• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.120-129
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the hydraulic architecture such as relative hydraulic conductivity, Leaf specific conductivity(LSC), Huber value, Specific conductivity of the stem, branch and Junctions of stem-to-branch in Quercus mongolica trees. The hydraulic architecture of various hydraulic conductivities of stem and branch was described. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The range of relative hydraulic conductivity was $2.5526{\times}10^{-12}$ to $1.2260{\times}10^{-10}m^2$ in stems, $1.6279{\times}10^{-11}$ to $6.8378{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in branches. The relative hydraulic conductivities increased with decreasing diameter of stem and branch. The relative hydraulic conductivity of one-year-old terminal shoots were two times greater than that of the lateral shoots. 2. LSC value was larger at the top than at the base in stem. LSC is much smaller in branches than in stem ; especially smallest at branching part. 3. Hydraulic conductivities of the branching part appeared the different values with the 4 type and 4 type. Relative hydraulic conductivity, LSC, Specific conductivity and mean vessel diameter in type branching part were larger in stem than in branch part, but not found in the branching part of Y type. 4. LSC and Specific conductivity of stem increased with decreasing diameter, but Huber value slowly increased with decreasing diameter ; especially highest at less than 1cm diameter. 5. LSC, Huber value, and mean diameter of vessels were larger at 1-year-old leader shoots than at lateral shoots. 6. The mean vessel diameter in various parts of a tree decreased with decreasing diameter of stem, but the number of vessels per unit area($mm^{-2}$) increased reversely. Mean vessel diameter in stem decreased sharply at earlywood and slowly at latewood with decreasing diameter of stem.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.232-241
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• 1999

The automatic irrigation system using the stem diameter monitoring and the transpiration model for the determination, respectively, of irrigation timing and amount was designed and evaluated for its applicability in pot and field culture of greenhouse tomato. In the pot culture condition, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato were improved when irrigation was practiced based on the stem diameter monitoring and the transpiration model as compared to the irrigation practice based on soil moisture monitoring. However, the effects were not significant in the field culture condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to analyze lodging-related traits using different cultivars from Korea, Japan, and the U.S. in direct seeded rice on dry paddy field. Stem diameter and culm wall thickness were highest in 'Caloro' followed by 'Nongan', 'M202', and 'Calrose'. All the U.S. cultivars were higher than the others in stem diameter and culm wall thickness. These two traits were important with regard to lodging. The highest breaking strength (1442g) was observed in Caloro. 'Gancheoek', 'Dongjin', and transplanted 'Hatsuboshi' showed more than 1000g in breaking strength. Lodging index was lowest in Hatsuboshi followed by Nongan and Gancheok. Even though breaking strength of the U.S. cultivars was higher than others, their lodging index values were high. There were no statistically significant differences in starch content. However, Calrose, Caloro, Dongjin, and Koshihikari were relatively higher than others in starch content. Positive correlations were found between culm base weight, lignin and breaking strength. High contents of lignin and cellulose were observed in Nongan, transplanted Hatsuboshi, Calrose, and Caloro. Traits such as stem diameter, culm wall thickness, bending moment, culm length, breaking strength, cellulose, lignin, and culm base weight were closely related to a lodging index. According to path coefficient analysis, most important traits were culm length, stem diameter, thickness of clum wall, and top plant weight.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.68
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• pp.132-135
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• 2005

This experiment was performed to obtain the basic information on heterosis and heterobeltiosis of quantitative characters in the eggplant by crossing of varieties. The heterosis and heterobeltiosis were estimated in Fl generation. The results were as follows, based on the graphical analysis, the characters, plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit number per plant(yield) were assumed to inherit dominance, and fruit length and fruit diameter were found to inherit incomplete dominance. The degree of positive heterosis of plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit diameter, leaf width, leaf length, fruit weight, and stem diameter showed negative heterobeltiosis.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.280-290
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• 2016

Stem diameter variability is an essential inventory result that provides useful information in forest management decisions. Little has been done to explore the modelling potentials of standard deviation (SDD) and coefficient of variation (CVD) of diameter at breast height (dbh). This study, therefore, was aimed at developing and testing models for predicting SDD and CVD in stands of Pinus caribaea Morelet (pine) in south west Nigeria. Sixty temporary sample plots of size $20m{\times}20m$, ranging between 15 and 37 years were sampled, covering the entire range of pine in south west Nigeria. The dbh (cm), total and merchantable heights (m), number of stems and age of trees were measured within each plot. Basal area ($m^2$), site index (m), relative spacing and percentile positions of dbh at $24^{th}$, $63^{rd}$, $76^{th}$ and $93^{rd}$ (i.e. $P_{24}$, $P_{63}$, $P_{76}$ and $P_{93}$) were computed from measured variables for each plot. Linear mixed model (LMM) was used to test the effects of locations (fixed) and plots (random). Six candidate models (3 for SDD and 3 for CVD), using three categories of explanatory variables (i.e. (i) only stand size measures, (ii) distribution measures, and (iii) combination of i and ii). The best model was chosen based on smaller relative standard error (RSE), prediction residual sum of squares (PRESS), corrected Akaike Information Criterion ($AIC_c$) and larger coefficient of determination ($R^2$). The results of the LMM indicated that location and plot effects were not significant. The CVD and SDD models having only measures of percentiles (i.e. $P_{24}$ and $P_{93}$) as predictors produced better predictions than others. However, CVD model produced the overall best predictions, because of the lower RSE and stability in measuring variability across different stand developments. The results demonstrate the potentials of CVD in modelling stem diameter variability in relationship with percentiles variables.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2002

This study was carried out obtain basic information for growth characteristics by different age of Dendropanax morbifera in chonnam, such as Yosu, Sunchon, Haenam, Gangjin, Wando. The pH of soil in cultivation area was 5.2 to 5.6 and organic matter was very high up to 10.6% . P205 content of soil in cultivation area was 35.3 to 42.1 mg/L, C.E.S was 13.9 to 14.4 me/100g, and moisture rate was 19.2 to 21.1 % . The flowering of Dendropanax morbifera began from 6~7 years old tree. The flowering date was at 10th of July at Wando. The growth characteristics of 12 years old tree was 929.5cm in stem height, 134.1mm in stem diameter, and 15 years old tree was 1,117.9cm in stem height, 160.8mm in stem diameter. The number of leaf was 13.9 at five years old tree, and the petioles length was 12.6 at five years old tree. Xylem sap can be had at more than 10 years old tree with good growth more than 10 em stem diameter.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.148-151
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• 2000

This study was carried out obtain basic information for growth characteristics by different age of Dendropanax morbifera in southern part of Korea, such as at Sunchon, Haenam, Gangjin, Wando. The pH of soil in cultivation area was 5.2 to 5.6 and organic matter was very high up to 10.6%. P$_{2}$O$_{5}$, content of soil in cultivation area was 35.3 to 42.1 mg/1, C.E.S was 13.9 to 14.4 me/100g, and moisture rate was 19.2 to 21.1 %. The flowering of Dendropanax morbifera began from 6~7 years old tree. The flowering date was at 10th of July at Wando. The growth characteristics of 12 years old tree was 929.5cm in stem height, 134.1mm in stem diameter, and 15 years old tree was 1,117.9cm in stem height, 160.8mm in stem diameter. The number of leaf was 13.9 at five years old tree, and the petioles length was 12.6 at five years old tree. Xylem sap can be had at more than 10 years old tree with good growth more than 10 cm stem diameter.r.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.63-67
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• 1980

This study was carried out to seek the visible marker and make it easy to select the individuals or lines which have excellent characters. Ginseng plants of one to five years were used for this study, and agronomic characters, such as stem diameter. stem length, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length. stem weight, leaf weight, number of leaves, number of leaflets, main root length, root length, root diameter and root weight were determined and correlations among them were estimated. Generally, agronomic characters, such as stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, number of leaflets, leaf weight and stem weight had positive and highly significant correlations with root weight per plant, the character that has great influence on yield.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2001

This study was carried out to determine the effect of sowing time on the flowering, growth and yield of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet. Emergence and flowering dates in the sowing time from March 30 to April 30 were earlier than those of the other sowing times. In the sowing time from March 30 to April 30, length and diameter of main stem, number of node per main stem, number of branch per plant and fresh, and dry weight of stem were greater than those of the other sowing times. Yield components such as ear length, main stem length and diameter, branches per plant, number of node and ears per plant, yield of stem in fresh and dry were the highest at the sowing time from March 30 to April 30. Optimum sowing time of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet were shown to be from March 30 to April 30 in southern areas of Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-84
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• 1979

Present studies were carried out to clarify the variation of agronomic characters of Panax ginseng (violet-stem variant and yellow-berry variant) and Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng). The variations of stem diameter. stem length, leaf width, root diameter. and root length of Panax quinquefolium were found to be more variable as compared with those of Panax ginseng. As for the variations of agronomic characters of Panax ginseng. violet-stem variant was more variable than yellow-berry variant. In Panax ginseng as well as Panax quinquefolium . the variability of stem length. leaf length, and root length was high. while the other agronomic characters showed comparatively low variability.