• 2006

Vertigo is one of the subjective symptoms which appears commonly in so many diseases that it is often neglected. But it needs active medical care because it can be a forewarning of serious illness like cerebral apoplexy. This thesis makes a study of vertigo in view of Hyungsang medicine. The followings are the conclusion drawn in diagnosis and treatment of Vertigo: Excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower part(上實下虛) is a main cause of male vertigo. Deficiency in the upper and excess in the lower part(下虛上實) is a general cause of female vertigo. Vertigo is also caused by the insufficiency of the kidney water(腎水) or reservoir of marrow(髓海). persons of Jung pe(精科) with large check bones , those of Fish type(魚類) with Dig mouth and thick lips ; and those with large heads are mainly attacked by this cause. A fleshy person's vertigo comes from the deficiency of Ki and damp phlegm(氣虛濕症) so it is cured by reinforcing Ki, removing dampness and dispelling phlegm. A slim person's vertigo comes from the deficiency of blood and dryness heat(血虛有火) so it is treated by tonifying the blood, cleaning heat away the heat. In case of womanly shaped male and manly shaped female, the vertigo is due to the phlegm fire. Wind-heat(風熱) can cause vertigo generally 施 the persons of following types : wind type(風人), running animal type(走類),bird type(烏類), and Yangmyung meridian type (陽明形). Vertigo also comes from consumption. The deficiency of Ki can be a cause of vertigo in case of male; persons with pale complexion; and those with pronounced noses. The deficiency of blood can be a reason of vertigo in the persons of Hyul type(血科) and those with pale eyelids and lips. The hypofunction of the splean and stomach brings on the deficiency of Ki and blood, which can give rise to the vertigo for those with large nose and mouth. The old people's vertigo comes from the hypofunction of Ki, blood, Yin and Yang.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2012

In this paper, to find out how different the treatment of special individuals named 'old people' is with that of ordinary cases, Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) was chosen as the study material and some parts in it where the symptoms of old people in the same disease category were treated in different ways were excerpted to analyze the tendency of pathological symptoms and prescriptions in the physiological perspective. As the result of analysis on the parts in Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) where the old people were treated in different ways, it turned out that 65 prescriptions were used in 24 pathological symptoms. The 24 symptoms are included mainly in chapters of 'inner view(內景)' and 'outer form(外形)'. They are including the pathological symptoms which had been presented as general geriatric symptoms and also seems to have added other symptoms which should be clinically reflected in the specialty of treatment for geriatric diseases. The 65 prescriptions are also recorded mainly in chapters of 'inner view(內景)' and 'outer form(外形)'. The herbs used for them were sweet and warm herbs such as Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertner) Libosch(熟地黃), Angelica gigas Nakai(當歸), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey(人蔘) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz(白朮) that can support the essence blood of liver and kidney and the energy of spleen, lung and stomach. Those herbs could be added or subtracted according to the symptom. It seems to have resulted from the treatment method that old people was applied to old people in consideration of their physiological features. When the 24 symptoms and 65 prescriptions for geriatric diseases different from ordinary ones in Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) were considered in the physiological view point, it could be seen that each pathological symptom was manifested as a exhaustion of kidney qi(腎氣枯渴) which was a characteristic physiologic state of old people. Through this, it could be seen that the use of prescriptions was also made to mitigate the body fluid deficiency(津液不足), the kidney yin inner heat(腎陰內熱), the heart spirit void and loss(心神虛損), the kidney yang deficiency(腎陽不足), the spleen failing in transportation(脾失健運), the spleen yang deficiency(脾陽不足), the liver fire inner movement(肝火內動) and the lung energy void and loss(肺氣虛寒).

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study examined the distribution of constitution(Con) types by examining the Chinese constitution table questionnaire with 594 Seoul citizens. It investigated the preferences of five colors by the Con. It then was to explore the validity of the test and the five colors according to the Con. Methods: We used the CC table questionnaire and surveyed by using a cardinal color. Results: The Con type distributions include yangweak(31.4%), yin-weak, gall-humidity, harmony, qi-weak, qi-gloom, specific, and extravasate in order. The lack of statistical significance also indicates that the CC test is not appropriate for Seoul citizens. The order of five preferences is 31% in blue, 25.3% in yellow, 18% in white, 17.7% in red, and 8% in black. Blue was the most preferred and black the least. There were differences in the distribution of five colors, but they were not statistically significant. In five viscera diseases of the yang-weak con, the stomach was more than half(50.3%). The highest preferred color was blue (30.9%). This difference was significant(p <.01). It evaluated that this influences the preference of five colors by five diseases. Conclusions: The constitution of Seoulian in the CC survey distributed into nine categories. There was a difference in preference of five colors by the con. However, it was not significant. This indicates that the Chinese con table is not suitable for Seoulian. However, the results are to be primary data for research in this field.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2023

The stems of Dendrobium moniliforme are used in traditional Oriental medicine as a Yin tonic to nourish the stomach, promote the production of body fluid, and reduce fever. This study investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of D. moniliforme stems (DME) on mast cell degranulation and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and histamine-synthesizing enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC). We used rat mast cell line RBL-2H3 cells and stimulated them with PMA plus calcium ionophore (PMACI). Pretreatment with DME significantly inhibited PMACI-induced β-hexosaminidase release and the expression of TNF-α, IL-4, and HDC. Furthermore, DME suppressed PMACI-induced nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In addition, HDC expression was inhibited by SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), and SB203580 (p38 kinase inhibitor). Finally, the phosphorylation of p38 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was inhibited by pretreatment with DME. These results suggest that DME has inhibitory effects against degranulation, cytokine (TNF-α and IL-4) and HDC expression, and that HDC expression is mediated by MAPK signaling. These findings suggest that DME may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of hypersensitive and inflammatory diseases.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2006

Objectives and methods : The Euibujipsung is the one of the huge-scale encyclopedias about Oriental Medicine. To investigate the most frequently used acupoints for hemiparesis after stroke, we used Euibujipsung CR-ROM database with several key words concerned with motor weakness (半身不遂 不遂不隨 癱瘓 中臟 中腑 風痱, etc.). Results : In the result, we found five popular acupoints (GV20, LI11, LI15, ST36 and GB39), and four meridians (Stomach, Gall bladder, Large intestine and Small intestine). We also found that the Yang meridians were cited more frequently than the Yin. Conclusion : Therefore we think that these findings can give further ideas to clinical practice and research fields for stroke rehabilitation in Oriental medicine.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 1995

The aim of this study is to compare the diseases which are in the Sun Woo-Yees charts with the diseases which are in the medical books excavated in MA WANG TEI(馬王堆), "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" and "SO MUN(素問)", and to investigate their interactions. The results obtained are as follows : 1. JOE(疽) which is made in stomach and bowels is not found at the medical books excavated in MA WANG TUI(馬王堆), "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" and "SO MUN(素問)". JOE(疽) which is made on the breast is similar to JOE(疽) which is made on the chest of "YOUNG COO(靈樞)". 2. It is said in Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts that mental depression blocks up the circulation of Kl(氣), and it is the same viewpoint of "YOUNG COO(靈樞)"and "SO MUN(素問)". 3. The POONG GYUL(風厥) and the YOUL GYUL(熱厥) that are found in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is similar to those of "SO MUN(素問)", but different from those of "YOUNG COO(靈樞)". 4. It is regarded that YONG SAN(涌疝) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is similar to the COONG SAN(퇴산) in "SO MUN(素問)", KI SAN(氣疝) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is related to the TUI SAN(癡疝) of the medical books excavated in MA WANG TUI(馬王堆), "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" and "SO MUN(素問)", MO SAN(牡疝) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is considered PE SAN(肺疝) and PE POONG SAN(肺風疝) in "SO MUN(素問)", but more and deeper study is required. In the change of the terms ; from TUI SAN(癡疝) to TUI SAN(퇴산), from PYUN SAN(偏疝) to HO SAN(狐疝), it can be guessed that the terms changed, as new doctrines were introduced and reorganiged with the development of the medical theory. 5. POONG BI in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is not found in "YOUNG COO(靈樞)", but it is similar to DAN FEVER(단열) in "SO MUN(素問)". It is regareded that PE SO DAN(폐소단) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is the same as that of "YOUNG COO(靈樞)". 6. DONG PUNG in Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is not found in "YOUNG COO(靈樞)"and "SO MUN(素問)", but it seems like DONG SOEL(洞泄) in "YOUNG COO(靈樞)". It is regareded that the DONC PUNG(동풍) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts was at first changed into DONG SOEL(洞泄), and later differentiated into DOHG SOEL(洞泄) and SON SOEL. 7. In the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts, the treatment of the decayed tooth had the classification of the right and left, seeing cauterization with moxa on SU YANG MYOUNG MAEK(手陽明脈), it is considered that the tooth was decayed in the lower right. region. A tooth was related to QI MAEK(齒脈) and BI YANG MYUNG MAEK(臂陽明脈) in the early stage, but gradually was related to not only SU YANG MYUNG MAEK(手陽明脈) but also JOK YANG MYUNG MAEK(足陽明脈), JOK SO YIN MAEK(足少陰脈), JOK TAE YIN MAEK(足太陰脈), and in regards to the tooth and KYUNG MAEK(經脈), "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" emphasised the course of the KYUNG MAEK(經脈), "SO MUN(素問)" emphasised the attachment of the five elements. 8. In regards to BI(痺), the importance of the five elements theory given in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is similar to that of "SO MUN(素問)", and "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" and the medical books excavated in MA WANG TUI(馬王堆) give the same importance to the Kyung MAEK(經脈) theory. 9. The explanation of the irregular menstruation in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts was fundamentally similar to that of "SO MUN(素問)", but it shows the another theory that can not found in "SO MUN(素問)".