• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.563-572
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of hope and depression applied on the influence of social stigma on suicidal ideation of 108 HIV infected males. Methods: This study was a descriptive, crosssectional design that used a survey approach. Data collection was one-on-one interviews by a counseling nurse from July 2012 to January 2013. The survey included questions about social stigma, hope, depression, and suicidal ideation. Results: Fitness of the hypothetical model was appropriate ($x^2/df=1.97$, TLI=.97, CFI=.98, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.04). Social stigma had no direct effect on suicidal ideation but had a significant indirect effect on suicidal ideation via hope and depression. Hope had a mediating effect the relationship between stigma and depression but no direct effect on the relationship between stigma and suicidal ideation. Hope had an indirect effect on suicidal ideation via depression. Stigma and hope accounted for 41% of depression was where as suicidal ideation was explained 56.3% by depression, hope, and stigma. Conclusion: In order to reduce depression and suicidal ideation of HIV infected people, stigma improving strategies are required. And hope intervention for HIV infected people may decrease their suicidal ideation and depression.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder, which is characterized by proteinuria, edema (swelling), and hyperlipidemia. Maydis Stigma (Corn silk) has been widely used in Asia as a traditional medicine and is known to have a diuretic effect and is used for the treatment of edema and indigestion. Methods: The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement effect of Maydis Stigma in treating nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with 75 mg/kg/day puromycin aminonucleoside, then treated with either Losartan or 200 mg/kg/day Maydis Stigma for seven days. Results: Maydis Stigma significantly decreased ascites and proteinuria level. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine reduced significantly by Maydis Stigma. In addition, treatment with Maydis Stigma attenuated histological damage. Treatment with Maydis Stigma also restored podocin expression and reduced inflammation markers such as intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Conclusions: Maydis Stigma ameliorates kidney injury in nephrotic syndrome rat models. Maydis Stigma exerts a renoprotective effect owing to its anti-inflammatory effects and reductions of ascites and proteinuria. Thus, these results indicate that Maydis Stigma is likely to be a promising agent in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1003-1012
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of human potential seminars on the perceived stigma of adults with epilepsy. The research employed a quasi experimental design and unequivalent control group pre-post design. The test was conducted on 15 adults with epilepsy attending one psychiartric out-patient clinic in Masan City, Korea. The stigma questionnaire was used as a pre-test to these patients. HPS was done ten times for five weeks from May 6, to July 26, 1996. The stigma questionnaire was again given, but this time as a post test. The control group of 14 adults with epilepsy were receiving medication at the same clinic. The human potential seminars were structured by McHolland(1972) and translated by Lee, Hae Seung(1990). The stigma research tool was modified and revised to be appropriate to Korean culture. It consisted of 15 sentences. The internal consistency was 0.92 with Cronbach's α. Research results are as follows. 1) To determine the homogenity of the experimental and control groups, the pre-stigma results were used and democratic-sociologic characteristics, job characteristics and disease related variables were compared. There was no significant difference between the two groups. 2) To identify the relationship between stigma and patient characteristics a pre-test was done. The study used both Mann-Whitney U-test and ANOVA test for statistical analysis. The variables related to stigma were the reason of unemployment and age at onset of epilepsy. 3) The test results of the effect of the human potential seminars on stigma in the patients with epilepsy, showed that stigma in the experimental group was lower than in the control group. The statistical method used to determine the difference between pre and post stigma results was the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The test results were statistically significant at the one percent level. 4) As a follow-up evaluation ten more patients(66.7% of the total) were additionally tested. In order to investigate if the stigmas were different between the pre, post and follow-up, Repeated measure ANOVA was used. The test results showed that the stigma scores were statistically different between the three groups at the one percent level(F=10.06, d.f.=2, p=0.00).

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2023

The study examined the mediating effect of internalized shame on the relationship between affiliate stigma and interpersonal anxiety among adolescents with siblings who had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the moderated mediating effect of mother-adolescent communication openness. The participants consisted of 139 adolescents (boys 48.9%, high-school students 79.8%) who had siblings with ASD. Interpersonal anxiety, affiliate stigma, internalized shame, and mother-adolescent communication openness were measured using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (La Greca & Lopez, 1998), the Affiliate Stigma Scale (Mak & Cheung, 2008), the Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 1988), and the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (Barnes & Olson, 1982), respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Process Macro Models 4 and 7 were used to examine the mediating effect and the moderated mediating effect. The results indicated that internalized shame mediated the effect of affiliate stigma on interpersonal anxiety among adolescents who had siblings with ASD. However, there was no significant moderated mediating effect of mother-adolescent communication openness on the relationship between affiliate stigma, internalized shame and interpersonal anxiety. These findings suggest that it is necessary to improve social awareness of individuals with ASD and their family members to prevent adolescents who have siblings with ASD from having affiliate stigma and to help them reduce interpersonal anxiety. The results also highlight the importance of counseling programs for adolescents with siblings with ASD as a way of preventing or alleviating their interpersonal anxiety by reducing internalized shame, even where they experience affiliate stigma.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1371-1382
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between stigma and quality of life (QOL) in lung cancer patients. Participants were 119 lung cancer patients who visited the outpatient department of a hospital. The subjects completed a questionnaire of stigma, resilience and QOL. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation, three-step regressions to test mediating effect and Sobel test. Stigma was negatively correlated with resilience and QOL. Resilience was positively correlated with QOL. Stigma explained 15.0% of the variance of resilience. Stigma and resilience explained 41.0% of the variance of QOL. Resilience had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between stigma and QOL. The results suggest that a nursing intervention to decrease stigma and enhance resilience is recommended to improve QOL in lung cancer patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.247-256
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of hope relationships among social support, social stigma and quality of life. It was conducted to measure social support, social stigma, hope and quality of life from 197 HIV-infected people. Data collection was carried out through one-on-one interviews by counselling nurse. The mediating effect was analyzed through Structure Equation Model using AMOS 21.0 program and indirect effect was analyzed by bootstrapping method. As a result of analysis, first, social support had a significant positive effect on quality of life. But social stigma had a significant negative effect on quality of life. Second, social support had a significant positive effect on hope. But social stigma had a significant negative effect on hope. Third, hope had significant mediating effect within the influence of social support and social stigma on quality of life. It is suggested to develop and apply comprehensive intervention program for improve quality of life of HIV infected people in community.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.99-111
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sex role stereotypes and delinquency, and determine if it is mediated by stigma. The data was taken from the fourth wave of the 2010 Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS), which was administered by the Korea Youth Policy Institute. The major findings are as follows: First, sex role stereotypes were found to increase stigma and delinquency. Second, the relationship between sex role stereotypes and delinquency is mediated by stigma. Third, the results revealed that there was a significant gender difference in mediating models. As for the female participants, stigma had a mediating effect in the relationship between sex role stereotyping and delinquency. In contrast, for the male participants, the mediating effect of stigma was found to be insignificant. Based on these results, this research suggested that delinquency prevention programs need improvement considering gender difference and sex role stereotypes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.59-73
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effect of self-esteem on perceived stigma in high school students toward people with disabilities. Methods: The participants in this study were 140 high school students from Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected during May 2013. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive by statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and simple regression analysis with the SPSS 19.0 program. Results: The major findings of this study are as follows: There was a significant relationship between stigma toward people with disabilities and self-esteem among the high school students (r=-.205, p=.015). There was also a significant relationship between relationships with friends (r=.291, p<.001), health statement (r=.400, p<.001) and self-esteem among the high school students. Self-esteem explained 3.5% of the variance in high school students' stigma toward people with disabilities (F=6.041, p=.015). Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest a need to develop education to increase self-esteem as a strategy to decrease high school students' stigma toward people with disabilities. Also, findings of this study suggest the need for repeated study on the relationship between self-esteem and stigma toward people with disabilities among adults.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.173-194
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• 2004

According to modified labeling theory, because persons with mental illness internalize the stigma of the public, they anticipate discrimination or rejection by others. Such reactions may have negative effects on both psychological and social functioning. We propose that perceived stigma are central to understanding the poor adjustment of mental patients. This study was conducted by the survey with 377 mental patients in order to discover the pathways by which perceived stigma affected life satisfaction and self-esteem. The major findings of the study were : 1) Perceived stigma has a direct effect on life satisfaction as well as indirect effect through patients' experience of discrimination. 2) Perceived stigma has no direct effect but indirectly affected self-esteem through patients' experience of discrimination and internal attribution of discriminatory situations. Based on these findings, consumer-initiated anti-stigma campaign were discussed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.164-174
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the rural elderly suicide literacy level upon suicide stigma and coping advice with suicidal crises (recommending professional help for a suicidal person). In particular, this study investigates the role of cultural norms (perceived social expectations for the experience of negative emotions) on suicide stigma and coping ability. Methods: A survey was conducted addressing elderly people (N=119) living in rural areas. Regression analysis using SPSS PROCESS macro was used to examine the relationships among the key variables. Results: Participants with higher suicide literacy showed lower suicide stigma, and this perception had a significant effect on enhancing their coping advice with suicidal crises. Also, perceived social expectations significantly influenced the relationship between suicide stigma and coping advice. With lower levels of social expectations, the mediating effect of suicide stigma on the relationship between suicide literacy and recommending professional help did not exist whereas the indirect effect was significant when it pertained to high levels of social expectations. Conclusion: This result signifies that suicide stigma serves as a barrier deterring Koreans from reaching out for professional help regarding their mental health. Moreover, these findings underscore the importance of cultural psychological factors such as perceived social expectations in terms of developing suicide prevention strategies.