• 산업공학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.268-279
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• 2003

This paper presents critical steps in building client/server application with UML and Visual Basic, which are derived from the implementation case of a typical order processing system. To begin with, we briefly review the software architecture, the diagrams and the object-oriened building process in the UML. In the inception phase, it is critical to define the project charter, to draw use case diagrams, and to construct a preliminary architecture of the application. In the elaboration phase, it is critical to identify classes to be displayed in the class diagram, to develop user interface prototypes for each use case, to construct sequence diagram for each use case, and finally to design an implementation architecture. Steps to construct implementation architecture are given. In the construction phase, it is critical to design both the database and components. Steps to design these components are described in detail. Additionally the way to create the Internet interface is suggested.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권12호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1996

The electrochemical spike oscillations at the nickel (Ni) electrode/(0.05M KHC$_{8}$H$_{4}$O$_{4}$) buffer solution (pH 9) interface have been studied using voltammetric and chronoamperometric methods. The nature of the periodic cathodic current spikes is the activation controlled currents due to the hydrogen evolution reaction and depends onthe fractioanl surface coverage of the adsorbed hydrogen intermediate or the cathodic potential. There is two kinds of the waveforms corresponding to two kinds of the cathodic current spike oscillations. The widths, periods, and amplitudes of the cathodic current spikes are 4 ms or 5ms, 151 ms or 302 ms, and < 30 mA or < 275 mA, respectively. The fast discharge and recombination reaction steps are 1.5 times and twice and faster than the slow discharge and recombination reaction steps. The fast and slow discharge and recombination reaction steps are 1.5 times and twice faster than the slow discharge and recombination reaction steps. The fast and slow discharge and recombination reactions corresponding to the fast and slow adsorption sites at the Ni cathode.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.166-169
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• 2001

6H-SiC bulk crystals were grown by sublimation method with different conditions in term of gaseous pressures ad source temperatures. In order to optimize the growth rate, pressure at growth period and source and substrate temperatures were investigated as experimental variables. the results were compared with each other and finally the optimum growth conditions were discussed. Furthermore the relation of the growth steps and defects formation was evaluates in the point of reducing the micropipes. Subsequently the growth steps and defects formation was evaluated in the point of reducing the micropipes. Subsequently the growth steps were observed leading to the lower step height with the lower growth rate.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2010

The general function of a multilevel converter is to synthesize a desired output voltage from several levels of dc voltages as inputs. In order to increase the steps in the output voltage, a new topology is recommended in [1], which benefits from a series connection of sub-multilevel converters. In the procedure described in this reference, despite all the advantages, it is not possible to produce all the steps (odd and even) in the output. In addition, for producing an output voltage with a constant number of steps, there are different configurations with a different number of components. In this paper, the optimal structures for this topology are investigated for various objectives such as minimum number of switches and dc voltage sources and minimum standing voltage on the switches for producing the maximum output voltage steps. Two new algorithms for determining the dc voltage sources magnitudes have been proposed. Finally, in order to verify the theoretical issues, simulation and experimental results for a 49-level converter with a maximum output voltage of 200V are presented.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2019

Corner cut, corner chamfered or a building shape change are adopted in the design of tall buildings to achieve aerodynamic superiority as well as response reduction. Kikuchi et.al pointed out that large negative peak external pressures can appear near the inside corner of set-back low rise buildings. It is therefore necessary to pay attention to facade design around steps in building surfaces. Peak wind pressures for corner cut or corner chamfered configurations are given in the AIJ code. However, they cannot be applied where there are many variations of vertical and horizontal steps. There has been no previous systematic research on peak wind pressures around steps in building surfaces. In this study, detailed phenomenon of peak wind pressures around steps in buildings are investigated focusing on vertical and horizontal distances from the building's corner.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.257-280
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• 2016

본 연구는 과학영재 학생들에게 3단계 마인드맵 활동이라는 학습 방법을 천문내용을 중심으로 개발하여 적용해 봄으로써 그들의 시스템 사고가 어떻게 향상되었는지를 분석한 것이다. 2번의 사전연구를 거친 후, 6학년 9명 학생을 대상으로 시스템 사고의 향상 정도를 마인드맵과 인과지도 및 학생들의 면담 내용을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 3단계 마인드맵 활동을 경험한 실험집단 학생들의 인과지도 내용이 통제집단에 비해 훨씬 복잡하고 다양하게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발하여 적용한 3단계 마인드맵 활동은 과학영재 학생들의 시스템 사고 향상을 위한 대안으로서의 가치가 있다고 생각한다. 이 연구를 통해 3단계 마인드맵 활동은 과학영재 학생들의 배경지식 활성화 및 사고의 체계화를 유도함으로써 과학영재 학생들의 시스템 사고를 향상시키는 대안이 될 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 이를 적극적으로 활용한다면 과학영재 학생들의 시스템 사고를 향상시켜 창의적 문제 해결력을 향상시키는 인재 육성에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2002

This study was conducted to compare families eating-out behavior in relation to family life cycle in order to provide basic information on nutritional education about eating-out. The data were collected by the survey method from 440 families who lived in apartment complexes in Kyong-ju and Seoul. The structured questionnaire included items about the frequency of eating out, the choice of eating-out menus, the decision maker of the eating-out process, the attitudes toward eating out and the general characteristics of the families. The major results are as follow: 1) In the cafe of telephone delivery service, and eat-in restaurants, the subjects showed statistical significance (p < 0.01). With respect to telephone delivery service, families in Step II used it most frequently, but families in Step I rarely used it. With respect to eat-in restaurants, families in Step II used them most frequently but families in Step IV rarely used them. 2) In all the family life cycle steps, the most favorable menu was fried chicken for take-out type, Chajang noodles, fried chicken and pizza fur telephone delivery, pizza for internet delivery, raw fish and beef for eat-in restaurant, Docbokki, laver rolled rice and ramyun for convenience flood stores. 3) The wife was most influential in making decisions about the take-out type (p < 0.001). In the case of telephone deliveries (p < 0.001), the wife was the most influential in the families of Steps I and II, but the children were the most influential in the families of Steps III and IV. In the case of eat-in restaurants (p < 0.001), the husband had the most effect on the decision-making process. In the case of convenience flood stores (p < 0.001), the children were the most influential in the families in Steps III and IV. In most family life cycle steps, each of them chose their own meal. 4) from a factor analysis perspective, attitudes toward eating out have been grouped according to two factors, namely 'Advantage' and 'Nutrition'. No factor showed a significant difference among the family life cycle steps.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy expenditure and investigate the relationship between related variables of 57 dieticians in Youngdong-area. The average daily number of steps was found to be 9358.0$\pm$2714.3 steps/day on weekdays and 7862.9$\pm$2504.9 steps/day during weekends. Hourly step rates on weekdays and weekends came to 570.6$\pm$249.8 steps/hr and 564.0$\pm$224.8 steps/hr, respectively. Activity coefficient of subjects was higher on weekdays (1.56) than weekends (1.51, p<0.05). Resting energy expenditure estimated by the Harris-Benedict formula, WHO/NAO/FAO formula as well as formulas based on body surface area and DRIs (Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans) were calculated to be 1333.7$\pm$89.5kcal/day, 1351.0$\pm$123.3kcal/day, 1388.5$\pm$100.3kcal/day and 1295.9$\pm$90.8kcal/day, respectively. Using these resting energy expenditures and the activity coefficients, daily energy expenditures were calculated to be from 2039.7kcal/day to 2183.5kcal/day on weekdays and from 2016.1kcal/day to 2159.2kcal/day on weekends. Meanwhile energy intakes of subjects on weekdays and weekends were 1594.7$\pm$698.3kcal and 2152.9$\pm$768.0kcal, respectively. The activity coefficient (1.49) of dieticians who managed less than 500 meals per day was significantly lower than that of dieticians who served more than 500 meals per day. Dieticians of schools located in rural areas had higher activity coefficient (1.59) than those of schools located in urban or island settings. These results suggest that work analysis and development of management strategies are necessary to improve dieticians' productivity.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.897-904
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• 2015

Objective To investigate differences in plantar pressure distribution between a normal gait and unpredictable slip events to predict the initiation of the slipping process. Methods Eleven male participants were enrolled. Subjects walked onto a wooden tile, and two layers of oily vinyl sheet were placed on the expected spot of the 4th step to induce a slip. An insole pressure-measuring system was used to monitor plantar pressure distribution. This system measured plantar pressure in four regions (the toes, metatarsal head, arch, and heel) for three events: the step during normal gait; the recovered step, when the subject recovered from a slip; and the uncorrected, harmful slipped step. Four variables were analyzed: peak pressure (PP), contact time (CT), the pressure-time integral (PTI), and the instant of peak pressure (IPP). Results The plantar pressure pattern in the heel was unique, as compared with other parts of the sole. In the heel, PP, CT, and PTI values were high in slipped and recovered steps compared with normal steps. The IPP differed markedly among the three steps. The IPPs in the heel for the three events were, in descending order (from latest to earliest), slipped, recovered, and normal steps, whereas in the other regions the order was normal, recovered, and slipped steps. Finally, the metatarsal head-to-heel IPP ratios for the normal, recovered, and slipped steps were $6.1{\pm}2.9$, $3.1{\pm}3.0$, and $2.2{\pm}2.5$, respectively. Conclusion A distinctive plantar pressure pattern in the heel might be useful for early detection of a slip event to prevent slip-related injuries.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2011

The laver has been cultivated long time ago by Korea and Japan. Korean Laver Industry has been influenced by Japan on the many factors since 20th. Nevertheless now the both country showed widening disparities across the aspect of total Laver Industry each other. The development steps of Korea and Japan Laver Industry have been advanced differently. That is, we can keep the Laver Industry development steps of both countries separate by 4 steps. But insignificant of every step against both countries has been dissimilar. We can separate from 4 steps in Korea, 1 step is origin period from beginning of laver cultivation to 1961. Next step is First Development period from 1962 to 1978. This period come out production increase from about 10,000 tons early 1960 to 50,000 tons late 1970. Next step is Second Development period from 1979 to 2000. This period come out eminent production increase from about 50,000 tons early 1980 to 200,000 tons late 1990. Next step is Stabilization period from 2001 to now. This period come out production control the size of its production and enlargement of Laver Export. We can also separate from 4 steps in Japan, 1 step is origin period from beginning of laver cultivation to 1944. Next step is Development period from 1945 to 1975. This period come out production increase from about 4 billion sheets early 1960 to 8.5 billion sheets 1975. Next step is Peak period from 1976 to 1982. This period come out sustainable production peak by 6~8 billion sheets and high price. Next step is Decline period from 1983 to now. This period come out production control the size of its production and sustainable price down. These differences showed out facing problems of Korean and Japanese Laver Industry differently. In case of Korea, the facing problems show out 3. First is structural problem, for example, trouble between original laver producer and the finished producer by dry laver products. Second is Insufficiency of Plants Protection System. Third is low quality of Laver. In case of Japan, the facing problems also show out 3. First is sustainable decrease of laver consumption. Second is change of mind against laver, for example, the change of the propensity to consume, and decrease of brand power. Third is Influence of global system. The difference of development steps of Korea and Japan Laver Industry show out 2 point of view to us. First we need consider positive strategy against laver production system of enlargement. Second, we need consider separate strategy against high quality laver and low quality laver.