• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Recently, 3D stereoscopic display such as 3D stereoscopic cinemas and 3D stereoscopic TV is getting a lot of interest. In general, a stereo image can be used in 3D stereoscopic display. In other hands, for 3D auto stereoscopic display, the elemental images should be generated through visualization from every camera in a lens array. Since a lens array consists of several cameras, it takes a lot of time to generate the elemental images with respect to 3D virtual space, specially, if a large bio-medical volume data is in the 3D virtual space, it will take more time. In order to improve the problem, in this paper, we construct an octree for a given bio-medical volume data and then propose a method to generate the elemental images through efficient rendering of the Octree data using GPU. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain more improvement comparable than conventional one, but the development of more efficient method is required.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2010

Light Drawing is a photographic technique which exposures are made at night or in a darkened room usually by moving a hand-held light source[1]. Due to the limitations of equipment and environment, users having difficulty in drawing a picture in 3D space. If user take a light drawing, they need a camera that have function and darkened environment. Alternative solution is that we can make a light drawing picture by using the computer drawing tool as in Photoshop. Nevertheless, this solution will let the User lose their interest in drawing because this solution cannot synchronize between the real action of human hand motion and the electronic input devices such as mouse and keyboard. This paper proposed a digital content that can make light drawing easier. We used a digital content that will facility Light Drawing easier. We can measure the light spot position by using the stereo camera. Based on the measured position of the light spot, we reproduce light drawing in virtual space by using drawing effect method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.168-175
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• 2013

Color consistency in stereoscopic contents is important for 3D display systems. Even with a stereo camera of the same model and with the same hardware settings, complex color discrepancies occur when acquiring high quality stereo images. In this paper, we propose an integrated color matching method that use cumulative histogram in global matching and estimated 3D-distance for the stage of local matching. The distance between the current pixel and the target local region is computed using depth information and the spatial distance in the 2D image plane. The 3D-distance is then used to determine the similarity between the current pixel and the target local region. The overall algorithm is described as follow; First, the cumulative histogram matching is introduced for reducing global color discrepancies. Then, the proposed local color matching is established for reducing local discrepancies. Finally, a weight-based combination of global and local matching is computed. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm has improved global and local error correction performance for stereoscopic contents with respect to other approaches.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.13-23
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• 2009

One of the main purpose of multiple-view image processing technology is support realistic 3D image to device user by using multiple viewpoint display devices and compressed data restoration devices. This paper proposes a multiple view image synthesis scheme based on RAM disk which makes possible to browse 3D images generated by applying effective composing method to real time input stereo images. The proposed scheme first converts input images to binary image. We applies edge detection algorithm such as Sobel algorithm and Prewiit algorithm to find edges used to evaluate disparities from images of 4 multi-cameras. In addition, we make use of time interval between hardware trigger and software trigger to solve the synchronization problem which has stated ambiguously in related studies. We use a unique identifier on each snapshot of images for distributed environment. With respect of performance results, the proposed scheme takes 0.67 sec in each binary array. to transfer entire images which contains left and right side with disparity information for high quality 3D image browsing. We conclude that the proposed scheme is suitable for real time 3D applications.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

Depth information is necessary for various three dimensional contents generation. Depth acquisition techniques can be categorized broadly into two approaches: active, passive depth sensors depending on how to obtain depth information. In this paper, we take a look at several ways of depth acquirement. We present not only depth acquisition methods using discussed ways, but also hybrid methods which combine both approaches to compensate for drawbacks of each approach. Furthermore, we introduce several matching cost functions and post-processing techniques to enhance the temporal consistency and reduce flickering artifacts and discomforts of users caused by inaccurate depth estimation in 3D video.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2015

The depth information of an image is used in a variety of applications including 2D/3D conversion, multi-view extraction, modeling, depth keying, etc. There are various methods to acquire depth information, such as the method to use a stereo camera, the method to use the depth camera of flight time (TOF) method, the method to use 3D modeling software, the method to use 3D scanner and the method to use a structured light just like Microsoft's Kinect. In particular, the depth camera of TOF method measures the distance using infrared light, whereas TOF sensor depends on the sensitivity of optical light of an image sensor (CCD/CMOS). Thus, it is mandatory for the existing image sensors to get an infrared light image by bundling several pixels; these requirements generate a phenomenon to reduce the resolution of an image. This thesis proposed a measure to acquire a high-resolution image through gradual area movement while acquiring a low-resolution image through pixel bundling method. From this measure, one can obtain an effect of acquiring image information in which illumination intensity (lux) and resolution were improved without increasing the performance of an image sensor since the image resolution is not improved as resolving a low-illumination intensity (lux) in accordance with the gradual pixel bundling algorithm.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1003-1009
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• 2009

The Spatial Image contents of Geomorphology 3-D environment is focused by the requirement and importance in the fields such as, national land development plan, telecommunication facility management, railway construction, general construction engineering, Ubiquitous city development, safety and disaster prevention engineering. The currently used DEM system using contour lines, which embodies geographic information based on the 2-D digital maps and facility information has limitation in implementation in reproducing the 3-D spatial city. Moreover, this method often neglects the altitude of the rail way infrastructure which has narrow width and long length. This As the results, We confirmed the solutions of varieties application for railway facilities management using 3-D spatial image contents and database design. Also, I suggested that U-city using railway modeling about matching methods of high density elevation value using 3-D aerial photo with laser data are best approach for detail stereo modeling and simulation.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.684-694
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• 2012

In the underwater environment, light is absorbed and scattered by water and floating particles, which makes the underwater images suffer from color degradation and limited visibility. Physically, the amount of the scattered light transmitted to the image is proportional to the distance between the camera and the object. In this paper, the proposed visibility enhancement. method utilizes depth images to estimate the light transmission and the degradation factor by the scattered light. To recover the scatter-free images without unnatural artifacts, the proposed method normalizes the degradation factor based on the value of each pixel of the image. Finally, the scatter-free images are obtained by removing the scattered components on the image according to the estimated transmission. The proposed method also considers the color discrepancies of underwater stereo images so that the stereo images have the same color appearance after the visibility enhancement. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the color contrast more than 5% to 14% depending on the experimental images.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.261-268
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• 2006

A hologram is a three-dimensional image reproduced from a pattern of interference produced by a split coherent beam of radiation. Therefore not only can it express the three dimensional properties of the object, but because of it ability to show the depth and spatial properties of the object holograms may be a more effective tool in advertising for its visual appeal. This study presents 'hologram'a three dimensional stereo imaging, as the expression technique in advertising of the next generation, and with proper understanding of 'hologram' and of all its potential applications discusses opportunities for advertisements that are distinct from the multi media advertisements of today. The basic concept of Holograms and their application methods were presented in the thesis, and by using Sales Promotion advertisement as example, discussed what elements are required in order to produce an effective advertisement using holograms.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2018

Since the introduction of MP3 players, CD recordings have gradually been vanishing, and the music consuming environment of music users is shifting to mobile devices. The introduction of smart devices has increased the utilization of music through music playback, mass storage, and search functions that are integrated into smartphones and tablets. At the time of initial MP3 player supply, the bitrate of the compressed music contents generally was 128 Kbps. However, as increasing of the demand for high quality music, sound quality of 384 Kbps appeared. Recently, music content of FLAC (Free License Audio Codec) format using lossless compression method is becoming popular. The download service of many music sites in Korea has classified by unlimited download with technical protection and limited download without technical protection. Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology is used as a technical protection measure for unlimited download, but it can only be used with authenticated devices that have DRM installed. Even if music purchased by the user, it cannot be used by other devices. On the contrary, in the case of music that is limited in quantity but not technically protected, there is no way to enforce anyone who distributes it, and in the case of high quality music such as FLAC, the loss is greater. In this paper, the author proposes an audio watermarking technology for copyright protection of high quality stereo music. Two kinds of information, "Copyright" and "Copy_free", are generated by using the turbo code. The two watermarks are composed of 9 bytes (72 bits). If turbo code is applied for error correction, the amount of information to be inserted as 222 bits increases. The 222-bit watermark was expanded to 1024 bits to be robust against additional errors and finally used as a watermark to insert into stereo music. Turbo code is a way to recover raw data if the damaged amount is less than 15% even if part of the code is damaged due to attack of watermarked content. It can be extended to 1024 bits or it can find 222 bits from some damaged contents by increasing the probability, the watermark itself has made it more resistant to attack. The proposed algorithm uses quantization in DCT so that watermark can be detected efficiently and SNR can be improved when stereo music is converted into mono. As a result, on average SNR exceeded 40dB, resulting in sound quality improvements of over 10dB over traditional quantization methods. This is a very significant result because it means relatively 10 times improvement in sound quality. In addition, the sample length required for extracting the watermark can be extracted sufficiently if the length is shorter than 1 second, and the watermark can be completely extracted from music samples of less than one second in all of the MP3 compression having a bit rate of 128 Kbps. The conventional quantization method can extract the watermark with a length of only 1/10 compared to the case where the sampling of the 10-second length largely fails to extract the watermark. In this study, since the length of the watermark embedded into music is 72 bits, it provides sufficient capacity to embed necessary information for music. It is enough bits to identify the music distributed all over the world. 272 can identify $4*10^{21}$, so it can be used as an identifier and it can be used for copyright protection of high quality music service. The proposed algorithm can be used not only for high quality audio but also for development of watermarking algorithm in multimedia such as UHD (Ultra High Definition) TV and high-resolution image. In addition, with the development of digital devices, users are demanding high quality music in the music industry, and artificial intelligence assistant is coming along with high quality music and streaming service. The results of this study can be used to protect the rights of copyright holders in these industries.