• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1252-1257
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• 2011

Number of crop residues generated at large amount in agriculture can be utilized as substrate in methane production by anaerobic digestion. Greenhouse vegetable crop cultivation that adopting intensive agricultural system require the heating energy during winter season, meanwhile produce waste biomass source for the methane production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methane production potential of greenhouse vegetable crop residues and to estimate material and energy yield in greenhouse system. Cucumber, tomato, and paprika as greenhouse vegetable crop were used in this study. Fallen fruit, leaf, and stem residues were collected at harvesting period from the farmhouses (Anseong, Gyeonggi, Korea) adopting an intensive greenhouse cultivation system. Also the amount of fallen vegetables and plant residues, and planting density of each vegetable crop were investigated. Chemical properties of vegetable waste biomass were determined, and theoretical methane potentials were calculated using Buswell's formula from the element analysis data. Also, BMP (Biochemical methane potential) assay was carried out for each vegetable waste biomass in mesophilic temperature ($38^{\circ}C$). Theoretical methane potential ($B_{th}$) and Ultimate methane potential ($B_u$) off stem, leaf, and fallen fruit in vegetable residues showed the range of $0.352{\sim}0.485Nm^3\;kg^{-1}VS_{added}$ and $0.136{\sim}0.354Nm^3\;kg^{-1}VS_{added}$ respectively. The biomass yields of residues of tomato, cucumber, and paprika were 28.3, 30.5, and $21.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. The methane yields of tomato, cucumber, and paprika residues showed 645.0, 782.5, and $686.8Nm^3\;ha^{-1}$. Methane yield ($Nm^3\;ha^{-1}$) of crop residue may be highly influenced by biomass yield which is mainly affected by planting density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2017

Chlorogenic acid, a well-known polyphenol, and its derivatives, ester of caffeic acid on quinic acid moiety, are abundant in coffee, tea, fruits, and various vegetables. This study examined the effects of cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA) on osteoblast differentiation. CCA-induced mRNA expression levels of osteogenic genes in MC3T3E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells were determined by RT-PCR and qPCR. CCA regulated expression of key osteogenic genes in the early stage of differentiation, including distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (Id1), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). These results suggest that CCA may enhance osteoblast differentiation through expression of osteogenic genes such as Id1, Dlx5, and Runx2, especially in the early stage.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

The analytical method for bifenazate was developed using a HPLC (UVD). Also, analytical condition of LC/MS was set up for bifenazate. We validated the method for the precision and the reproducibility. The correlation coefficient of bifenazate ranged from 0.05 to 2.5 mg/kg was 1.0. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg. To measure recoveries from agricultural products such as foxtail millet (cereal grains), kidney bean (beans), orange (fruits), perilla leaves (vegetables) and oak mushroom (mushrooms), bifenazate was spiked. Mean recoveries of bifenazate for each sample were 82.7~104.1% at the level of 0.1 mg/kg and 73.1~104.3% at the level of 0.5 mg/kg. The relative standard deviations (n=3) were 0.2~9.7%. Pesticide residues for bifenazate were investigated in 16 commodities (rice, foxtail millet, buckwheat, kidney bean, peanut, sesame, orange, grapefruit, kiwifruit, spinach, perilla leaves, leek, garlic stem, garlic, ginger and oak mushroom) collected from 22 provinces in 2009. Bifenazate was analyzed using analytical method by HPLC from 304 samples, and residue was not detected.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2001

During the growth of fruit vegetables such as pepper, cucumber and tomato, there are light deficiency under the plant canopy. This study was conducted to clarify the effect of light diffusion film on the stem growth, canopy, flowering and fruiting of green pepper in greenhouse. The transmittance of total solar radiation into greenhouse under woven and double films were 90% and 75% of polyethylene film. And the transmittance of photosynthetically active radiation into greenhouse under woven and double films were 96% and 81% of polyethylene film. However, the light diffusions under woven, double and polyethylene films were 46%, 31% and 9%, respectively. The plant height under polyethylene film covered greenhouse was 96.9% cm, taller than those under woven and double films by 6.5, 13.9 cm. And the third node length under woven film covered greenhouse was 8.6 cm, shorter than those under double and polyethylene films by 2.5, 5.7 cm. Also the first branch angle under woven film covered greenhouse was 61.0$^{\circ}$, larger than those under double and polyethylene films by 2.3, 10.3$^{\circ}$. But there was no clear difference in the node numbers among the covering materials. The rate of curved and sterile fruit under woven film covered greenhouse was smaller than those under double and polyethylene films by 4.6, 5.5% and 1.2, 3.6%. But the contents of vitamin C showed no difference among the covering materials and plant densities.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects on the over-growth inhibition of fruit vegetables (tomato, cucumber, and hot pepper) seedling by the treatment of triazole-typechemicals and to select the most effective chemicals for the over-growth inhibition, and to investigate suitabla concentration treatment and times of the newly selected chemical. The triazole-type chemicals inhibited stem height more, the more the concentration is increased in any crops. The diniconazole showed the highest dwarfing ration, and the tebuconazole and hexaconazole are also good for dwarfing ratio. The diniconazole decreased the plant height of cucumber, tomato, and hot pepper as the concentration is increased. In cucumber, thc dwarfing ratio was 30% in the 5 mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment, and was 60% in thc l00 mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment. In tomato and hot pepper, the dwarfing ratio was 30% in the 25 mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment in any times. In diniconazole treatment, the cucumber and tomato should have 5 mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ at the lst growth stage and the hot pepper should have 5 mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ at the 2nd growth stage to obtain good seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.293-297
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• 2012

A new asiatic lily cultivar 'Point' was derived from a cross between $Lilium$ $concolor$ var. $partheneion$ and 97-5 with orange colored petals made in 2000. The selection and the survey for the flower characteristics were conducted from 2005 to 2008 by using vinyl tunnels and greenhouse at Highland Agriculture Research Center, NICS, RDA. Based on flower color, 'Point' cultivar belongs to orange red group (O-R N30C). There was lots of spots in petal. The flowers had brown stigma and dark brown pollen. The stem color was dark purple. The flowering date was July 8. The plant height was 88.2 cm and flower numbers were 5.4 ea. The length and width of petal were 6.3 cm and 3.2 cm, respectively. The flower size was smaller than that of 'Prato' cultivar. The number of leaves was 12.2 ea. The length and width of leaves were 9.2 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively. The weight and circumference of bulb were about 24.6 g and 11.6 cm, respectively. 'Point' cultivar had resistance to bulb rot disease. The flowering duration was 16.1 days. The preference was good to 4.1 on 5 grades. 'Point' cultivar was registered as a new variety with No. 3446 in Korea Seed and Variety Service on April 2011.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.515-523
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• 2012

Recent development and enlargement of reclaimed lands along the sea shores required to explore alternatives to existing crops, which are suitable to grow well and to declare higher profits. The objectives of this study were to investigate yield-related parameters for development of new leafy vegetables, and to screen some candidates among New Zealand spinach genotypes which were collected in Korea. Initially all the collected genotypes were grown for 7 weeks in a greenhouse of the experiment field in Chungnam National University, and then transplanted into the field to measure morphological or physiological parameters (plant height, branch number, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and maximum canopy diameter), and yield-related parameters (leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight and dry weight). Those parameters were quantitatively measured at 1, 5 or 9 weeks after transplanting (WAT). Parameters exhibiting statistically significant difference among the accessions were plant height, branch number, maximum canopy diameter, chlorophyll content, and leaf length. In contrast to highly correlated parameters with fresh and dry weight obtained in salt-affected soil in the earlier report, fresh weight was correlated significantly with leaf length (r=0.72), leaf width (r=0.64), and canopy diameter(r=0.66), while dry weight was correlated significantly with plant height (r=0.46), leaf length (r=0.72), leaf width (r=0.73), fresh weight (r=0.79), chlorophyll content (r=0.47), and canopy diameter (r=0.87). Based on the significantly correlated with yield parameters, the candidate accessions which were ranked in top statistical groups include CNU06A01, CNU06A13, CNU06A26, CNU06A35, CNU06A38, and CNU06A55. In order to be cultivated in reclaimed lands, it is necessary to screen out salt tolerant accessions among the above high-yielding genotypes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2009

Waste nutrient solution (WNS) that composed of nutrient solution of horticultural research institute in Japan and used for culture tomato in perlite hydroponics showed $1.9{\sim}2.4$ dS/m of EC and $5.5{\sim}7.1$ of pH. Although $NH_{4}^+$-N concentration of WNS decreased remarkably, the others did not change significantly as compared with supplied solution. The growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were increased as amount of compost was increased in 1 L WNS supply treatment. But there was not any regular tendency on growth characteristics in 2 L/plant WNS supply treatment. The chlorophyll content of tomato leaf was highest in I L/plant WNS supply and 4,000 kg/10a compost treatment. The fresh and dry weight, and yield of tomato fruit also increased with increase of amount of WNS and compost, and they were highest in 1 L WNS supply and 4,000 kg/10a compost treatment. The sugar content of tomato fruits was not influenced by amount of WNS and compost, fructose and glucose and total sugar was highest in 2 L/plant WNS supply and 2,000 kg/10a compost treatment. Therefore fertigation culture used WNS is environmentally friendly and can guarantee yield and quality of tomato fruits and growth of tomato plants.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.648-661
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• 2018

Purpose: Pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy in pollinosis patients caused by raw fruits and vegetables and is the most common food allergy in adults. However, there has been no nationwide study on PFAS in Korea. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of PFAS in Korea. Methods: Twenty-two investigators participated in this study, in which patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or bronchial asthma with pollen allergy were enrolled. The questionnaires included demographic characteristics, a list of fruits and vegetables, and clinical manifestations of food allergy. Pollen allergy was diagnosed by skin prick test and/or measurement of the serum level of specific IgE. Results: A total of 648 pollinosis patients were enrolled. The prevalence of PFAS was 41.7% (n = 270). PFAS patients exhibited cutaneous (43.0%), respiratory (20.0%), cardiovascular (3.7%) or neurologic symptoms (4.8%) in addition to oropharyngeal symptoms. Anaphylaxis was noted in 8.9% of the PFAS patients. Seventy types of foods were linked to PFAS; e.g., peach (48.5%), apple (46.7%), kiwi (30.4%), peanut (17.4%), plum (16.3%), chestnut (14.8%), pineapple (13.7%), walnut (14.1%), Korean melon (12.6%), tomato (11.9%), melon (11.5%) and apricot (10.7%). Korean foods such as taro/taro stem (8.9%), ginseong (8.2%), perilla leaf (4.4%), bellflower root (4.4%), crown daisy (3.0%), deodeok (3.3%), kudzu root (3.0%) and lotus root (2.6%) were also linked to PFAS. Conclusions: This was the first nationwide study of PFAS in Korea. The prevalence of PFAS was 41.7%, and 8.9% of the PFAS patients had anaphylaxis. These results will provide clinically useful information to physicians.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2005

This study was carried out to develop a novel hydroponic medium far fruit vegetable crops by using waste synthetic fibers. In physical analysis of the synthetic fiber medium (SFM), the bulk density and percent solid phase were lower, while the porosity and water content were greater in comparison with the rockwool slab. The SFM had pH of 6.5 and EC of $0.03dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ both of which are similar to those of the rockwool slab. The CEC of 0.39me/100mL of the SFM was lower than compared with 3.29me/100mL of the rockwool slab. However, concentrations K, Ca, Mg and Na were slightly higher in the SFM than those in the rockwool slab. The 'Momotaro' tomato crop in the SFM gave comparable plant height, stem diameter, days to first flowering, fruit weight and percent marketable yield as the rockwool slab. In the SFM and in the rockwool slab, mean fiuit weight were 182g and 181g, percent marketable yield were $93.8\%$ and $92.0\%$, respectively. The marketable yield per 10a in the SFM was 12,799 kg, which was $97\%$ of that in the rockwool slab. Growth parameters such as leaf length and width, leaf number, stem diameter and chlorophyll content of an exportable cucumber crop grown in the SFM and the rockwool slab were not different. Fruit weight was greater in the rockwool slab, while percent marketable yield was greater in the SFM. The marketable fruit yield per 10a of 5,062kg in the SFM was $2\%$ greater than that in the rockwool slab. $NO_3$ concentration in nutrient solution during the crop cultivation was higher in the SFM than in the rockwool slab, while concentrations $NH_4$, K, Ca, Mg and $SO_4$ were not different between the two media.