• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-62
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• 1984

The toxicity of water extracts from intestine parts (digestive tract respiratory tree) of Korean Stichopus japonicus was determined using mouse units and more purified substance decreases the amplitude of contraction of guinia pig atria in vitro; showes negative chronotropic and ionotropic effects in the spontaneously beating guinea pig atria.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.886-891
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• 2013

We analyzed surface sediments to explain the substrate characteristics of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus habitat. The analyses included grain-size determination, water content (WC), loss on ignition (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content. We obtained data on sea cucumber density, weight, and length at each station in a marine farming area in the middle of Korea's Taean coast on the West (Yellow) Sea in May, 2012. The apparent density of S. japonicus was high in coarse and bimodal sediments, whereas it was low in fine and unimodal sediments. The mass of S. japonicus was greater in fine than in coarse sediments, showing a different trend from sea cucumber density. The values for WC, IL, COD, and AVS in surface sediments were higher in areas with high densities of S. japonicus than in areas with low sea cucumber densities. In particular, the concentration of AVS was much higher than the value proposed in Japanese criteria for areas with high S. japonicus density.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.806-811
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• 2017

A multiplex PCR system comprising 14 microsatellite markers was developed for genotyping analysis of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. A total of 286 samples were used to evaluate genetic polymorphisms and forensic parameters of the microsatellite loci. In a single PCR reaction, all 14 loci were uniformly amplified and a total of 269 alleles were identified. The AJ19024 locus had the largest number of alleles (46), and its discriminatory power and exclusion power were 0.99 and 0.76, respectively. The fewest alleles (8) were present at the Psj2575 locus, which provided the lowest discriminatory power (0.81) and exclusion power (0.20). The mean number of alleles, mean heterozygosity, mean discrimination power and mean exclusion power per locus were 19.21, 0.70, 0.93, and 0.46, respectively. The combined matching probability for the 14 loci was $9.64{\times}10^{-19}$, and the combined power of exclusion was 0.999995. Thus, the forensic parameters evaluated in the present study demonstrated the utility of our multiplex PCR system for biological tracing methods, such as individual identification and paternity testing, in the sea cucumber.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 1999

해삼의 인공종묘생산 기술개발을 위한 생물학적 기초자료로 이용하고자 산란유발, 유생발달 과정, 유생 사육시 먹이와수용밀도에 관한 시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산란유발은 수온자극에서 6.0~17.5%의 반응이 있었으며, 간출자극에서는 1.4~4.0%로 낮은 반응률을 보였다. 산란량은 50~500만개였고, 수정률은 84.0~96.0%였으며, 부화율은 71.4~84.6%로 나타났다. 해삼의 수정난은 $154{\mu}m$이며, 난발생은 수온 $23^{circ)C$에서 수정후 2시간 10분만에 4세포기, 3시간 40분이 지나면 16세포기로 되며, 14시간 30분 후에는 포배기로 되면서 부화하였다. 그 이후 3일째에는 auricularia 유생으로 되었고, 11일째에는 doliolaria 유생, 15일째에 pentactula 유생으로 변태하였다. 유생의 먹이로는 Chaetoceros calcitrans와 Pav-lova lutheri가 적당한 것으로 나타났으나, 이 중 Chaetoceros calcitrans는 변태가 빠르고 생존율도 높아 해삼 유생의 먹이로 가장 좋았으며, 유생 사육을 위한 최적 밀도는 2개체/ml 이하를 유지하는 것이 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2008

A chemical investigation of the polar extract of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, collected from Jeju Island, Korea, has led to isolation of five new fatty acid derivatives (1, 4 - 7) along with known compounds (2 - 3, 8 - 14). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of MS and NMR spectroscopy.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2018

돌기해삼의 성장과 생존에 가장 효과적이며 경제성이 있는 사육밀도를 조사하였는데 체중 성장은 250, 350과 500 개체/m2 실험구에서 각각 31.9±18.3g, 26.8±14.6g과 21.5±16.4g으로 성장하였고, 실험 시작할 때 보다 250마리/m² 실험구는 약 5.1배, 350마리/m² 실험구는 약 4.3배 및 500마리/m² 실험구에서는 3.5배의 성장을 보여 수용밀도가 낮을수록 빠른 성장을 보였다. 생존율은 250마리/m² 실험구는 50.1%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 350마리/m² 실험구는 47.6% 그리고 500마리/m² 실험구에서는 44.2%로 낮게 나타났다. 실험기간동안 성장과 생존율은 사육밀도가 낮을수록 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며 일정시기와 일정크기에 따른 선별이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.28.1-28.17
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• 2017

Members of the phylum Echinodermata, commonly known as echinoderms, are exclusively marine invertebrates. Among the Echinodermata, sea cucumber belongs to the family Holothuroidea. The sea cucumber Stichopus (Apostichous) japonicus (Selenka) is an invertebrate animal inhabiting the coastal sea around Korean, Japan, China, and Russia. Sea cucumber has a significant commercial value, because it contains valuable nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. They possess a number of distinctive biologically and pharmacologically important compounds. In particular, the body wall of sea cucumber is a major edible part. It consists of peptide, collagen, gelatin, polysaccharide, and saponin, which possess several biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-coagulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, the regenerative capacity of sea cucumber makes it a medically important organism. This review presents the various biological activities and biomedical potential of sea cucumber S. japonicus.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2015

The juvenile red variant of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus is distributed worldwide. It is a valuable food source in Korea, China, and Japan. Major issues in farming the juvenile red variant sea cucumber include growth rates and disease resistance. In recent years, studies have focused on feed additives to enhance immune system and health. In this study, we used a common diet (CD), a nutritional diet (ND; mixed nutritional supplements), and an immunity diet (ID; mixed probiotics, spirulina, and levan) and compared the growth rates and immunity of juvenile red variant sea cucumbers fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks. The growth and survival rates in the ID group were significantly increased (P>0.05). This suggests that the feed additives positively influenced immunity and growth in the ID group. However, the immune activity was exhibit a stabilizing effect, and further investigation of immune effects is required.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2009

Water and 70% ethanol extracts obtained from a sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) body wall by heat reflux or pressurized solvent extraction showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ($DPPH^{\cdot}$) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation ($ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$) scavenging activities comparable to those of fruits and vegetables. The highest activities were observed for the water extract from heat reflux extraction. Crude saponins exhibited higher radical scavenging activities than the soluble matters in the extracts. However, they were responsible for only about 3 to 15% of the scavenging activities of the extracts. Total phenolic contents showed a significant correlation with $DPPH^{\cdot}$ scavenging activities, suggesting a significant contribution of phenolic constituents to the antioxidant properties of the extracts. However, total flavonoid contents showed little correlation with the radical scavenging activities. The results suggest that the water or 70% ethanol extract obtained from sea cucumber body wall by simple heat reflux extraction could provide considerable antioxidant benefits.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2014

The effect of various levels of proteins, sulfates, and molecular weight ($M_w$) of a sulfated-glycoprotein ($NF_3$) from a sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus, on nitric oxide (NO) releasing capacity from RAW 264.7 cells was investigated. The $NF_3$ derivatives had various amounts of proteins (4.8~11.2%) and sulfates (6.8~25.2%) as well as different $M_w$ ($640.3{\times}10^3{\sim}109.2{\times}10^3g/mol$). $NF_3$ was able to stimulate RAW 264.7 cells to release NO with lower protein contents, indicating that the protein moiety was not an important factor to stimulate macrophages. On the other hand, the NO inducing capacity was significantly reduced with decreased levels of sulfates and $M_w$, implying that sulfates and $M_w$ played a pivotal role in activating RAW 264.7 cells. It was not clear why sulfates and a certain range of $M_w$ were essential for stimulating macrophages. It appeared that certain levels of sulfates and $M_w$ of sulfated-glycoproteins were required to bind to the surface receptors on RAW 264.7 cells.