• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to propose the modeling of multiagent based SCM and implement the prototype in the Internet environment. SCM process follows the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model which has been suggested by Supply Chain Counsil. SCOR model has been positioned to become the industry standard for describing and improving operational process in SCM. Five basic processes, plan, source, matte, deliver and return are defined in the SCOR model, through which a company establishes its supply chain competitive objectives. A supply chain is a world wide network of suppliers, factories, warehouses, distribution centers and retailers through which raw materials are acquired, transformed or manufactured and delivered to customers by autonomous or semiautonomous process. With the pressure from the higher standard of customer compliance, a frequent model change, product complexity and globalization, the combination of supply chain process with an advanced infrastructure in terms of multiagent systems have been highly required. Since SCM is fundamentally concerned with coherence among multiple decision makers, a multiagent framework based on explicit communication between constituent agents such as suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors is a natural choice. Multiagent framework is defined to perform different activities within a supply chain. Dynamic and changing functions of supply chain can be dealt with multi-agent by cooperating with other agents. In the areas of inventory management, remote diagnostics, communications with field workers, order fulfillment including tracking and monitoring, stock visibility, real-time shop floor data collection, asset tracking and warehousing, customer-centric supply chain can be applied and implemented utilizing multiagent. In this paper, for the order processing event between the buyer and seller relationship, multiagent were defined corresponding to the SCOR process. A prototype system was developed and implemented on the actual TCP/IP environment for the purchase order processing event. The implementation result assures that multiagent based SCM enhances the speed, visibility, proactiveness and responsiveness of activities in the supply chain.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of the capital structure of firms operating in a developing economy, Pakistan. The quantile regression method is applied on a sample of 183 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2008-2017. Specifically, the empirical analysis focuses on changes in the coefficients of the determinants according to the leverage ratio quantiles of the examined listed firms. The findings show that the capital structure of Pakistan listed firms differs between firms in different quantiles of leverage. These differences are significant with the sign of explanatory variables changes with the level of leverage. The research result found tangibility, profitability and age to be positively related to leverage among listed firms in Pakistan. However, size, liquidity and non-debt tax shield (NDTS) are negatively related to leverage. A firm's growth and risk are found to be insignificant predictors of capital structure in Pakistan listed firms. Moreover, the study also found a significant impact of industry characteristic on leverage. The findings of this study indicate that an individual firm's finance policy needs to be responsive to the firm's characteristics and should match with the different borrowing requirements of listed firms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.406-415
• /
• 2010

The forming of fishing ground and the population ecological characteristics of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, in the coastal waters off Gim-nyeong of Jeju Island were investigated. The stock of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, between Jeju Island and coastal areas of the East Sea is probably the same. Water temperature probably is a major factor for controlling distribution of yellowtails in deeper, offshore areas off Jeju Island. However, the major factor that determines aggregation of yellowtails in coastal areas of Jeju Island, especially off Gim-nyeong is probably strong tidal currents driven by distribution of yellowtails rather than hydrological conditions such as Yellowtails collected off Jeju Island were from 1 to 4yrs old and about 50% of them were $1^{-yr}$ old, probably indicating overfishing. Jack mackerel was the major prey item for yellowtails off Gim-nyeong from October to March, suggesting concurrence of the two species.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.323-334
• /
• 2015

he current VaR model based on the J.P. Morgan's RiskMetrics structurally can not reflect the future economic situation. In this study, we propose a One-factor model resulting from the Wiener stochastic process decomposed into a systematic risk factor and an idiosyncratic risk factor. Therefore, we are able to perform a preemptive risk management by means of reflecting the predicted common risk factors in the model. Stocks in the portfolio are satisfied with the independence to each other because the common factors are fixed by the predicted value. Therefore, we can easily determine the investment in each stock to minimize the variance of the portfolio. In addition, the portfolio VaR is decomposed into the sum of the individual VaR. So we can effectively implement the constitution of the portfolio to meet the target maximum losses.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.129-141
• /
• 2017

This study analyzed and compared the accounting earnings quality after the adoption of K-IFRS, targeting the stock exchange-listed firms (KOSPI, KOSDAQ). The analysis first revealed that KOSPI had higher quality accruals, and better persistence and predictability of the reported earnings and cash flows, compared to KOSDAQ. Second, in both KOSPI and KOSDAQ, the predictability of future cash flow showed that the accounting earnings was better than the cash flows. Third, for the persistence and predictability of earnings associated with the degree of accruals, in KOSPI and KOSDAQ both all, groups with better accruals quality had greater persistence and predictability of earnings, and a better future cash flow predictability of accounting earnings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Inadequate hospital stocking and unavailability of essential antidotes is a worldwide problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of antidote stocks in Korean hospitals based on a modified version of US antidote stocking guidelines. Methods: Both written and telephone surveys to collect information on hospital demographics and antidote stocking were given to the emergency departments or hospital pharmacies of 117 hospitals with emergency medical centers. The twenty antidotes included in the survey were taken from year 2000 US antidote stocking guidelines, except for activated charcoal and black widow spider antivenin. Antidote stocks were compared by hospital size, geographic location, and type of emergency medical center. Results: Complete responses were received from all hospitals. A mean of $12.4{\pm}2.9$ antidotes were adequately stocked per hospital. All hospitals stocked atropine, $CaCl_2$ naloxone, and sodium bicarbonate. However, digoxin Fab fragment (16%), cyanide kits (15%), EDTA (10%), BAL (9%), and fomepizole (1%) were not uniformly stocked. Large and teaching hospitals were significantly more likely to stock greater numbers of antidotes. Conclusions: Korean hospitals as a group do not have adequate antidote stocks. Korean stocking guidelines and an antidote management system are recommended in order to correct these deficiencies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2012

Since technological innovation is such an important factor that it can determine a company's economic growth and competitive enhancement, all the companies make lots of investments and efforts for technological innovation. As outcomes of technological innovation, there are patents, trademark and copyrights, etc. and they are mostly approved as a legal right called 'Intellectual Property Right'. To activate such an intellectual property right, financing techniques are needed for enterprises to raise funds through collaterals, such as technological and intellectual patents. In reality, however, any IP-related financial system is not really activated due to the lack of surety-related regulations in Korea. Thus, on the premise that it is important to carry out an objective and reliable valuation on IP as a collateral for the activation of IP finance, this study intends to investigate various different methods of patent valuation needed for IP finance.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.153-163
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was to analyze the job of coordinators working in the regional cardiocerebrovascular center. Methods: Using Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) method, the role of coordinators was defined and their duties and tasks were identified. The developed duties and tasks were classified and validated according to importance, difficulty, and frequency of the job. Results: A coordinator is defined as a clinical nurse specialist affiliated in a cardiocerebrovascular center. The coordinator is responsible for managing the major critical pathway to provide adequate medical service and providing education to the patient with myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular attack admitted via emergency room for prevention and management of disease. Ten duties and sixty-nine tasks were identified on the DACUM chart which represented the importance, difficulty, and frequency of tasks showed as A, B, C respectively. Based on determinant coefficient of the task, the highest ranked task was 'analysis for variation of CP' and the lowest was'investing the articles in stock'. Conclusion: The results of study showed that coordinators were doing various duties and tasks and they felt burden from their work and were in confusion. The results of this study can be used to develop training programs for coordinators and evaluation-scale of the coordinators' job performance as the basic data.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.293-301
• /
• 2017

Most new products not only suddenly disappear in the market but also quickly cannibalize older products. Under such a circumstance, retailers may have too much stock, and customers may be faced with difficulties discovering products suitable to their preferences among short life cycle products. To address these problems, recommender systems are good solutions. However, most previous recommender systems had difficulty in reflecting changes in customer preferences because the systems employ static customer preferences. In this paper, we propose a recommendation methodology that considers dynamic customer preferences. The proposed methodology consists of dynamic customer profile creation, neighborhood formation, and recommendation list generation. For the experiments, we employ a mobile image transaction dataset that has a short product life cycle. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology has a higher quality of recommendation than a typical collaborative filtering-based system. From these results, we conclude that the proposed methodology is effective under conditions where most new products have short life cycles. The proposed methodology need to be verified in the physical environment at a future time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.367-378
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The research studied to survey the degree of utilization, satisfactions and problems of the computerization in nursing practice. Method: The subjects were 176 nurses who are working at university hospital in Seoul. The research was operated by 75 questionaries which were developed and modified from precedence study of Kim(1998), No(1996) and Pang(1996). The data was processed by SPSS for window 11.0 and the results analyzed with number, percentile, average, t-test and ANOVA. Results: As the way of using computer system in nursing, the most nurses used that to Dr's order check, treatment activity, laboratory, barcode sticker, medication in order that were connected with order system mutually to other parts. The average degree of contentment from the computerization in nursing practice was presented as 3.855 in the full mark 5. The facility of stock management got the highest points(4.98). The problem was marked 3.12 and the biggest problem is interruption of work from the computer system error(4.03). The contentment of computerization in nursing practice by duty year was reflected a significant difference(F=5,457 P=0.005) and was not related with computerization and computer education(F=0.028 P=0.867, F=2.178 P=0.142).