• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1447-1460
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• 2009

Myogenic satellite cells have been isolated and identified by several recently elucidated molecular markers. Furthermore, knowledge about the precise function of these markers has provided insight into the early and terminal events of satellite cells during proliferation, differentiation, transdifferentiation, specification and activation. Recently, quiescent myogenic satellite cells have been associated with possession of Pax 3 and 7 that represent pluripotent stem cells capable of differentiating into other lineages. However, the mechanism by which myogenic satellite cells attain pluripotent potential remain elusive. Later, transdifferentiating ability of these cells to another lineage in the absence or presence of certain growth factor/ or agents has revolutionized the scope of these pluripotent myogenic satellite cells for manipulation of animal production (in terms of quality and quantity of muscle protein) and health (in terms of repair of skeletal muscle, cartilage or bone).

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

Stem cells are progenitor cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various cells. Especially, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have in vivo and in vitro differentiation capacity into three germ layers and can proliferate infinitely. The differentiation ability of PSCs can be applied for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In domestic animals, their PSCs have a potential for preclinical therapy as well as the production of transgenic animals and agricultural usage such as cultured meat. Among several domestic animals, a pig is considered as an ideal model for biomedical and agricultural purposes mentioned above. In this reason, studies for pig PSCs including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been conducted for decades. Therefore, this review will discuss the history of PSCs derived from various origins and recent progress in pig PSC research field.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 1987

Above ground biomass production of one-year-old hybrid poplars was investigated to select the best clones which are suitable for short rotation forestry. The results were as follows: 1. Average dry weight of Populus alba X P. glandulosa Fl clones was 2.86 for stem,0.41 for branches 0.70 for leaves and 3.97 t/ha for total. and the ratios of green weight to dry weight were 0.47 for stem,0.36 for branches,0.31 for leaves and 0.42 for total. Dry weight of Populus nigra X P. maximowiczii Fl clones was 1.48 for stem, 0.54 for branches.0.71 for loaves and 2.73t/ha for total, and the ratios of green weight to dry weight were 0.42 for stem. 0.37 for branches, 0.28 for leaves and 0.36 for total. 2. Biomass production (green and dry weight)of Populus alba X P. glandulosa F1 clones can be predicted by diameter measurement only, but biomass production of Populus nigra X P. maximowiczii F1 clones can not be predicted by any of investigated characteristics. 3. Dry weight distribution of pepulus alba X P. glandulosa Fl clones were 73$\%$ for stem, 10$\%$ for branches and 17$\%$ for leaves, and dry weight distribution of P. Populus nigra X P. maximowiczii F1 clones were 54$\%$ for stem, 20$\%$ for branches and 26$\%$ for leaves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.893-900
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• 2009

To estimate the contribution of epiphytic algae attached on reed to organic matter production in constructed wetland, primary productivity by epiphytic algae was investigated in two sub-wetlands (Banweol and Donhwa wetlands) of the Sihwa Constructed Wetland (CW) with different chemistry of inflows. Chlorophyll a concentration of epiphytic algae was higher in the Banweol wetland (range:37~3,581 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem, average:655 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem) than the Donhwa wetland (range:87~2,093 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem, average:527 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem). In contrast, assimilation number (AN) representing photosynthetic activity was higher in the Donhwa wetland with low TN/TP ratio than the Banweol wetland. A negative correlation (r=0.46) was observed between TN/TP ratios of inflows and AN in two wetlands, implying that high photosynthetic activity of epiphytic algae may be related with low TN/TP ratio. The areal primary productivity ranged from 307 to 2,473 mgC/$m^2$/day in the Banweol wetland and from 756 to 2,096 mgC/$m^2$/day in the Donghwa wetland, showing high productivity in summer. Average primary production was lower in the Banweol wetland (1,166 mgC/$m^2$/day) than the Donghwa wetland (1,467 mgC/$m^2$/day), although the standing crop (as chlorophyll a concentration) was high in the Banweol wetland. This result may be due to the low photosynthetic activity of epiphytic algae in the Banweol wetland with high TN/TP ratio. The annual primary production (300 tonC/year) of epiphytic algae contributed 33% of the total production in the Sihwa CW. An excessive organic matter production in constructed wetland can negatively affect the efficiency of water treatment. Therefore, the role of epiphytic algae should be considered in management of constructed wetland for water treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1718-1723
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• 2017

Objective: The study explored the dynamics of shearing force and its correlation with chemical compositions and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of stylo. Methods: The shearing force, diameter, linear density, chemical composition, and IVDMD of different height stylo stem were investigated. Linear regression analysis was done to determine the relationships between the shearing force and cut height, diameter, chemical composition, or IVDMD. Results: The results showed that shearing force of stylo stem increased with plant height increasing and the crude protein (CP) content and IVDMD decreased but fiber content increased over time, resulting in decreased forage value. In addition, tall stem had greater shearing force than short stem. Moreover, shearing force is positively correlated with stem diameter, linear density and fiber fraction, but negatively correlated with CP content and IVDMD. Conclusion: Overall, shearing force is an indicator more direct, easier and faster to measure than chemical composition and digestibility for evaluation of forage nutritive value related to animal performance. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate the nutritive value of stylo.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.533-538
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• 2021

Objective: Pluripotent stem cell-derived lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) show great promise in their therapeutic application in the field of regenerative medicine related to lymphatic vessels. We tested the approach of forced differentiation of mouse embryonal stem cells into LECs using biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanospheres in conjugation with growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factors [VEGF-A and VEGF-C]). Methods: We evaluated the practical use of heparin-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles (molecular weight ~15,000) in conjugation with VEGF-A/C, embryoid body (EB) formation, and LEC differentiation using immunofluorescence staining followed by quantification and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: We showed that formation and differentiation of EB with VEGF-A/C-conjugated PLGA nanospheres, compared to direct supplementation of VEGF-A/C to the EB differentiation media, greatly improved yield of LYVE1(+) LECs. Our analyses revealed that the enhanced potential of LEC differentiation using VEGF-A/C-conjugated PLGA nanospheres was mediated by elevation of expression of the genes that are important for lymphatic vessel formation. Conclusion: Together, we not only established an improved protocol for LEC differentiation using PLGA nanospheres but also provided a platform technology for the mechanistic study of LEC development in mammals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Large quantities of high-quality recipient oocytes with uniform cytoplasm are needed for research in the promising field of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and embryonic stem cell research. In canines, however, it is difficult to obtain large quantities of oocytes because each donor produces a limited number of mature oocytes in vivo. Although in vitro maturation (IVM) is considered an alternative approach to oocyte production, this technique is still too rudimentary to be used for the production of highquality, uniform oocytes in large quantities. One technique for overcoming this difficulty is to use oocytes obtained from different species. This technique is known as interspecies SCNT (iSCNT). This review provides an overview of recent advances in canine - porcine interspecies SCNT.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop effective production system in greenhouse for leaves and stems of Angelica acutiloba by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Germination rate of Angelica acutiloba seeds collected in 2003 was $13\%$, while germination rate of seeds Collected in 2004 was above $91\%$. Seed germination rate and plant biomass of Angelica acutiloba collected in 2004 were higher than seed gathering in 2003. Especially, plant growth and yield of Angelica acutiloba grown in pot(The pots was filled with soil mixtures of Sta-Green and Peat Moss mixed with 45:55 ratio.) was the highest. These results indicate that leaf and stem production of Angelica acutiloba can be improved by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots and optimizing seed collecting time in greenhouse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2022

Temperature is a crucial environmental factor for rice cultivation due to the climate change and can influence the rice growth and development. Therefore, the effect of temperature on plant growth characters was examined during the vegetative stage. Plants were grown under three different temperatures: 23℃/13℃ for 18℃, 26℃/16℃ for 21℃ and 29℃/19℃ for 24℃ in the phytotron. The temperature was treated after transplanting and ended in early panicle initiation stage. Heading date of the two varieties were strongly affected by the temperature and were delayed in the 18℃. The plant height in the 18℃ was 21 % shorter than the 21℃ and 24℃ and the tiller and leaf number were increased in the 18℃. All the growth rates of the characters were the slowest in 18℃. The stem dry weight was significantly increased in 18℃. Nitrogen content was increased in the leaves of 18℃ whereas available phosphate and potassium content was found to be increased in the stems of 21℃ and 24℃. OsNRT 2.1 was overexpressed in the leaves and stems of 18℃ and OsNRT2.3a could be expressed in 18℃ and 21℃ temperatures whereas more expressed in 21℃. OsPT1 and OsPT6 could be expressed in the leaf of 18℃ and 24℃ but could be expressed in the stem of 18℃. OsHAK1 and OsHAK5 could be overexpressed in the leaves and stems of 18℃. For hormone, OsCKX2 gene was found to be up regulated in the leaves of 18℃ and OsIAA1 gene could be expressed more in the stem of 24℃.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.659-667
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• 2020

Muscle stem cells isolated from domestic animals, including cows and pigs, were recently spotlighted as candidates for the production of alternative protein resources, so-called cultured meat or lab-grown meat. In the present study, we aimed to optimize the in vitro culture conditions for the long-term expansion of pig muscle stem cells via the screening of various signaling molecules. Pig muscle stem cells were collected from the biceps femoris muscles of 3-d-old crossbred pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, LYD) and cultured in minimum essential medium-based growth media. However, the pig muscle stem cells gradually lost their proliferation ability and featured morphologies during the long-term culture over two weeks. To find suitable in vitro culture conditions for an extended period, skeletal muscle growth medium-2, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580), was used to support the stemness of the pig muscle stem cells. Interestingly, pig muscle stem cells were stably maintained in a long-term culture without loss of the expression of myogenic marker genes as determined by PCR analysis. Immunostaining analysis showed that the stem cells were capable of myogenic differentiation after multiple passaging. Therefore, we found that basal culture conditions containing EGF, dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor were suitable for maintaining pig muscle stem cells during expanded culture in vitro. This culture method may be applied for the production of cultured meat and further basic research on muscle development in the pig.