• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제25권11호
• /
• pp.1467-1475
• /
• 2001

In the present paper, approximate coordinate transformations for simulation of turbulent flows with active wall motions, leading to a significant reduction in the computational cost while maintaining the numerical accuracy, are presented: the Navier-Stokes equations are coordinate-transformed with an approximation of Taylor-series truncation and neglect of some less-significant terms. The performance of the proposed transformations is evaluated in simulation of the channel flow at Re$\sub$$\tau$/=140 with wall deformations of │η$\sub$m/$\^$+/ 5. The approximate transformations provide flow structures as wall as turbulence statistics in good agreement with those from a complete coordinate transformation [Phys. Fluids 12, 3301 (2000)] and allow 25-30% savings in the CPU time as compared to the complete one.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2018

에너지 위기 시대를 맞이하여 수소에너지가 가장 가능성 있는 대체에너지 중의 하나로 고려되고 있다. 액체수소는 기체수소와 비교하여 단위 부피당 에너지 밀도가 월등히 높으며 수소에너지의 탁월한 저장 방법으로 간주되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2 상 모델에 기초를 둔 Navier-Stokes 식을 전산유체역학 프로그램을 이용하여 풀었으며, 초저온 냉각 튜브를 통과하면서 기체수소가 액화되는 과정을 분석하였다. 열전도율이 높은 구리관을 초저온 냉각을 위한 관의 재질로 가정하였다. 기체수소의 유입속도를 5 cm/s, 10 cm/s, 20 cm/s로 변화시키면서 냉각튜브 내 유체 온도분포, 축방향 및 반경방향 유체 속도, 기체 및 액체 수소 부피분율 분포를 각각 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 액체수소 제조를 위한 기체수소 초저온 냉각기의 설계 및 제작을 위한 기초자료로 활용이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제29권5B호
• /
• pp.473-482
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 대부분이 수조실험에 의한 추정되어 온 해중의 방파제나 호안 등의 연직벽체에 작용하는 undular 및 turbulent bore에 의한 단파파력을 수치적으로 추정하기 위하여 Navier-Stokes운동방정식에 수면형상의 추적에 VOF법(Hirt and Nichols, 1981)을 채용하고 있는 CADMAS-SURF(CDIT, 2001)를 적용한다. 적용에서는 소스코드를 본 연구의 목적에 부합하도록 일부 수정하였다. 얻어진 원수치데이터에는 급격한 파력의 증감을 나타내는 스파이크현상이 강하게 표현되었으며, 이에 수치필터를 적용하여 5Hz 이상의 고주파수성분을 필터링하였다. 수치해석결과의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위하여 Matsutomi(1991) 및 Ramsden(1996)의 수조실험결과와 비교 검토하였으며, 이로부터 매우 좋은 일치성과 유용성을 확인할수 있었고, 단파성지진해일의 작용하에 있는 구조물의 설계에 도입될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그리고, 본 2차원수조내에서 단파의 변형을 수위의 시 공간변화로부터 추정함과 동시에 전파속도의 변화특성을 나타내었다. 단파의 전파속도는 전파과정에서 변화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.613-620
• /
• 1997

Steady and unsteady flows between rotating cylinders are of interest on lubrication, convective heat transfer and flow-induced vibration in large rotating machinery. Steady rotating flow is generated by rotating cylinder with constant velocity while the unsteady rotating flow by oscillating cylinder with homogeneoysly oscillating velocity. An analytical method is developed based on the simple radial coordinate transformation for the steady and unsteady rotating flows in concentric annulus. The governing equations are simplified from Navier-Stokes equatins. Considering the skin friction based on the radial variation of circumferential flow velocity, the torques acting on the fixed and the rotating cylinder are evaluated in terms of added-inertia and added-damping torque coefficients. The coefficients are found to be influenced by the oscillatory Reynolds number and the radius ratio of two cylinders; however, the effect of the oscillatory Reynolds number on the coefficients is minor in case of relatively low radius ratio.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.703-709
• /
• 2002

In the present paper, approximate coordinate transformations for simulation of turbulent flows with wall deformation, significantly reducing computational cost with little degradation in numerical accuracy, are presented. The Wavier-Stokes equations are coordinate-transformed with an approximation of Tailor-series truncation. The performance is evaluated by performing numerical simulations of a channel flow at Re$\sub$$\tau$/ = 140 with active wall motions of η$\sub$m/$\^$+/ $\leq$5. The approximate transformations provide flow structures as well as turbulence statistics in good agreement with those from a complete transformation [Phys. Fluids 12, 3301 (2000) ] and allow 25-30% savings in the CPU time as compared to the complete one.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 1994

An analytical method for linear free vibration of fully liquid-filled circular cylindrical shell with various boundary conditions is developed by the Fourier series expansion based on the Stokes' transformation. A set of modal displacement functions and their derivatives of a circular cylindrical shell is substituted into the Sanders' shell equations in order to explicitily represent the Fourier coefficients as functions of the end point displacements, forces, and moments. For the vibration relevant to the liquid motion, the velocity potential of liquid is assumed as a sum of linear combination of suitable harmonic functions in the axial directions. The unknown parameter of the velocity potential is selected to satisfy the boundary condition along the wetted shell surface. An explicit expression of the natural frequency equation can be obtained for any kind of classical boundary conditions. The natural frequencies of the liquid-filled cylindrical shells with the clamped-free, the clamped-clamped, and the simply supported-simply supported boundary conditions examined in the previous works, are obtained by the analytical method. The results are compared with the previous works, and excellent agreement is found for the natural frequencies of the shells.

• 한국항만학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 1994

The present paper discusses the nonlinear wave deformation due to a submerged coastal structure. Theory is based on the frequency-domain method using the third order perturbation and boundary integral method. Theoretical development to the second order perturbation and boundary integral method. Theoretical development to the second order Stokes wave for a bottom-seated submerged breakwater to the sea floor is newly expanded to the third order for a submerged coastal structure shown in Figure 1. Validity is demonstrated by comparing numerical results with the experimental ones of a rectangular air chamber structure, which has the same dimensions as that of this study. Nonlinear waves become larger and larger with wave propagation above the crown of the structure, and are transmitted to the onshore side of the structure. These characteristics are shown greatly as the increment of Ursell number on the structure. The total water profile depends largely on the phase lag among the first, second and third order component waves.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.175-186
• /
• 2024

Dynamical behaviors of one-dimensional (1D) nano-sized structures are of great importance in nanotechnology applications. Therefore, the torsional dynamic response of functionally graded nanorods which could be used to model the nano electromechanical systems or micro electromechanical systems with torsional motion about the center of twist is examined based on the theory of strain gradient nonlocal elasticity in this work. The mathematical background is constructed based on both strain gradient theory and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. The equation of motions and boundary conditions of radially functionally graded nanorods are derived using Hamilton's principle and then transformed into the eigenvalue analysis by using Fourier sine series. A general coefficient matrix is obtained to assemble the Stokes' transformation. The case of a restrained functionally graded nanorod embedded in two elastic springs against torsional rotation is then deeply investigated. The effect of changing the functionally graded index, the stiffness of elastic boundary conditions, the length scale parameter and nonlocal parameter are investigated in detail.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
• /
• pp.404-409
• /
• 2001

An account of second-order fractional-step methods and boundary conditions for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The present work has aimed at (i) identification and analysis of all possible splitting methods of second-order splitting accuracy; and (ii) determination of consistent boundary conditions that yield second-order accurate solutions. It has been found that only three types (D, P and M) of splitting methods called the canonical methods are non-degenerate so that all other second-order splitting schemes are either degenerate or equivalent to them. Investigation of the properties of the canonical methods indicates that a method of type D is recommended for computations in which the zero divergence is preferred, while a method of type P is better suited to the cases when highly-accurate pressure is more desirable. The consistent boundary conditions on the tentative velocity and pressure have been determined by a procedure that consists of approximation of the split equations and the boundary limit of the result. The pressure boundary condition is independent of the type of fractional-step methods. The consistent boundary conditions on the tentative velocity were determined in terms of the natural boundary condition and derivatives of quantities available at the current timestep (to be evaluated by extrapolation). Second-order fractional-step methods that admit the zero pressure-gradient boundary condition have been derived. The boundary condition on the new tentative velocity becomes greatly simplified due to improved accuracy built in the transformation.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.248-257
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 규칙파동장에 있어서 인장계류된 원형부유체의 파랑응답해석에 2차원 Navier-Stokes solver에 기초한 새로운 수치파동수조모델을 제안하였다. 본 수치파동수조모델에서는 이동구조물과 유체와의 상호작용을 해석하기 위하여 직각좌표계에서 임의형상의 불투과경계를 갖는 구조물과 유체와의 연성해석이 가능한 IBM(Immersed Boundary Method)과 자유수면 추적을 위한 VOF(Volume of Fluid)법을 결합하였다. 부유체운동에 대한 수치결과를 기존의 FAVOR(Fractional Area Volume Obstacle Representation)법에 의한 계산결과 및 수리실험과 비교하였다. 게다가, 수치모델의 보다 자세한 검증을 위하여 원형부유체의 동요 및 자유수면변동에 관한 수리모형을 추가로 실시하였고, 제안된 수치모델의 범용성과 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 직사각형부유체에 대한 수치 및 수리실험도 병행하였다. 이로부터 추정된 수치계산결과는 실험결과를 잘 재현하고 있는 것으로 판단되었다.