• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.3-18
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• 2013

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract and is most frequently developed in the stomach in the form of submucosal tumor. The incidence of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor is estimated to be as high as 25% of the population when all small and asymptomatic tumors are included. Because gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor is not completely distinguished from other submucosal tumors, a surgical excisional biopsy is recommended for tumors >2 cm. The surgical principles of gastrointestinal stromal tumor are composed of an R0 resection with a normal mucosa margin, no systemic lymph node dissection, and avoidance of perforation, which results in peritoneal seeding even in cases with otherwise low risk profiles. Laparoscopic surgery has been indicated for gastrointestinal stromal tumors <5 cm, and the indication for laparoscopic surgery is expanded to larger tumors if the above mentioned surgical principles can be maintained. A simple exogastric resection and various transgastric resection techniques are used for gastrointestinal stromal tumors in favorable locations (the fundus, body, greater curvature side). For a lesion at the gastroesophageal junction in the posterior wall of the stomach, enucleation techniques have been tried preserve the organ's function. Those methods have a theoretical risk of seeding a ruptured tumor, but this risk has not been evaluated by well-designed clinical trials. While some clinical trials are still on-going, neoadjuvant imatinib is suggested when marginally unresectable or multiorgan resection is anticipated to reduce the extent of surgery and the chance of incomplete resection, rupture or bleeding.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1069-1073
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• 2000

Although the most commonly encountered orbital tumor is metastatic tumor, adenocarcinoma of stomach metastasized to the optic nerve is rarely reported. The authors discuss a rare case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of left optic nerve with a review of literature. A 44-year-old man presented with decreased visual acuity of left eye for 3 months. Neurologic examination revealed left optic neuropathy. On MR imaging, a homogenously wellenhanced mass surrounding left optic nerve around optic canal was noticed. The X-rays and the whole body bone scan sho-wed multiple bony metastasis. Subtotal removal was performed via combined subfrontal and pterional approach and metastatic adenocarcinoma from the stomach was confirmed histologically. Postoperative course was uneventful, but there was no improvement of visual acuity.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2016

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common primary mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and usually appear as a well-circumscribed mass. However, it may be difficult to confirm the extent of the disease for some GISTs. A 70-year-old asymptomatic female presented for a regular physical exam. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a 2.0 cm protruding mass on the gastric fundus. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed an ill-defined heterogenous hypoechoic lesion ($3.0{\times}1.5cm$). A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a 4.5 cm multifocal calcified mass at the gastric body as well as at the gastric fundus. Laparoscopic gastric wedge resection was performed according to the extent of multifocal calcifications that are shown on the CT. Intraoperative specimen mammography and intraoperative biopsy might be helpful to obtain a tumor-free margin. Final pathologic diagnosis was an intermediate risk GIST in multilobular form. In patients with diffuse multifocal calcifications in the stomach, the possibility of GIST should be considered.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.273-280
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• 1999

저자들은 소세포 폐암으로 확진된 환자에서 오심 구토 혈변등 위장관 증상을 호소하여 상부 위 내시경 검사 및 조직 생검을 시행하여 위장으로의 전이를 확인한 2 예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1469-1472
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• 2016

Cancer pathology reports play an important role in choice of patient care. They provide crucial information concerning diagnosis, therapy options, and prognosis. Professional pathology institutions, such as the College of American Pathologists (CAP), have developed checklists to ensure the presence of all the required elements in reports. In this study, 438 surgical pathology reports of patients with breast (148), colon (147), and stomach cancer (143) were evaluated with respect to the presence of mandated elements according to CAP checklists. The most common missing element in all the three types of cancer was 'staging' (73.6, 53.1, and 56.6% in breast, colon, and stomach cancer reports missed 'staging', respectively). The second most missing element was 'tumor site' in breast (64.2%) and stomach cancer (30.1%), and 'procedure' in colon cancer (29.3%). 'Perineural invasion' was the third most missing element in the three types of cancer (25.7, 17.0, and 22.4% in breast, colon, and stomach cancer, respectively). Only 11.4% of reports included all key elements required by CAP. The use of checklists was associated with higher rate of completeness. This study demonstrates that the key elements requiring the information on the requisition forms from the clinicians are commonly missed, leading to ambiguity.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2004

Objectives : To evaluate the anti-tumor and synergic effect of Soonkiwhajungtang with doxorubicin. Methods : The inhibitory concentration (IC), $IC_{50}$ and $IC_{90}$ of single use of doxorubicin and Soonkiwhajungtang with their concomitant treatment against MKN-45 (human stomach carcinoma) cell line were observed using MTT (microculture tetrazolium test) assay. In addition, their anti-tumor effects were also observed in xenograft nude mice models against the MKN-45 cell line. Results : Soonkiwhajungtang has only minimal direct anti-tumor effect against MKN-45 cell line but it reduced general depressed signs induced by implantation of the tumor cell lines and increased the total WBC and lymphocyte numbers. Conclusions : It is considered or expected that Soonkiwhajungtang extract reduces the critical toxicity of doxorubicin and has favorable synergic anti-tumor effect when administered concomitantly with doxorubicin.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2016

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal system and comprise only 1% to 3% of all gastrointestinal tract tumors, with the majority of them arising in the stomach. In this report, we present the unique findings of a case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by an underlying gastric GIST and complicated with severe acute pancreatitis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2021

Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) refers to the endoscopic dissection of the mucosal or submucosal layers with laparoscopic seromuscular resection. We recommend a treatment algorithm for the LECS procedure for gastric benign tumors according to the protruding type. In the exophytic type, endoscopic-assisted wedge resection can be performed. In the endophytic type, endoscopic-assisted wedge resection of the anterior wall is relatively easy to perform, and endoscopic-assisted transgastric resection, laparoscopic-assisted intragastric surgery, or single-incision intragastric resection in the posterior wall and esophagogastric junction (EG Jx) can be attempted. We propose an algorithm for the LECS procedure for early gastric cancer according to the tumor location. The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) procedure can be adapted for all areas of the stomach, and single-incision ESD can be performed in the mid to high body and the EG Jx. In full-thickness gastric resection, laparoscopy-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection can be adapted for the entire area of the stomach, but it cannot be applied to the pyloric and EG Jx. In conclusion, surgeons need to select the LECS procedure according to tumor type, tumor location, the surgeon's individual experience, and the situation of the institution while also considering the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2014

Homeostatic imbalance between cell proliferation and death in gastric mucosal epithelia may lead to gastritis and gastric cancer. Despite abundant gastrokine 1 (GKN1) expression in the normal stomach, the loss of GKN1 expression is frequently detected in gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori, as well as in intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer tissues, suggesting that GKN1 plays an important role in gastric mucosal defense, and the gene functions as a gastric tumor suppressor. In the stomach, GKN1 is involved in gastric mucosal inflammation by regulating cytokine production, the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. GKN1 also inhibits the carcinogenic potential of H. pylori protein CagA by binding to it, and up-regulates antioxidant enzymes. In addition, GKN1 reduces cell viability, proliferation, and colony formation by inhibiting cell cycle progression and epigenetic modification by down-regulating the expression levels of DNMT1 and EZH2, and DNMT1 activity, and inducing apoptosis through the death receptor-dependent pathway. Furthermore, GKN1 also inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis via coordinated regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition-related protein expression, reactive oxygen species production, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation. Although the modes of action of GKN1 have not been clearly described, recent limited evidence suggests that GKN1 acts as a gastricspecific tumor suppressor. This review aims to discuss, comment, and summarize the recent progress in the understanding of the role of GKN1 in gastric cancer development and progression.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2007

Objectives : We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of realgar on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods : We used 5 kinds of cancer cell lines: lung cancer cells(A549). stomach cancer cells(KATO) and neuroglioma cells(SUN-1118. U-87MG, U-373MG). We injected the boiled extracts of realgar $50{\mu}g$. $100{\mu}g$ to cultural media( ml )for 24 hours. We measured the killing effects on 5 kinds of cancer cells through inverted and fluorescence microscope, the suppressive effects on viability of those cells via XTT assay and the effects on the revelation of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins related to apoptosis by western blotting. Results : In the changes of morphology, the extracts of realgar showed more significant killing effects on all cancer cells. especially KATO, SNU-1118, U-87MG, U-373MG, than the control group with dose dependence, which was statistically significant. In XTT assay, the extracts of realgar showed more suppressive effects on viability of all cancer cells, especially KATO and U-373MG, than the control group with dose dependence, which was statistically significant. In the revelation of proteins related to apoptosis, the extracts of realgar increased the level of Bax and decreased that of Bcl-2 in all cancer cells with dose dependence. Conclusions : We identified that realgar had more anti-tumor effects on stomach cancer and neuroglioma than on lung cancer in the experiments above. However, these basic experiments were performed in vitro. We hope the anti-tumor effects of realgar will be practically identified through more progressive research.