• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1856-1864
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• 2017

The ultimate goal of multimedia in bio-signal research is to approach multimedia contents through bio-signal. Hence it is important to interpret user's emotions by analyzing his or her bio-signals. In this paper, we construct ERP task of oddball component to analyze EEG signal between normal stimuli and fear stimuli and measure EEG during ERP task. The results from extracted ERP component show that there is a difference in N200 in visual stimuli, P300 in auditory stimuli, and N100 and P300. Moreover, there are larger changes in audiovisual stimuli, indicating that users recognize greater fear of crime when visual and auditory stimuli are simultaneously presented.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of electric current stimuli and high-voltage electric field treatments on brown rice germination. The brown rice stimulated by electrical current stimuli, functional electrical stimuli of a pulse type, and high-voltage electric field treatments were observed (Type I, II and III). Treatment Type I was a method of semi-soaking brown rice with electric current stimuli of 0.13 V/cm, 0.19 V/cm, and 0.25 V/cm into Petri-dishes for 72 hours. Type II was a method of semi-soaking brown rice with functional electrical stimuli of a pulse type(DC 1 V, 1 Hz, 5%, and duty cycles of 5%, 20%, and 35%) into Petri-dishes for 72 hours. Type III was a method of water-soaking with high-voltage electric field treatments for 60 hours. High-voltage electric field treatments at 15 kV/cm were also conducted for 2.5 min, 7.5 min, and 10 min, respectively. The germination rate and the sprout growth of brown rice germinated by electric current stimuli with 0.13 V/cm, 0.19 V/cm, and 0.25 V/cm were increased by about 10-15% compared with those of the control group. The germination rate and the sprout growth of brown rice germinated by functional electrical stimuli of pulse type(DC 1 V, 1 Hz, 5% duty cycle) were increased by about 10∼15% compared to those of the control group. Also, the best effective treatment among high-voltage electric field treatments was the 10 min group at 15 kV/cm. The germination rate and the sprout growth of brown rice germinated by this treatment of 10 min at 15 kV/cm were increased by about 10∼20% compared to those of the control group. The treatments of electric current stimuli and high-voltage electric field accelerated the germination rate and sprout growth of brown rice by about 10∼15% compared to those of the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1601-1610
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• 2009

Unplanned purchase is an unexpected buying behavior affected by product or marketing stimuli. Unplanned purchase does not follow the order of the rational decision making process. Through an in-depth interview, this study classified the types of unplanned purchase of clothing and examined the decision-making processes. The results (according to the need recognition level of consumers prior to stimuli) show three types of unplanned purchase of clothing products that are classified as: the need-manifesting type, the need-embodying type, and the need-reminding type. In addition, each type is reclassified into the high-cognition type and the low-cognition type according to the cognitive effort level of consumers during the purchase decision-making process. The need-manifesting type recognized a buying need after exposure to stimuli and then engaged in unplanned purchases. The need-embodying type recognized a problem, but the purchase intention was not concrete. The need-reminding type recognized a desire to buy clothing products, but temporarily forgot it, and then later remembered the problem recognition from the past after experiencing the stimuli.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-99
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• 2016

This research investigated that participants' response time and recognition in the decision-making situation would vary according to either rational or emotional stimuli and analyzed how brain functions are related to each type of stimuli by means of fMRI. We tried to address the difference of cognitive processing between rational stimuli and emotional stimuli in the perspective of information processing theory. In order to achieve the research purpose above, we conducted two kinds of experiment studies. In study 1, subjects conducted decision-making task which selected which kind of information type the stimuli was after stimuli - rational stimuli or emotional stimuli - was randomly seen during experiment. During this experiment, we investigated the effect of each stimuli by measuring the duration from the onset time at which stimuli was shown to the response time at which subjects conducted decision-making. Furthermore, we compared the brain functions by finding out what kinds of brain areas were activated during the decision-making task. In study 2, subjects conducted recognition task at which subjects made a decision whether the stimuli was sees in the previous experiment or not. During the second experiment, we investigated the recognition effect by measuring the memory for each stimuli type. Moreover, we compared the cognitive processes during recognition by analyzing the differences of brain area functions. The results of two experiments above were as following. Firstly, regarding the response time as the effect of stimuli, we found that the effect of emotional stimuli was higher than that of rational stimuli. And regarding the recognition as the effect of stimuli, it was found that the effect of rational stimuli was higher than that of emotional stimuli. Secondly, the explanation about the characteristics of cognitive processes with the result of behavioral response by analyzing brain functions was as following. First of all, regarding the decision-making task which conducted for analyzing the effect of response time, the relatively high activated brain areas of rational stimuli were related with the functions of movement control or working memory, and the relatively high activated brain areas of emotional stimuli were connected with the functions of lingual processing.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.953-959
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• 1999

In modern applications of response data analysis, it has been found that there are stimuli which are independent for some com-binations of levels antagonistic for other and synergistic for some other combinations of levels. Obviously the classical models of stimuli re-sponse function fail to portray such inconsistent behaviour of the stim-uli. The classical model also fail to represent response functions of increasingly synergistic stimuli. Thus it has become necessary to build another type of models to represent relations of both synergistic and an-tagonistc for some combination of levels. This paper will propose a new model that can well explain such inconsistent behaviour of two jointly acting stimuli.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

This study aims to propose color affective model of indoor space by evaluating subjects' physiological responses according to the types of behavioral and affective system. 99 subjects(44 females, 55 males) in their 20s, who had no disorders in visual perception, participated in the experiment. To categorize the subjects based on behavioral and affective system, BAS/BIS scale and Affective scale were used. Color stimuli were composed of five basic colors and three tones: vivid, pale and dull tone of R, Y, G, B, P. For physiological experiment, right and left prefrontal alpha activity was measured to analyze prefrontal EEG asymmetry. Participants were exposed to fifteen color stimuli for 20 seconds each other under the positive and negative emotional condition in a research room with the natural light blocked. The results and conclusion of this study are as follows. Along with factors of behavioral and affective system, cluster analysis was carried out and four types were classified. Type A had high BAS sensitivity, especially high 'drive' trait, and showed high levels of 'anxiety' and 'anger'. Type B had low BAS sensitivity, especially low 'fun seeking' and low 'drive' trait, and showed low levels of 'anxiety' as well as low levels of 'happiness'. Type C had low BIS sensitivity and showed high levels of 'happiness' and low levels of 'sadness'. Type D had high BIS sensitivity and showed high levels of 'lethargy' and 'sadness'. As a result of EEG signal analysis of color stimuli, Type B, Type C, and Type D showed significant differences in prefrontal alpha asymmetry under the negative emotional stimuli. Type B showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with pale R and dull G. Type C showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with vivid Y and B, pale R, and dull R, G, P. Type D showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with vivid Y and P, pale R, Y, P, and dull R, Y, G, B, P. The group of high BAS sensitivity was not influenced by color stimuli under the emotional conditions, whereas the group of high BIS sensitivity was affected by color stimuli under the negative emotional conditions. They showed left prefrontal activation when they were exposed the spaces with vivid, pale, dull tones of Y and P wall.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.6 s.119
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• pp.506-513
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• 2006

The effects of ultrasound stimuli on the germination and sprout growth of brown rice were investigated. Ultrasound was applied to brown rice at the frequencies of 28, 40, and 60 kHz before germination test and it was germinated in three methods (Type I, II and III). Type I was to soak brown rice into water for 60 hours. Type II was to expose brown rice to air for 48 hours after soaking them into water for 12 hours. Type III was a repetitive method of water-soaking and air exposure for 12 hours respectively. The most effective method for the germination was Type III without ultrasound. However, Type I was a best method after ultrasound treatment. As power of ultrasound increased, sprouts grew faster after brown rice were treated in 40%, 70%, and 100% power (0.137, 0.241, and 0.344 $W/cm^2$) at 40 kHz. The good treatments for fast sprout growth of brown rice at each frequency were the 28 kHz-10min group, the 40 kHz-5min group, and the 60 kHz-20min group of Type I. The best effective treatment was the 40 kHz-5min group at 0.344 $W/cm^2$ and at that condition the time required for sprout growth of 2.5 m was 51.9 hours. The ultrasound stimuli was very effective in the beginning of the rice germination, and the germination ratio was more than 95% in all ultrasound treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.121-132
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• 2010

This study was intended to identify the persuasion effects of online cosmetic advertising according to scarcity message type and product type. For the experiment, 4 stimuli were developed as experimental stimuli for the 2(scarcity message type: quantity scarcity message vs distinctiveness scarcity message) X 2(product type: hedonic product vs utilitarian product) factorial design. Participants were 160 students, and they allocated 40 students in each group. They responded a questionnaire. The results were as follows. First, distinctiveness scarcity message showed more effective than quantity scarcity message in advertising attitude, product attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention. Second, hedonic product showed more effective than utilitarian product in advertising attitude, product attitude, brand attitude, advertising attention, click-through intention, and purchase intention. Third, there was interaction effect according to scarcity message type and product type on the aspect of advertising attitude, advertisement attention, and click-through intention.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Much research has been conducted to judge aesthetic value for a single type of stimuli, but research to determine aesthetic value when two kinds of stimuli are presented at the same time is not explored in depth. In this paper, we measure the difference between the presentation of visual stimuli like general image and the presentation of signboard image including text stimuli using EEG. In the experiment, two oddball tasks were performed for general images and signboard images, and EEG changes according to the aesthetic value of the images were measured. As a result, the change of ERP in signboard image was larger than that of general image. We confirmed that more visual information was received and processed when two stimuli were presented at the same time.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.33-43
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• 2023

Not only emotions affect physical sensations, but they also have an impact on physical movements. The responses to emotions vary depending on the type of emotional stimuli. However, research on the effects of emotional stimuli on the activation of bodily movements has not been rigorously examined, and these effects have not been investigated in Autonomous Emotion Recognition (AER) systems. In this study, we aimed to compare the emotional responses of 20 participants to three types of emotional stimuli (words, pictures, and videos) and investigate their activation or deactivation for the AER system. Our dependent measures included emotional responses, computer-based self-reporting methods, and bodily movements recorded using motion capture devices. The results suggested that video stimuli elicited higher levels of emotional movement, and emotional movement patterns were similar across different types of emotional stimuli for happiness, sadness, anger, and neutrality. Additionally, the findings indicated that bodily changes observed during video stimuli had the highest classification accuracy. These findings have implications for future research on the bodily changes elicited by emotional stimuli.