원격탐사 및 시뮬레이션의 열지도 구축을 위한 공간정보 활용 효율화 연구 (A Study on the Efficient Utilization of Spatial Data for Heat Mapping with Remote Sensing and Simulation)
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- 대한원격탐사학회지
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- 제36권6_1호
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- pp.1421-1434
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- 2020
기후변화로 인해 폭염 발생 빈도 및 강도가 심해지고 있다. 도시지역은 도시열섬현상과 맞물려 폭염에 의한 피해가 더욱 심하기 때문에 면밀한 대비가 필요하다. 국외 많은 지자체에서는 폭염 대비 및 대책을 위해 다양한 공간정보를 이용하여, 열 지도를 구축 및 도시 내 서로 다른 공간적 특징을 가지는 지역별 적합한 폭염 대책을 세워 대비를 하고 있다. 열지도 구축은 폭염 대비를 위해 우선적으로 수행되어야 할 단계이며 중요하다. 열지도 구축 및 열 환경 분석 사례는 넓은 면적을 가지는 도시단위부터 좁은 면적을 가지는 지역단위까지 다양한 면적 분포를 가진다. 열지도 구축 방법은 원격탐사를 통한 방법부터 시뮬레이션을 활용하는 방까지 다양하지만, 공간적 규모에 따른 차별화된 공간정보 활용 기준은 잡혀져 있지 않아 연구자마다 각기 다른 방법을 통해 열 지도를 구축 및 열 환경을 분석하고 있다. 전술된 사유로 인해 분석 규모에 적합한 열지도 구축에 필요한 공간정보 기준이 수립될 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 도시 열지도 구축을 위해 활용되는 공간정보 활용 효율화 방안을 제시하기 위해 국내외 폭염 및 도시 열 환경 분석 연구를 공간정보, 분석방법론, 최종결과물을 살펴보았다. 분석결과 공간정보 활용에 있어서는 원격탐사를 활용한 열지도 구축을 위해서는 기본 해상도인 공간, 시간, 분광해상도가 필요한 것으로 파악되었다. 시뮬레이션은 구동을 위한 입력 조건 정보인 기상데이터의 종류와 공간해상도가 분석 대상지의 규모별 상이함이 있음이 파악되었다. 따라서 원격탐사를 활용한 열지도의 경우는 공간·분광·시간 해상도를 고려해야 하며, 시뮬레이션은 구동을 위한 입력 조건인 공간해상도와 입력하는 기상정보의 조건을 사전에 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 폭염 분석을 위한 모니터링 요소의 종류를 파악한 결과 토지피복, 도시 공간적 특징, 건축물, 지형, 식생, 그림자 관련 19가지 요소 종류를 파악했으며 규모별 요소의 종류가 차이가 있는 것이 파악되었다. 본 연구를 통해 폭염 분석 시, 수행하려는 연구 대상지의 면적 규모에 적합한 공간정보 활용 및 모니터링 요소 설정에 있어 연구의 방향을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
본 연구의 목적은 모바일에 기반한 금융플랫폼의 특성이 대출서비스 이용자의 사용의도에 어떠한 영향관계가 있는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 또한 모바일 금융플랫폼의 각 특성이 대출서비스 사용의도에 미치는 영향관계에서 유용성과 사용 용이성이 매개효과가 있는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 자료수집은 2022년 3월 1일부터 4월 30일까지 설문조사를 하였고, 연구대상자는 200명이 참여하였다. 분석방법은 빈도분석, 탐색적요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석, 3단계 매개회귀분석을 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 금융플랫폼의 사용자 요인, 기술적 요인, 환경적 요인이 모바일을 활용한 대출서비스 사용의도에 미치는 영향력은 사용자 요인에서 편재성, 기술적 요인에서 신뢰성, 환경적 요인에서 촉진조건으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사용자 요인의 편의성과 사용의도의 관계에서 유용성은 완전매개 효과가 나타났다. 셋째, 기술적 요인의 신뢰성과 사용의도의 관계에서 유용성은 부분매개효과가 나타났다. 넷째, 환경적 요인의 사회적 영향 및 촉진조건과 사용의도의 관계에서 유용성은 부분매개효과가 나타났다. 다섯째, 사용자 요인의 편의성과 사용의도의 관계에서 사용 용이성은 완전매개효과가 나타났다. 여섯째, 기술적 요인의 신뢰성과 사용의도의 관계에서 사용 용이성은 부분매개효과가 나타났다. 일곱째, 환경적 요인의 사회적영향과 사용의도의 관계에서 사용 용이성은 부분매개효과가 나타났고, 촉진조건과 사용의도의 관계에서 사용 용이성은 완전매개효과가 나타났다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 모바일을 이용한 대출서비스를 이용함에 있어 사용자가 수용할 수 있는 사용의도 결정요인에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다.
경제성장과 산업 발전에 따라 반도체 제품부터 SMT 제품, 전기 배터리 제품에 이르기 까지 많은 전자통신 부품들의 제조과정에서 발생하는 철, 알루미늄, 플라스틱 등의 이물질로 인해 제품이 제대로 동작하지 않거나, 전기 배터리의 경우 화재를 발생하는 문제까지 심각한 문제로 이어질 가능성이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 초음파나 X-ray를 이용한 비파괴 방법으로 제품 내부에 이물질이 있는지 판단하여 문제의 발생을 차단하고 있으나, X-ray 영상을 취득하여 이물질이 있는지 판정하는 데에도 여러 한계점이 존재한다. 특히. 크기가 작거나 밀도가 낮은 이물질들은 X-Ray장비로 촬영을 하여도 보이지 않는 문제점이 있고, 잡음 등으로 인해 이물들이 잘 안 보이는 경우가 있으며, 특히 높은 생산성을 가지기 위해서는 빠른 검사속도가 필요한데, 이 경우 X-ray 촬영시간이 짧아지게 되면 신호 대비 잡음비율(SNR)이 낮아지면서 이물 탐지 성능이 크게 저하되는 문제를 가진다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 저화질로 인해 이물질을 탐지하기 어려운 한계를 극복하기 위한 5단계 방안을 제안한다. 첫번째로, Global 히스토그램 최적화를 통해 X-Ray영상의 대비를 향상시키고, 두 번째로 고주파 영역 신호의 구분력을 강화하기 위하여 Local contrast기법을 적용하며, 세 번째로 Edge 선명도 향상을 위해 Unsharp masking을 통해 경계선을 강화하여 객체가 잘 구분되도록 한다, 네 번째로, 잡음 제거 및 영상향상을 위해 Resdual Dense Block(RDB)의 초고해상화 방법을 제안하며, 마지막으로 Yolov5 알고리즘을 이용하여 이물질을 학습한 후 탐지한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방식을 이용하여 실험한 결과, 저밀도 영상 대비 정밀도 등의 평가기준에서 10%이상의 성능이 향상된다.
The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of thermal injury to bone tissues during an implant site preparation under the same condition as a typical clinical practice of
UGC(User Generated Contents) is emerging as the center of e-business in the web 2.0 era. The trend reflects changing roles of users in production and consumption of contents on websites and helps us to understand new strategies of websites such as web portals and social network websites. Nowadays, we consume contents created by other non-professional users for both utilitarian (e.g., knowledge) and hedonic values (e.g., fun). Also, contents produced by ourselves (e.g., photo, video) are posted on websites so that our friends, family, and even the public can consume those contents. This means that non-professionals, who used to be passive audience in the past, are now creating contents and share their UGCs with others in the Web. Accessible media, tools, and applications have also reduced difficulty and complexity in the process of creating contents. Realizing that users create plenty of materials which are very interesting to other people, media companies (i.e., web portals and social networking websites) are adjusting their strategies and business models accordingly. Increased demand of UGC may lead to website visits which are the source of benefits from advertising. Therefore, they put more efforts into making their websites open platforms where UGCs can be created and shared among users without technical and methodological difficulties. Many websites have increasingly adopted new technologies such as RSS and openAPI. Some have even changed the structure of web pages so that UGC can be seen several times to more visitors. This mainstream of UGCs on websites indicates that acquiring more UGCs and supporting participating users have become important things to media companies. Although those companies need to understand why general users have shown increasing interest in creating and posting contents and what is important to them in the process of productions, few research results exist in this area to address these issues. Also, behavioral process in creating video UGCs has not been explored enough for the public to fully understand it. With a solid theoretical background (i.e., theory of implementation intentions), parts of our proposed research model mirror the process of user behaviors in creating video contents, which consist of intention to upload, intention to edit, edit, and upload. In addition, in order to explain how those behavioral intentions are developed, we investigated influences of antecedents from three motivational perspectives (i.e., intrinsic, editing software-oriented, and website's network effect-oriented). First, from the intrinsic motivation perspective, we studied the roles of self-expression, enjoyment, and social attention in forming intention to edit with preferred editing software or in forming intention to upload video contents to preferred websites. Second, we explored the roles of editing software for non-professionals to edit video contents, in terms of how it makes production process easier and how it is useful in the process. Finally, from the website characteristic-oriented perspective, we investigated the role of a website's network externality as an antecedent of users' intention to upload to preferred websites. The rationale is that posting UGCs on websites are basically social-oriented behaviors; thus, users prefer a website with the high level of network externality for contents uploading. This study adopted a longitudinal research design; we emailed recipients twice with different questionnaires. Guided by invitation email including a link to web survey page, respondents answered most of questions except edit and upload at the first survey. They were asked to provide information about UGC editing software they mainly used and preferred website to upload edited contents, and then asked to answer related questions. For example, before answering questions regarding network externality, they individually had to declare the name of the website to which they would be willing to upload. At the end of the first survey, we asked if they agreed to participate in the corresponding survey in a month. During twenty days, 333 complete responses were gathered in the first survey. One month later, we emailed those recipients to ask for participation in the second survey. 185 of the 333 recipients (about 56 percentages) answered in the second survey. Personalized questionnaires were provided for them to remind the names of editing software and website that they reported in the first survey. They answered the degree of editing with the software and the degree of uploading video contents to the website for the past one month. To all recipients of the two surveys, exchange tickets for books (about 5,000~10,000 Korean Won) were provided according to the frequency of participations. PLS analysis shows that user behaviors in creating video contents are well explained by the theory of implementation intentions. In fact, intention to upload significantly influences intention to edit in the process of accomplishing the goal behavior, upload. These relationships show the behavioral process that has been unclear in users' creating video contents for uploading and also highlight important roles of editing in the process. Regarding the intrinsic motivations, the results illustrated that users are likely to edit their own video contents in order to express their own intrinsic traits such as thoughts and feelings. Also, their intention to upload contents in preferred website is formed because they want to attract much attention from others through contents reflecting themselves. This result well corresponds to the roles of the website characteristic, namely, network externality. Based on the PLS results, the network effect of a website has significant influence on users' intention to upload to the preferred website. This indicates that users with social attention motivations are likely to upload their video UGCs to a website whose network size is big enough to realize their motivations easily. Finally, regarding editing software characteristic-oriented motivations, making exclusively-provided editing software more user-friendly (i.e., easy of use, usefulness) plays an important role in leading to users' intention to edit. Our research contributes to both academic scholars and professionals. For researchers, our results show that the theory of implementation intentions is well applied to the video UGC context and very useful to explain the relationship between implementation intentions and goal behaviors. With the theory, this study theoretically and empirically confirmed that editing is a different and important behavior from uploading behavior, and we tested the behavioral process of ordinary users in creating video UGCs, focusing on significant motivational factors in each step. In addition, parts of our research model are also rooted in the solid theoretical background such as the technology acceptance model and the theory of network externality to explain the effects of UGC-related motivations. For practitioners, our results suggest that media companies need to restructure their websites so that users' needs for social interaction through UGC (e.g., self-expression, social attention) are well met. Also, we emphasize strategic importance of the network size of websites in leading non-professionals to upload video contents to the websites. Those websites need to find a way to utilize the network effects for acquiring more UGCs. Finally, we suggest that some ways to improve editing software be considered as a way to increase edit behavior which is a very important process leading to UGC uploading.
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70