• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1985

In the previous papers (Kim and Park, 1984 a, b), we have reported on alginic acid from Ecklonia cava. The seasonal and portional variation in the composition of uronic acids and their block structures of alginic acid from Sargassum ringgoldianum (collected from Ichon-ri at the coast of Ilgwang-myon, Yangsan-gun, Kyongnam, Korea, in the period of January to December in 1982) are investigated, and their relationship between the chemical composition and some rotated properties is discussed in this study. The results are as follows: 1. One year average contents of alginic acid were $21.4\%$ in the stipe and $19.7\%$ in the frond, one-year average values of M/G ratios were 2.38 in the frond and 1.85 in the stipe. The value of frond was largest in the period of Jauuary to April and smallest in May and October to December. The value of stipe was largest January to April and smallest in May. In general, the proportions of M block in the both of frond and stipe were higher than those of G block. 2. The viscosity of frond alginic acid showed higher values of 31.1 cP in November, and lower (below 7.0 cP) in the stipe alginic acid. Furthermore, the dependence on temperature of frond alginic acid was also larger in November and others were lower. Ion exchange ability of frond alginic acid was highest in July and the exchange amounts were $Pb^{2+}\;5.2,\;Cu^{2+}\;3.1,\;Zn^{2+}\;1.7,\;Co^{2+}\;1.5$ meq/g, Na-Alg., and the ability of stipe alginic acid was highest in May and the amounts were $Pb^{2+}\;4.6,\;Cu^{2+}\;3.3,\;Zn^{2+}\;2.5,\;Co^{2+}\;1.4$ meq/g. Na-Alg.. The affinity with metallic ions appeared higher in order of $Pb^{2+}>Cu^{2+}>Zn^{2+}>Co^{2+}$, and the exchange ability assumed to relate with the block ratio of uronic acid.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.799-804
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• 2006

Antioxidative and antimicrobial activities were measured for the Pleurotus eryngii (P. eryngii) solvent extracts in order to discover new functional activities. In P. eryngii, the powder moisture was 9.0%, and the carbohydrate, crude protein, crude ash and crude fat contents were 63.06, 20.70, 5.20 and 2.0%, respectively. Among the detected minerals, potassium (K) had the highest levels and manganese (Mn) the lowest. The amount of polyphenol in EtEx (Ethanol Extract) was 387 mg% for the whole body, 158 mg% for the stipe, and 593 mg% for the pileus. Higher levels of polyphenol in the entire body were found in the BuEx (Butanol Extract) (594 mg%) and WaEx (Water extract) (404 mg%) of the P. eryngii powder. BuEx had the highest level in the pileus, and EtEx and BuEx were higher than the other extracts in the stipe. The electron donating ability (EDA) of EtEx of the P. eryngii powder was the highest, at 91.12%, for the whole body, while it was the lowest, at 62.90%, in the stipe. In addition, the EDA of WaEx was 90.39% for the whole body. These EDA values were similar to those for tocopherol (93.93%) and BHT (96.72%), supporting the potential of these extracts to act as antioxidants. A number of the extracts were certified to have antimicrobial activities for small number of microorganisms, especially for gram-negative microorganisms. In other words, BuEx and EAEx in the pileus and WaEx in the stipe were found to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative). Additionally, EtEx and WaEx in all parts were shown to act as antimicrobial agents for Escherichia coli of gram negative.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.390-396
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• 1994

Age and growth of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura were investigated by random quadrate sampling method at monthly intervals from February 1993 to January 1994 in Pusan Bay, southeastern coast of Korea. The size of various parts of the collected plants was periodically measured individually. An allometric relationship was established according to the total length, blade length, stipe length, stipe diameter and weight of frond. Each age group was divided according to the range of stipe length by the allometric relation. The population of E. stolonifera consisted of five age groups; 1 year ($41.5\%$), 2 years ($25.9\%$), 3 years ($21.1\%$), 4 years ($7.8\%$) and 5 years ($3.5\%$). During a year, biomass of the population increased drastically from May to September, but gradually decrease from October to January. Zoosporangial sori were observed on blades of three or more years old, from October to December. New populations were formed by zoospores, developed on shoots of three or more years old, and also they were vegetatively formed from stoloniferous haptera on two or more year old mother thalli.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.129-134
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• 2006

In order to make the objective quality standard of Pleurotus eryngii, we statistically analysed fruit body collected by the type of market with our own mushroom research lab's quality standard and suggested the quality standard of Pleurotus eryngii by grade. Namely, premium(extra large), first(large), second(middle), and third grade(small) fruit body were 120~130, 110~120 below, 80~110below, and 80mm and below, respectively in height. The diameters of stipe of each grades were 40~45, 30~40below, 25~30below, 25mm below, respectively. The standard of the diameter of pileus indicated ratio of the diameter of pileus/the diameter of stipe instead of the diameter of pileus only because a quality is depend on a ratio of pileus/stipe. The premium and first grade of a ratio of pileus/stipe were 1.6 below and 1.7and below respectively. The weights of premium(extra large), first(large), second(middle), and third grade(small) fruit body were 95~120, 70~95below, 50~70below, 50g below, respectively.

• ALGAE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

The genus Erythroglossum is characterized by Phycodrys-type apical organization, Polyneura-type procarp, and the presence of a midrib. We collected an unidentified Delesseriaceaen species from deep water off the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. This alga resembles Polyneura japonica in terms of having broadly flattened thalli with a cylindrical stipe, the presence of a midrib and alternative lateral veins. To confirm the taxonomic status of this entity, we compared the morphological features and rbcL sequences among other species of Erythroglossum and P. japonica. As a result, we assigned the new species, Erythroglossum hyacinthinum, to the genus Erythroglossum because of the presence of a midrib. This species is characterized by an elliptical to obovate blade with a short cylindrical stipe, a conspicuous midrib and alternate veins, margins with numerous microscopic dentations, di-trichotomously branching, and bulish-violet iridescence. The phylogeny of rbcL sequences indicates that E. hyacinthinum is definitely a separate entity, but the genera in the tribe Phycodryeae have inconsistent phylogenetic relationships. This is the first study comparing the molecular phylogeny within the genus Erythroglossum.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1682-1687
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• 2007

The differences in the nonvolatile metabolites of pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) according to different parts and heating times were analyzed by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data. The $^1H$ NMR spectra and PCA enabled the differences of nonvolatile metabolites among mushroom samples to be clearly observed. The two parts of mushrooms could be easily discriminated based on PC 1, and could be separated according to different heattreated times based on PC 3. The major peaks in the $^1H$ NMR spectra that contributed to differences among mushroom samples were assigned to trehalose, succinic acid, choline, leucine/isoleucine, and alanine. The content of trehalose was higher in the pileus than in the stipe of all mushroom samples, whereas succinic acid, choline, and leucine/isoleucine were the main components in the stipe. Heating resulted in significant losses of alanine and leucine/isoleucine, whereas succinic acid, choline, and trehalose were the most abundant components in mushrooms heat-treated for 3 min and 5 min, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 1998

The effects of temperature(0, 5, 10 $^{\circ}C$), sawdust removal in root part and packaging conditions on the respiration and keeping qualities were evaluated. Higher respiratory activity, weight loss and stipe elongation were observed at higher temperature. Removal of sawdust part slowed down the rate of stipe elongation with little effect on the respiration rates, and therefore improve the quality preservation. The modified atmosphere packaging of 100g mushroom using hermetically sealing by 30 $\mu\textrm{m}$ polypropylene (CPP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) films were effective in preserving the quality such as visual appearance and Hunter L value, and reducing weight loss at 0$^{\circ}C$, 5$^{\circ}C$ and 10$^{\circ}C$ compared to perforated packages.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.338-342
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• 1994

Amino acids of Pleurotus ostreatus in various cultural media(rice straw, sawdust and cotton waste) were analyzed to recognize the compositional differences depending on pileus size and portions(pileus and stipe) Total amino acids of rice straw were a little less than that of sawdust and cotton waste. Seventeen amino acids were identified and quantified. Among the amino acids glutamic acid was higest and cystine was lowest. The amino acid contents depending on the pileus size was higest in $3{\sim}7\;cm$ of rice straw, under 3 cm of sawdust, over 7 cm of cotton waste, respectively. The content of them was found to be higher in pileus than stipe.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-111
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• 2000

Composition of fatty acids (FAs) in Pleurotus ostreatus were analyzed by gas chromatography and compositional changes according to cultivar, fruitbody section and developmental stage (days after primordia formation) were investigated. Major FAs in oyster mushroom were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. Unsaturated FAs were higher in pileus portion than upper- or lower-stipe portion. Oleic acid content was increased with developmental days but linoleic acid content was highest at $3{\sim}4$ days after primordia formation and then decreased after that. And ratio of unsaturated FAs/saturated FAs was decreased with basidiocarp maturation.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Perennial stipitate kelps are globally distributed and individual species can inhabit broad latitudinal ranges, expressing notably longevous persistence. Despite the foundational role kelps provide to their communities, little is known about the variability in persistence of the stipitate kelps at local spatial scales. We studied the population persistence of Eisenia arborea, a heat- and wave force-tolerant perennial stipitate kelp with a distributional range extending from British Columbia to south of the range limit of all other northeast Pacific kelps, in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Persistence characteristics for E. arborea among sites were compared and used to test the hypothesis that stand persistence varied at local spatial scales around Isla Natividad, a Pacific island off the Baja California peninsula with documented spatiotemporal environmental heterogeneity. Collected individuals around the island were "aged" using the previously validated age estimation technique of counting annual cortical dark rings. After detecting no significant differences among sites in the covariation between estimated ages for collected individuals and stipe length, we utilized in-situ population-level stipe length measurements to more rapidly predict age structures within six stands around the island. Predicted age structures, and associated stand densities, revealed persistence characteristics and density varied at local scales and a strong positive relationship existed between stand density and stand mean and maximum ages. We speculate that stands responded differently to deterministic influences (e.g., the 2014-2016 marine heatwave and / or competition with Macrocystis) resulting in heterogenous local persistence of this foundation species.