• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 1992

Both hydrolysed guar gum and polydextrose have been used as a major fiber source in preparations of unctional drink products and other food products. In this study we determined the effects of these fibers on lipid metabolism of normal rats with two different dietary fat levels by using cellulose as the control. Serum total lipid triglyceride total cholesterol and HDL-colesterol were determined with proper enzymatic methods. Feed intake weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were also calcula-ted. Polydextrose-fed group showed lower serum triglyceride level than hydrolysed guar gum-fed group regardless of fat level used in this study without changing total lipid level in the serum. We also observed that polydextrose-fed group showed low serum cholesterol level nummerically high serum HDL-cholestrol level and more excretion of fecal neutral sterols when compare with those values of hydrolysed guar gum-fed group. The results indicate that polydextrose might have more beneficial roles in lipid metabolism when compare with hydrolysed guar gum.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

This short review on the chemistry, pharmacological properties and patents of obovatol and obovatal from Magnolia obovata is the first publication. Pharmacological properties are focused on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet and neuroprotective activities. Obovatol and obovatal were first isolated from the leaves of M. obovata. Also reported in the bark and fruits of M. obovata, obovatol and obovatal are neolignans i.e., biphenolic compounds bearing a C-O coupling. Other classes of compounds isolated and identified from M. obovata include sesquiterpene-neolignans, dineolignans, trineolignan, lignans, dilignans, phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, ketone and sterols. The anti-cancer properties of obovatol and obovatal involve apoptosis, inhibition of the growth, migration and invasion of cancer cell lines. However, obovatol displays cytotoxicity against cancer cells but not obovatal. Similarly, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and other pharmacological activities were only observed in obovatol. The disparity in pharmacological properties of obovatol and obovatal may be attributed to the -CHO group present in obovatal but absent in obovatol. From 2007 to 2013, eight patents were published on obovatol with one mentioning obovatal. They were all published at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by scientists of the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) as inventors and assignee, respectively. Some future research and prospects are suggested.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Mushrooms play crucial roles as reservoirs of naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Among these, Cordyceps militaris is significant because of its well-established reputation for organoleptic excellence and positive health effects, which have led to its widespread commercialization. In contrast, the key properties of Paecilomyces variotii, an ectomycorrhizal symbiont, has received limited attention. In alignment with current research trends, the study of the mycelia and culture media of these mushrooms hold promise in identifying potential sources of valuable bioactive compounds. In the present study, we investigated C. militaris and P. variotii for their phenolic acids and sterols, assessing antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory effects, and anti-proliferative activity. Interestingly, P. variotii mycelia exhibited higher concentrations of ergosterol and phenolic compounds, with comparable levels observed in the fruiting bodies, along with superior antioxidant activity compared to that of C. militaris. In contrast, C. militaris mycelia demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects (which were absent in P. variotii mycelia) and cytotoxicity comparable to, and at times exceeding, that of its fruiting bodies (in contrast to P. variotii). In addition, the species analyzed in this study displayed variations in growth rates and mycelial production, which merit consideration for potential future applications and further study.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2003

Fruits and vegetables reportedly have a protective effect against hyperlipidemia and oxidative disease. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect and antioxidative capacity of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Male rats were fed a high-cholesterol (1% wt/wt) or high-cholesterol diet supplemented with Lovastatin (0.02% wt/wt) or PLE (0.2% wt/wt) for 5 weeks. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was significantly lower in the PLE group than in the lovastatin group. However, the concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol (%) were significantly higher in the PLE group than in the control group. The PLE supplement also significantly lowered the contents of hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride. In comparing fecal sterol contents, the PLE group saw a significant increase of both neutral and acidic sterol compared to the other groups. The PLE supplement significantly lowered plasma GOT and GPT activity, which ave indices of hepatic toxicity. Plasma TBARS concentration was significantly lower in the PLE group than in the control group, while hepatic TBARS level was not significantly different between the groups. In a comparison of hepatic antioxidant parameters, SOD, catalase and GSH-Px activity were significantly higher in the PLE group than in the control group. However, the PLE supplement significantly towered antioxidant enzyme activity in the erythrocyte. Furthermore, these results suggest that supplementation of PLE promoted the excretion of fecal sterols, thereby leading to decreased absorption of dietary cholesterol. In addition, PLE may play an important role in regulating antioxidative capacities by altering SOD and ChT activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1983

Lipids isolated from three barley samples were identified and quantitated by column, thin layer and gas liquid chromatographic techniques. These lipids were shown to consist of 69.3-73.1% neutral lipids, 9.6-16.5% glycolipids, and 14.2-17.9% phospholipids. Among the neutral lipids, triglycerides were predominant (54.2 to 55.7%) with smaller amounts of 1,2-diglycerides, 1,3-diglycerides, free sterols, free fatty acids, steryl esters, and three unknown being present. Among the glycolipids, digalactosyl diglycerides (31.3 to 33.2%) and monogalactosyl diglycerides (26.2 to 29.6%) were the most abundant. Esterified steryl glycosides, steryl glycosides, cerebrosides, sulfolipids, and an unknown component were present as minor components. Of the phosopholipids, phosphatidyl cholines and serines, lysophosphatidyl cholines, and phosphatidyl ethanolamines were the major components, comprising over 80% of this class. The major fatty acids in the total and the three lipid classes were palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. However, the neutral lipids fraction contained more oleic acid than other lipid fractions, and the phospholipids fraction contained more palmitic acid than the other lipid fractions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2007

Proteins and lipids not only provide a source of energy to the cell, but also play vital roles in modifying the physical properties and function of the biological membranes. In the present study, we investigated the biochemical constituents, viz. proteins and lipids, in growing oocytes of goat antral follicles during summer and winter seasons. Goat genitalia in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) were brought to the laboratory within one hour of slaughter under aseptic conditions at $37^{\circ}C$. Oocytes were aspirated from normal small (<3 mm in diameter) and large (>3 mm) follicles and pooled for biochemical estimations. A significant increase in the amount of protein and lipid was observed with the growth of the oocyte. The amount of protein varied non-significantly with the season, while the amount of lipid varied significantly. The amounts of phospholipid, cholesterol, free fatty acid, and triglyceride increased with the growth of the oocyte, but no significant effect of season in these constituents was observed. Lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, and sterols were the polar lipids identified in both oocytes prepared from small follicles (small oocytes) as well as large follicles (large oocytes). In addition, the small oocytes also contained phosphatidyl serine, while large oocytes contained phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate and phosphatidyl inositol. Among non-polar lipids, triglycerides and long chain alcohols appear only in small oocytes and not in large oocytes. Monoglycerides, 1,2-diglycerides, 1,3-diglycerides and o-dialkyl glycerol ethers, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, and wax esters were identified in both small and large oocytes. Information on biochemical composition of growing oocytes is relevant to oocyte and embryo competence, culture and cryopreservation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2013

Jujube is a functional food, containing medicinal ingredients without side effects. Jujube can relieve digestive upset, inhibit tumor growth and protect the liver. It includes sterols, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, organic acids, and amino acids. Jujube has also received attention as an anticancer agent and as a diet food. However, it is rare to find yogurt made with jujube, so we considered adding jujube powder to yogurt to popularize it as a new health food. We made yogurt with jujube powder at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%. We measured pH, acidity, color properties (brightness, redness, yellowness), viscosity, sensory qualities (color, flavor, taste, overall quality). We also experimented with storage stability at intervals of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. The results showed that pH increased significantly (p<0.001) with increasing amounts of added jujube powder. The pH also rose significantly with longer storage, but tended to decrease after 20 days. Acidity was reduced during the storage period. Viscosity was highest with 1% added jujube powder (p<0.001) on day 5 of storage (p<0.001). The L color value decreased as the amount of added jujube powder increased, whereas the a-value (redness) and b-value (yellowness) increased (p<0.001). In an sensory test, color in samples with 0, 1, and 2% jujube powder exhibited the highest values (p<0.01), but no significant differences in flavor or texture were observed. Sweetness and sourness were highest in the yogurt with 3% jujube powder (p<0.05). Overall quality tended to be higher for yogurt with 3% jujube powder, but the difference was in significant. Taken together, our results indicate that yogurt with 3% jujube powder may the most suitable for manufacturing purposes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.282-288
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• 2006

Activity-guided fractionations led to the isolation of antitumor compound, ergosterol peroxide ($5{\alpha},\;8{\alpha}-epideoxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,\;22-dien-3{\beta}-ol$) from the fruiting body of Pleuratus eryngii that was cultivated artificially. This sterol structure was established by using spectroscopic methods ($^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution mass spectra). The purified compound showed a molecular formular of $C_{28}H_{44}O_3$ displaying characteristic features of epidioxy sterols. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of ergosterol peroxide against human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human ovarian cell line (SK-OV3) were $7{\mu}M\;and\;14{\mu}M$, respectively. In the DNA fragmentation assay, the compound showed the programmed cell death causing the chromosomal DNA fragmentation. It reveals that ergosterol peroxide arrests G1 phase of the cell division cycle.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

To improve the utilization of fish processing by-products, fish oils were extracted from hoki, yellowfin sole, mackerel, and horse mackerel, and their compositions were examined. The proximate compositions obtained for these 4 species of by-product revealed they were composed of 68.1$\sim$78.1% moisture, 1.2$\sim$1.6% ash, and 13.8$\sim$18.8% protein. Fish oils extracted from the hoki, yellowfin sole, mackerel, and horse mackerel were 5.5, 9.4, 13.4, and 10.3%, respectively. The total lipids extracted from the by-products of the 4 species were 6.21, 10.43, 12.81 and 10.06%, of which neutral lipids accounted for 77.38, 77.46, 87.21 and 86.79%, respectively. Neutral lipid analysis by TLC showed that triacylglycerol was the major component, while 1,3- and 1,2-diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free sterols, and sterol esters were present as minor components. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. DHA and EPA were contained at levels of 0.2$\sim$4.7% and 3.7$\sim$9.5%, respectively, in the 4 types of fish oil. The fish oils extracted from the dark muscle fish, mackerel and horse mackerel, had greater polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than those of the white muscle fish species, hoki and yellowfin sole.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.273-277
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• 2006

Three stigmastane-type sterols and one ergostane-type sterol were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the aerial parts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (Sajuarissuk). From the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as $stigmasta-5,22-dien-3,{\beta}-ol (stigmasterol, 1),stigmast-5-en-3{\beta}-ol({\beta}-sitosterol,2), 5{\beta},8{\beta}-epidioxy-5{\beta},8{\beta}-ergosta-6,22-dien-3{\beta}-ol(ergosterol peroxide, 3),\;and\;{\beta}-sitosterol\;3-O-{\beta}D-glucopyranoside(daucosterol,4)$.